The intangible effects of walls | Alexandra Auer

69,695 views ใƒป 2020-04-30

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ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: yael ring ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:13
Humankind loves to build walls.
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืื•ื”ื‘ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื•ืช.
00:16
Have you ever noticed that?
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ืฉืžืชื ืœื‘ ืœื–ื”?
00:18
We build walls for everything:
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ:
00:20
for shelter, for protection, for privacy.
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ืœืžื—ืกื”, ืœื”ื’ื ื”, ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
00:24
Over the past 70 years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 70 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
00:27
the number of barriers between countries has doubled.
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ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ.
00:31
Right now, there are more walls than at the end of the Second World War,
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ื›ืจื’ืข ื™ืฉื ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื”,
00:35
more than during the Cold War.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”.
00:38
Growing up in Germany,
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ื›ืžื™ ืฉื’ื“ืœื” ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
00:40
the fall of the Berlin Wall always felt to me
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ื ืคื™ืœืช ื—ื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืชืคืกื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™
00:42
like the introduction of a new world, a world without barriers.
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ื›ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืขื•ืœื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื•ืœื ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช.
00:46
But since the attacks of 9/11,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืื– ื”ืžืชืงืคื” ื‘-11 ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ,
00:49
the construction has experienced an extreme rise.
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ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื” ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
00:52
Since then, the amount has doubled,
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ืžืื–, ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื›ืคืœื”,
00:54
with about 30 new structures that were planned or built.
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ืขื ื›ืžืขื˜ 30 ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ื• ืื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช.
00:58
Walls and fences are often built with the intention of security,
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ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
01:03
security from another group of people,
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
01:06
from crime, from illegal trades.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืคืฉืข, ืกื—ืจ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™.
01:08
But walls and fences only provide us with a feeling of security,
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ืื‘ืœ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื ื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
01:12
which is different from real security.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ.
01:16
Even though they might make us feel safe,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื• ืœืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
01:18
the structures themselves can't protect us.
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื ื•.
01:22
Instead, they do something else:
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ:
01:24
they separate.
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ื”ื ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื.
01:26
They create an us and a them.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื.
01:28
They establish an enemy.
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ื™ื‘.
01:31
Walls make us build a second wall in our head, a mental wall.
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ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืจืืฉื ื•, ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
01:36
And those mental walls slowly make us lose sight
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ื•ืื•ืชืŸ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืจืื•ืช
01:39
of all the things we have in common with the people on the other side.
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ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
01:44
The other way around,
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ื•ื”ื”ืคืš,
01:45
mental walls can grow so strong that they encourage us to build,
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ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื“ื•ื—ืคื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช,
01:49
keep or strengthen physical walls.
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ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืื• ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช.
01:52
Physical and mental walls are closely interlinked,
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ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื–ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฆืžื•ื“,
01:55
and one almost always comes with the other.
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ื•ืื—ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
01:58
It's a constant cycle:
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ื–ื” ืžืขื’ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืข:
01:59
physical walls empower mental walls, and mental walls empower physical walls
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ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ืืœื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืขืฆื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ืืœื” ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช
02:03
until at one point one part falls away,
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ืขื“ ืฉืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืจืง,
02:06
and the cycle is disrupted.
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ื•ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื ืฉื‘ืจ.
02:09
When the Berlin Wall was being built,
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ื›ืฉื—ื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื ื‘ื ืชื”,
02:11
it was hard to tell who the wall was facing,
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ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื•ืœ ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื ื‘ื ื™ืช,
02:14
because the people living around it identified as one.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื• ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื“ื”ื• ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“.
02:18
There was no us and them.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ื•ื”ื.
02:20
There was no others.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื.
02:21
During the time of separation,
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื”,
02:23
both sides developed differently and formed individual identities.
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ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ื™ืฆืจื• ื–ื”ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื™ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช.
02:27
All of a sudden, there was an us and a them.
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื ื•ืฆืจ ื”ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื•.
02:30
A mental wall was built,
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ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื ื‘ื ืชื”,
02:32
and when the Berlin Wall fell again in 1989,
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ื•ื›ืฉื—ื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื ืคืœื” ื‘-1989,
02:36
this mental wall in the head of the people stayed.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืจืืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื”.
02:40
Eastern Germans had to be reintegrated into their own country,
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ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืžื–ืจื— ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื˜ืžืข ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื,
02:44
and even though they didn't have to move places,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ื,
02:46
many still today feel like they have never fully arrived.
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ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืœื ื ืงืœื˜ื• ืขื“ ื”ืกื•ืฃ.
02:51
Those remaining effects of the mental wall are also measurable.
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ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
02:55
A study from the Freie University of Berlin in 2005
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ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืคืจืื™ื” ื‘ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ ื‘2005
02:59
shows that even 15 years after the reunification,
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ื”ืจืื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• 15 ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“,
03:03
Germans still believed that cities on the other side of the former wall
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ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ
03:08
are further away than they really are.
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ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืืžืช.
03:11
The interesting thing is that they found a link between political attitude
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ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
03:15
and estimation of the distance.
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ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืจื—ืง.
03:18
The more a participant was against the German reunification,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™
03:23
the further away they estimated cities to be.
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ื›ืš ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื”ืขืจื™ืš ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:28
It's the mental wall which keeps cities on the other side far away,
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ื–ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืฉื•ืžืจืช ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืžื›ื,
03:32
and the higher and stronger this mental wall,
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:35
the more difficult they seem to be reached.
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ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืฉืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.
03:38
I tried to repeat this study
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื”
03:40
with a group of young Germans who grew up without the wall
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ืขื ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื’ืจืžื ื™ื™ื ืฉื’ื“ืœื• ืœืœื ื”ื—ื•ืžื”
03:43
to see if these effects are still measurable nowadays.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื.
03:46
And the results show that this generation,
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ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืจืื• ืฉื”ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื”,
03:49
my generation,
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ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™,
03:51
is just kind of bad at geography in general --
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ --
03:55
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:56
East and West.
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ืžื–ืจื— ื•ืžืขืจื‘.
03:57
But in our defense, this could be seen as an improvement, right?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื’ื ืชื ื•, ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ื” ื’ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:01
We never experienced the actual wall.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืขืฆืžื”.
04:04
This physical barrier was never able to make us build a mental wall
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ื”ืžื—ืกื•ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช
04:07
in the first place.
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ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”.
04:10
I would love to take this as a serious indication
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžื—ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช
04:13
that there could be a future without a mental wall dividing Germany,
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ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืชื™ื“ ืœืœื ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืชืคืจื™ื“ ืืช ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
04:16
but I think we have to face reality:
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช:
04:18
this one wall could be disappearing,
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ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื ืขืœืžืช,
04:20
but in the meanwhile, a billion others are constructed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื ื•ืช.
04:24
One global trend we are currently experiencing
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ืžื’ืžื” ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื
04:27
is the rise of gated communities.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช.
04:30
And in a way, gated communities can be seen the same exact way as countries,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืกื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
04:35
just on the small scale --
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ืจืง ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ --
04:37
neighborhoods surrounded by walls and fences
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ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืคื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช
04:40
to protect citizens from other citizens --
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ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื --
04:43
and the only difference is, it's by choice.
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ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจื”.
04:47
But the physical and mental effects on the people living inside
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ
04:50
and the people kept outside
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืœื”ื
04:52
are the same,
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ื”ื™ื ืŸ ื–ื”ื•ืช,
04:54
separating cities, neighborhoods
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ืขืจื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ื•ืช, ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช
04:57
and even playgrounds.
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื’ื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื.
05:00
In the spring of last year, I worked on a design project in Brussels
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ื‘ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื”, ืขื‘ื“ืชื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ
05:03
at two elementary schools where this was the case.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื.
05:07
Both the schools share an entrance and the schoolyard.
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ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื—ืœืงื• ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื•ื—ืฆืจ.
05:10
Both schools teach in Dutch.
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื™ืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช.
05:12
But one school is mainly visited by Belgian children,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื“ื• ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื’ื™ื,
05:15
and the other school, by immigrant children.
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ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืžื“ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ ืžื”ื’ืจื™ื.
05:18
The schools are separated by walls and fences,
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช,
05:20
leaving the children no point of interaction
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ืฉืœื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืงืฆื™ื” ืืœื” ืขื ืืœื”
05:23
other than this fence on the schoolyard that separates them.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืžืคืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
05:27
When I started to work there,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื,
05:29
it made me sad to see children having to stand at a fence
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ื–ื” ื”ืขืฆื™ื‘ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ
05:32
to talk to their friend on the other side.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:35
But what's even worse is that most of the children
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
05:38
will never get the opportunity to even make a friend on the other side.
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
05:43
School should be the place where children, all children,
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
05:47
come together and learn --
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ื‘ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื --
05:48
learn from the teacher, but more importantly,
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ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
05:51
learn from each other.
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ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื–ื”.
05:53
And the more diversity, the more there is to learn.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื” ืœืœืžื•ื“.
05:56
In fact, school might be the only time in our lives
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื•
05:59
where establishing a contact despite social differences is even possible.
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ื‘ื• ื”ืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืืคืฉืจื™.
06:04
Separating children during this time of their development
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ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:07
will make integration extremely difficult,
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ืชืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืฆื™ื”,
06:11
if not impossible.
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ืื ืœื ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
06:13
And yet, somehow,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•,
06:15
I seem to be the only one having a problem with this fence in Brussels.
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ื ืจืื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ.
06:19
Most of the parents, teachers and children
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
06:21
stopped seeing or at least questioning the structure.
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ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืฉืื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.
06:24
It's just how it is.
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘.
06:26
Nobody has ever seen it differently.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืจืื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืจ ืื—ืจ.
06:28
And people are in favor of it.
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ื•ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื“ื”.
06:31
I once asked a boy if he would like to play with the other side,
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ืคืขื ืฉืืœืชื™ ื™ืœื“ ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืจืฆื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™,
06:35
and he said, "No."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ืœื".
06:36
Then I asked if he would play with them if the fence wasn't there,
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ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื—ืง ืืชื ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื’ื“ืจ,
06:39
and he said, "Probably."
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ, "ื›ื ืจืื”".
06:41
But then he quickly added that the fence should stay,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžื”ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ,
06:44
because the other side is mean and they never give back his ball.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจืขื™ื ื•ื”ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื•.
06:48
It's funny, because I talked to children from both sides,
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ื–ื” ืžืฆื—ื™ืง, ื›ื™ ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืขื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื,
06:51
and everyone told me that the other side is mean
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืืžืจื• ืœื™ ืฉื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืจืขื™ื
06:53
because they never give back the ball.
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ.
06:57
The children on both sides dislike each other,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื ืื”ื‘ื• ื–ื” ืืช ื–ื”,
06:59
and there are regularly arguments breaking out at this fence,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ื™ื›ื•ื—ื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ,
07:03
which is also the main reason why people feel the need
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ืฉื–ื• ื’ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš
07:06
for it to be there:
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืฉื:
07:07
it protects the children from each other,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืืœื”,
07:09
or at least their toys,
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
07:10
and it prevents chaos.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ืื•ืก.
07:13
At some point, the children started to crawl beneath the fence
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื–ื—ื•ืœ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื“ืจ
07:16
to get their ball back,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื—ื–ืจื”,
07:17
and the reaction of the schools was to put these metal plates there.
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ื•ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื–ืœ ืฉื.
07:22
Now they climb over.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
07:25
I don't know what came first in Brussels:
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ:
07:27
a mental wall that grew too strong that it made them build a physical fence,
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ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ื ื’ืจืžื” ืœื”ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ืจ ืคื™ื–ื™ืช,
07:31
or this fence that now emphasizes the social differences,
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ืื• ืื•ืชื” ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื,
07:35
even on the schoolyard.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
07:37
But what I did know when I started to work there
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉื
07:39
was that I wanted to change something about the situation.
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื”.
07:42
I wanted to show both sides again how much they have in common.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ.
07:47
For children, this isn't very hard,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”,
07:49
because even though one schoolyard speaks Dutch
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืฆืจ ืื—ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช
07:52
and the other schoolyard, a mix of French, Turkish and Arabic,
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ื•ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ืขืจื‘ื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ืช ื•ืขืจื‘ื™ืช,
07:56
they all speak the universal language of play.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื.
07:59
And it turned out the desire to play
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ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืฉื—ืง
08:02
is a lot stronger than all the supposed differences between them.
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ื—ื–ืง ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
08:06
I installed different games at the fence,
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ื”ืชืงื ืชื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจ,
08:08
which turned it into an interface, a common ground,
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ืฉื”ืคื›ื• ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืžืฉืง, ืงืจืงืข ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช,
08:11
instead of a barrier.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืกื.
08:12
And all of a sudden, children were drawing together,
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ื•ืคืชืื•ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ืจื• ื™ื—ื“,
08:15
exchanging pencils
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ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืขืคืจื•ื ื•ืช
08:16
and talking on the phone.
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ื•ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
08:18
Especially the phones were a great success,
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ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืกื—ืจืจืช,
08:21
because they were so amazed
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื›ืœ ื ื“ื”ืžื•
08:22
by the fact that they can hear the other side through this device
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ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื–ื”
08:25
that they couldn't stop speaking.
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ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
08:28
In the case of an elementary school, parents play a very big role
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“
08:32
in shaping the everyday life and the environment of their children.
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ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื.
08:36
So I knew that if I wanted to make a difference,
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ืื– ื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
08:38
I had to somehow show them, too, how much they have in common
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื’ื ืœื”ื ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ
08:41
with the other side.
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ืขื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
08:42
But for parents, this was a lot more difficult,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”,
08:45
because most of them speak different languages,
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ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
08:47
work different jobs with different incomes,
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ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
08:49
live in different social circles,
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ื•ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
08:51
believe in different religions,
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ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืชื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
08:53
experience different cultures
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ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช
08:54
and share different values.
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ื•ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
08:56
And then there was me, a student,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื ื™, ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช,
08:58
different in all of these aspects again.
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ืฉื•ื ื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
09:02
So how could I show them
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื”ื
09:04
how much they have in common?
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ื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ?
09:06
I chose not to convince them myself
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืื•ืชื ื‘ืขืฆืžื™
09:08
but by letting their own children do the talking.
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ืืœื ืœืชืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื.
09:11
I designed a picture exhibition on the schoolyard
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ืชื›ื ื ืชื™ ืชืขืจื•ื›ืช ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ
09:15
showing them their children playing together through the fence.
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ืฉื”ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื“ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
09:19
At the end of this exhibition,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื”ื–ื•,
09:20
I asked people to write down their thoughts, ideas and wishes
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ื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
09:23
on these big wooden boxes,
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ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืงื•ืคืกืื•ืช ืขืฅ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
09:25
and I labeled the boxes with, "What do you think?"
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ื•ื ืชืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืคืกื” ื›ื•ืชืจืช, "ืžื” ืืชื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘?"
09:28
A lot of people wrote "Yes" on it.
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• "ื›ืŸ" ืขืœื™ื”.
09:31
Yes, what?
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ื›ืŸ, ืžื”?
09:33
I never mentioned my opinion or an action that should follow,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื™ ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข,
09:37
so which question were they answering with yes?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืฉืืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื ืขื ื• ื›ืŸ?
09:39
When I asked, they said yes, the fence should go.
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ื›ืฉืฉืืœืชื™ ื”ื ืืžืจื•, ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจ.
09:43
Yes, we want to play with the other side.
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ืขื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™.
09:46
The pictures implied enough to answer a question
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืคื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืžื– ืขืœ ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”
09:49
that was never proposed.
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ืœืฉืืœื” ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืขืœืชื”.
09:51
People were seeing the absurdity of the situation again
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ืกื•ืจื“ ืฉื‘ืžืฆื‘
09:54
and felt how unnecessary this fence is
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ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื’ื“ืจ ืœื ื ื—ื•ืฆื”
09:56
without me forcing an opinion on them.
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ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืื›ืคื” ืืช ื“ืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
10:00
The exhibition showed the two sides their similarities for once.
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ื”ืชืฆื•ื’ื” ื”ืจืืชื” ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
10:05
That day, there was no us and them,
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื”ื ื•ืื ื—ื ื•,
10:07
there was no others.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืื—ืจื™ื.
10:09
The mental wall started to crumble.
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ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ.
10:13
I chose the word "crumbling,"
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” "ืœื”ืชืคื•ืจืจ",
10:14
because breaking a mental wall is a long journey,
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ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืืจื•ืš
10:18
and breaking a mental wall can be a lot more difficult
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ื•ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ืžื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”
10:21
than simply tearing down the physical one.
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ืžืขืงื™ืจืช ื–ื• ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช.
10:23
We have to challenge our opinion and beliefs
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืืชื’ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
10:26
and maybe even admit our own wrongs.
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
10:30
So what happened in Brussels was a big step,
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ืื– ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ืขื ืง,
10:33
a step that has been taking generations in Germany.
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ืฆืขื“ ืฉืœืงื— ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”.
10:38
There are many examples from all over the world
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ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื
10:41
telling the same story I experienced in Brussels and Germany,
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ื”ืžืกืคืจื•ืช ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื—ื•ื•ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืกืœ ื•ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
10:45
enough examples from which we could have learned.
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ืžืกืคื™ืง ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“.
10:49
But still, we seek walls as solutions for problems that they cannot solve,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ.
10:54
because walls don't fight the root of our problem.
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
10:58
If anything, they reduce the symptoms.
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ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืŸ ืžืคื—ื™ืชื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื.
11:02
So the next time you are planning to build a wall
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ืื– ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”
11:06
or you are planning to support someone who wants to build a wall,
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ืื• ืฉืืชื ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžื”,
11:10
I want you to remember the impact you are really having.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืืชื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
11:14
Because, this simple structure will hardly create more security.
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ื›ื™, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
11:18
Instead, it will affect the people living with it every day,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื• ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื,
11:22
people who, despite the geographic border,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™,
11:26
often share a lot of culture and values.
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ืœืจื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
11:29
For them, you are not building one wall but two,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืืชื ืœื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื•ืžื” ืื—ืช ืืœื ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
11:33
two walls which will take decades and generations to overcome again.
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ืฉืชื™ ื—ื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืงื— ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘.
11:40
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
11:41
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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