The intangible effects of walls | Alexandra Auer

69,466 views ใƒป 2020-04-30

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Transcriber: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Camille Martรญnez
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๋ฒˆ์—ญ: hansom Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
Humankind loves to build walls.
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๋ฒฝ์„ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:16
Have you ever noticed that?
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์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:18
We build walls for everything:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ๋ฒฝ์„ ์Œ“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:20
for shelter, for protection, for privacy.
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์ฃผ๊ฑฐ์ง€์—, ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
00:24
Over the past 70 years,
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70๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ,
00:27
the number of barriers between countries has doubled.
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๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ 2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
Right now, there are more walls than at the end of the Second World War,
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ 2์ฐจ ๋Œ€์ „์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๋ƒ‰์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ๋ณด๋‹ค
00:35
more than during the Cold War.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:38
Growing up in Germany,
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๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์ž๋ž๋˜ ์ €๋Š”
00:40
the fall of the Berlin Wall always felt to me
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๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
like the introduction of a new world, a world without barriers.
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ์ง„์ž…, ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
00:46
But since the attacks of 9/11,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ 911 ์‚ฌํƒœ ์ดํ›„๋กœ,
00:49
the construction has experienced an extreme rise.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฑด๋ฌผ์€ ๊ธ‰๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ์ฃ .
00:52
Since then, the amount has doubled,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ์ดํ›„๋กœ 2๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋์ฃ .
00:54
with about 30 new structures that were planned or built.
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30๊ฐœ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฑด๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์ง€์–ด์งˆ ์˜ˆ์ •์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Walls and fences are often built with the intention of security,
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๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ๋ณด์•ˆ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€์–ด์ง€์ฃ .
01:03
security from another group of people,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:06
from crime, from illegal trades.
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๋ฒ”์ฃ„๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•”๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
01:08
But walls and fences only provide us with a feeling of security,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ๋งŒ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
01:12
which is different from real security.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Even though they might make us feel safe,
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์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค„์ง€๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
01:18
the structures themselves can't protect us.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆด ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•ด์ฃผ์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
01:22
Instead, they do something else:
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
they separate.
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
They create an us and a them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
They establish an enemy.
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์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Walls make us build a second wall in our head, a mental wall.
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์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์—์„œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฒฝ์ธ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
01:36
And those mental walls slowly make us lose sight
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
01:39
of all the things we have in common with the people on the other side.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
The other way around,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ,
01:45
mental walls can grow so strong that they encourage us to build,
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์€ ์ ์  ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ผ์„œ
01:49
keep or strengthen physical walls.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
Physical and mental walls are closely interlinked,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:55
and one almost always comes with the other.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์˜ค์ฃ .
01:58
It's a constant cycle:
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๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ์ˆœํ™˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
physical walls empower mental walls, and mental walls empower physical walls
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ๋„ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
02:03
until at one point one part falls away,
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์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ํ•œ ์ชฝ์ด ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฉด
02:06
and the cycle is disrupted.
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๊ทธ ์ˆœํ™˜์€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
When the Berlin Wall was being built,
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๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ง€์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ
02:11
it was hard to tell who the wall was facing,
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๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งž๋Œ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ฃ .
02:14
because the people living around it identified as one.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์œ„์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:18
There was no us and them.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
There was no others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ ์š”.
02:21
During the time of separation,
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ,
02:23
both sides developed differently and formed individual identities.
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
All of a sudden, there was an us and a them.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
A mental wall was built,
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ๊ณ ,
02:32
and when the Berlin Wall fell again in 1989,
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1989๋…„์— ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:36
this mental wall in the head of the people stayed.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ์˜€์ฃ .
02:40
Eastern Germans had to be reintegrated into their own country,
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๋™๋…์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ ,
02:44
and even though they didn't have to move places,
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์žฅ์†Œ์กฐ์ฐจ ์›€์ง์ผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
02:46
many still today feel like they have never fully arrived.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ •์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Those remaining effects of the mental wall are also measurable.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ• ๋งŒ ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:55
A study from the Freie University of Berlin in 2005
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2005๋…„์— ๋ฒ ๋ฅผ๋ฆฐ ์ž์œ  ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
02:59
shows that even 15 years after the reunification,
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ํ†ต์ผ์ด ๋œ์ง€ 15๋…„์ด ์ง€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ
03:03
Germans still believed that cities on the other side of the former wall
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๋…์ผ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ๋ฒฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋„์‹œ๋“ค์ด
03:08
are further away than they really are.
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์‹ค์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋Š๋‚€๋‹ค๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ‘œํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:11
The interesting thing is that they found a link between political attitude
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •์น˜์  ์ž…์žฅ์ด
03:15
and estimation of the distance.
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๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
The more a participant was against the German reunification,
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๋…์ผ ํ†ต์ผ์— ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
03:23
the further away they estimated cities to be.
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๋” ๋จผ ๋„์‹œ์— ์‚ด์ˆ˜๋ก ๊ทธ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:28
It's the mental wall which keeps cities on the other side far away,
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์ด๋ž‘ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:32
and the higher and stronger this mental wall,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ ์  ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง€๊ณ  ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:35
the more difficult they seem to be reached.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‹ฟ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:38
I tried to repeat this study
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์ „ ์ด ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์—†์ด ์ž๋ž€
03:40
with a group of young Germans who grew up without the wall
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์–ด๋ฆฐ ๋…์ผ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
to see if these effects are still measurable nowadays.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์—๋„ ์ด ์˜ํ–ฅ์ด ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์œ ํšจํ•œ์ง€ ๋ณด๋ ค๊ณ ์š”.
03:46
And the results show that this generation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์ด ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€
03:49
my generation,
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์ œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๋Š”
03:51
is just kind of bad at geography in general --
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ˆ ์ข‹์„ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:55
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:56
East and West.
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๋™๋…๊ณผ ์„œ๋….
03:57
But in our defense, this could be seen as an improvement, right?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ์ ์  ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ž–์•„์š”?
04:01
We never experienced the actual wall.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
04:04
This physical barrier was never able to make us build a mental wall
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์€ ์ฒ˜์Œ์—๋Š”
04:07
in the first place.
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”.
04:10
I would love to take this as a serious indication
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์ „ ๋…์ผ์„ ๋‘˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์—†์• ์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด
04:13
that there could be a future without a mental wall dividing Germany,
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๋…์ผ์— ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€์ฃ .
04:16
but I think we have to face reality:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
04:18
this one wall could be disappearing,
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๋ฒฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:20
but in the meanwhile, a billion others are constructed.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฒฝ์ด ์ƒ๊ธธ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
04:24
One global trend we are currently experiencing
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํ๋ฆ„ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€
04:27
is the rise of gated communities.
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๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋ฌธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ž–์•„์š”.
04:30
And in a way, gated communities can be seen the same exact way as countries,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์— ๋ฌธ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
04:35
just on the small scale --
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๊ทœ๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ž‘์„ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
04:37
neighborhoods surrounded by walls and fences
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๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์€
04:40
to protect citizens from other citizens --
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€ํ‚ค์ฃ .
04:43
and the only difference is, it's by choice.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด์ ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ, ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
But the physical and mental effects on the people living inside
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•ˆ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ
04:50
and the people kept outside
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๋ฐ”๊นฅ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
04:52
are the same,
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๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
separating cities, neighborhoods
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๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ๋„์‹œ, ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค
04:57
and even playgrounds.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šด๋™์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€.
05:00
In the spring of last year, I worked on a design project in Brussels
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์ง€๋‚œ ๋ด„์— ์ „ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‰˜์—์„œ ๋””์ž์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:03
at two elementary schools where this was the case.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ ์šฉ๋œ ๋‘ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ์š”.
05:07
Both the schools share an entrance and the schoolyard.
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๋‘ ํ•™๊ต ๋‹ค ์ž…๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™๊ณ  ์šด๋™์žฅ์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
Both schools teach in Dutch.
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๋‘ ํ•™๊ต ๋‹ค ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ ์š”.
05:12
But one school is mainly visited by Belgian children,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ ํ•™๊ต์—๋Š” ๋ฒจ๊ธฐ์— ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
05:15
and the other school, by immigrant children.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋…”์ฃ .
05:18
The schools are separated by walls and fences,
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ๋ฒฝ๊ณผ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
05:20
leaving the children no point of interaction
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์•„์ด๋“ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ณด๋‹ค
05:23
other than this fence on the schoolyard that separates them.
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์šด๋™์žฅ์˜ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:27
When I started to work there,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
05:29
it made me sad to see children having to stand at a fence
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์ŠฌํŽ๋˜ ๊ฑด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ์— ์„œ์„œ
05:32
to talk to their friend on the other side.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
But what's even worse is that most of the children
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
05:38
will never get the opportunity to even make a friend on the other side.
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์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ๊ทˆ ๊ธฐํšŒ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
05:43
School should be the place where children, all children,
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ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
05:47
come together and learn --
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๋‹ค ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ์žฅ์†Œ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:48
learn from the teacher, but more importantly,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๊ณ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฑด
05:51
learn from each other.
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And the more diversity, the more there is to learn.
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๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ด์งˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ฐฐ์šธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š” ๋” ๋งŽ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
05:56
In fact, school might be the only time in our lives
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•™๊ต๋Š” ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ
05:59
where establishing a contact despite social differences is even possible.
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
06:04
Separating children during this time of their development
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉด
06:07
will make integration extremely difficult,
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ํ†ตํ•ฉ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
06:11
if not impossible.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์งˆ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ .
06:13
And yet, somehow,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด,
06:15
I seem to be the only one having a problem with this fence in Brussels.
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๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€์˜ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ € ๋ฟ์ผ์ง€๋„์š”.
06:19
Most of the parents, teachers and children
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€๋ชจ, ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€
06:21
stopped seeing or at least questioning the structure.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ตœ์†Œํ•œ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:24
It's just how it is.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:26
Nobody has ever seen it differently.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ์ ์„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ด์š”.
06:28
And people are in favor of it.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:31
I once asked a boy if he would like to play with the other side,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ์†Œ๋…„์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€
06:35
and he said, "No."
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๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ "์•„๋‡จ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
06:36
Then I asked if he would play with them if the fence wasn't there,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์—†์œผ๋ฉด ๋†€๊ฑฐ๋ƒ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
06:39
and he said, "Probably."
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"์•„๋งˆ๋„์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:41
But then he quickly added that the fence should stay,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณง๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ง๋ถ™์ด๊ธธ, ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ 
06:44
because the other side is mean and they never give back his ball.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ณต์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์•ˆ ๋Œ๋ ค์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:48
It's funny, because I talked to children from both sides,
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์ฃ . ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–‘์ชฝ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
06:51
and everyone told me that the other side is mean
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๋ฌผ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์ด๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋Š”
06:53
because they never give back the ball.
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๊ณต์„ ๋ชป ๋Œ๋ ค๋ฐ›๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
06:57
The children on both sides dislike each other,
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์–‘์ชฝ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
06:59
and there are regularly arguments breaking out at this fence,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์—†์• ์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ํ† ๋ก ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
07:03
which is also the main reason why people feel the need
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์ด๊ฑด ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์™œ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ
07:06
for it to be there:
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๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:07
it protects the children from each other,
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์„œ๋กœ์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
07:09
or at least their toys,
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋„
07:10
and it prevents chaos.
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ํ˜ผ๋ž€์„ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
07:13
At some point, the children started to crawl beneath the fence
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์–ด์ฉ” ๋• ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์–ด๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
07:16
to get their ball back,
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๊ณต์„ ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
07:17
and the reaction of the schools was to put these metal plates there.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ ์ œ ๋ฐฉ์–ด๋ง‰์„ ์„ธ์›Œ๋†“์ฃ .
07:22
Now they climb over.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ด์ œ ํƒ€๊ณ  ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:25
I don't know what came first in Brussels:
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์ €๋„ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‰˜์— ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ €์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
a mental wall that grew too strong that it made them build a physical fence,
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์‹ฌ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฒฝ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ฒฝ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
07:31
or this fence that now emphasizes the social differences,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:35
even on the schoolyard.
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์šด๋™์žฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ๋†“๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€์š”.
07:37
But what I did know when I started to work there
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
07:39
was that I wanted to change something about the situation.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
I wanted to show both sides again how much they have in common.
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์ „ ์–‘์ชฝ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋ฉด์„œ ์„œ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:47
For children, this isn't very hard,
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์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
07:49
because even though one schoolyard speaks Dutch
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์–ด๋ฅผ ์“ด๋‹ค ํ•ด๋„
07:52
and the other schoolyard, a mix of French, Turkish and Arabic,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ์ชฝ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์–ด, ํ„ฐํ‚ค์–ด, ์•„๋ž์–ด,
07:56
they all speak the universal language of play.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์–ธ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ž์–ด์„œ ์“ฐ๋ฉฐ ๋…ธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:59
And it turned out the desire to play
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์—ด๋ง์ด
08:02
is a lot stronger than all the supposed differences between them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์ฃ .
08:06
I installed different games at the fence,
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์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒŒ์ž„๋“ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
which turned it into an interface, a common ground,
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์„œ๋กœ ์ ‘์ ๊ณผ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
08:11
instead of a barrier.
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๋ฒฝ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—์š”.
08:12
And all of a sudden, children were drawing together,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:15
exchanging pencils
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์—ฐํ•„์„ ๊ตํ™˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
08:16
and talking on the phone.
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์ „ํ™”ํ†ตํ™”๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
08:18
Especially the phones were a great success,
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ํŠนํžˆ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:21
because they were so amazed
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ
08:22
by the fact that they can hear the other side through this device
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋†€๋ผ์›Œํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:25
that they couldn't stop speaking.
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๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
In the case of an elementary school, parents play a very big role
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์ดˆ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”, ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด
08:32
in shaping the everyday life and the environment of their children.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ์ƒํ™œํ•˜๋Š” ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
08:36
So I knew that if I wanted to make a difference,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋ฉด,
08:38
I had to somehow show them, too, how much they have in common
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค˜์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
08:41
with the other side.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ฎ์•˜๋Š”์ง€.
08:42
But for parents, this was a lot more difficult,
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๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์› ์ฃ .
08:45
because most of them speak different languages,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ์–ธ์–ด๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
08:47
work different jobs with different incomes,
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์ง์—…๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์ž…๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
08:49
live in different social circles,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ํ™œ๋™ ๋ฐ˜๊ฒฝ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
08:51
believe in different religions,
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์ข…๊ต๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ ,
08:53
experience different cultures
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๋ฌธํ™”๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ณ 
08:54
and share different values.
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๊ณต์œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
08:56
And then there was me, a student,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋„, ํ•™์ƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
08:58
different in all of these aspects again.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹ค ๋‹ฌ๋ž๊ณ ์š”.
09:02
So how could I show them
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
09:04
how much they have in common?
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๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ?
09:06
I chose not to convince them myself
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๋“ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
09:08
but by letting their own children do the talking.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋„๋ก ๋†”๋’€์ฃ .
09:11
I designed a picture exhibition on the schoolyard
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์ „ ํ•™๊ต ์šด๋™์žฅ์— ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ „์‹œํ•ด
09:15
showing them their children playing together through the fence.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋…ธ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์–ด์š”.
09:19
At the end of this exhibition,
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์ด ์ „์‹œ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚œ ํ›„์—
09:20
I asked people to write down their thoughts, ideas and wishes
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์ „ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ƒ์ž์—
09:23
on these big wooden boxes,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ, ์†Œ์›๋“ค์„ ์จ์„œ ๋„ฃ์–ด ๋‹ฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํƒํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
09:25
and I labeled the boxes with, "What do you think?"
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์ „ ์ƒ์ž์—๋‹ค "์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์„ธ์š”?" ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์—ˆ๊ณ 
09:28
A lot of people wrote "Yes" on it.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด "์ข‹์•„์š”" ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ ์–ด์ฃผ์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:31
Yes, what?
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์ข‹์•„์š”, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด?
09:33
I never mentioned my opinion or an action that should follow,
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์ „ ์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰๋™์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
09:37
so which question were they answering with yes?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์ข‹๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
09:39
When I asked, they said yes, the fence should go.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌป์ž ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋™์˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์ฃ .
09:43
Yes, we want to play with the other side.
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๋„ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ ๋„ˆ๋จธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋†€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
09:46
The pictures implied enough to answer a question
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์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
that was never proposed.
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:51
People were seeing the absurdity of the situation again
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ€์กฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋ดค๊ณ 
09:54
and felt how unnecessary this fence is
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์ด ์šธํƒ€๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ถˆํ•„์š”ํ•œ์ง€
09:56
without me forcing an opinion on them.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:00
The exhibition showed the two sides their similarities for once.
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์ „์‹œ๋Š” ์–‘์ชฝ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฌ์„ฑ์„ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
That day, there was no us and them,
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๊ทธ ๋‚ ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:07
there was no others.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
The mental wall started to crumble.
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๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์ด ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:13
I chose the word "crumbling,"
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์ €๋Š” "ํ—ˆ๋ฌผ๋‹ค"๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
because breaking a mental wall is a long journey,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งˆ์Œ์˜ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ธด ์—ฌ์ •์ด๊ณ ,
10:18
and breaking a mental wall can be a lot more difficult
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฒฝ์„ ๋ถ€์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค
10:21
than simply tearing down the physical one.
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
10:23
We have to challenge our opinion and beliefs
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋งž์„œ ์‹ธ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:26
and maybe even admit our own wrongs.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
10:30
So what happened in Brussels was a big step,
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๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‰˜์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํฐ ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
a step that has been taking generations in Germany.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์ด ๋…์ผ์—์„œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
10:38
There are many examples from all over the world
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจ์‰˜๊ณผ ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ์ผ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”
10:41
telling the same story I experienced in Brussels and Germany,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ๋“ค์ด ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:45
enough examples from which we could have learned.
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์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ์ •๋„์ฃ .
10:49
But still, we seek walls as solutions for problems that they cannot solve,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ, ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฒฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:54
because walls don't fight the root of our problem.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฒฝ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋˜๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
10:58
If anything, they reduce the symptoms.
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์–ด์ฐŒ๋๋“ , ์ฆ์ƒ์„ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:02
So the next time you are planning to build a wall
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋‹ค์Œ ๋ฒˆ์— ๋ฒฝ์„ ์Œ“์„ ๊ณ„ํš์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:06
or you are planning to support someone who wants to build a wall,
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ง€์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:10
I want you to remember the impact you are really having.
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์ „ ๊ทธ ๋ฒฝ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด์š”.
11:14
Because, this simple structure will hardly create more security.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ๋ณด์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
11:18
Instead, it will affect the people living with it every day,
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๋Œ€์‹ ์—, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋งค์ผ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ฃ .
11:22
people who, despite the geographic border,
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์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
11:26
often share a lot of culture and values.
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๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์„ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
11:29
For them, you are not building one wall but two,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ ๋ฒฝ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ
11:33
two walls which will take decades and generations to overcome again.
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๋ช‡์‹ญ ๋…„ ํ˜น์€ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ƒ๊ธธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:41
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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