Mikko Hypponen: Three types of online attack

100,321 views ใƒป 2012-01-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Sorin Solomon ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:20
In the 1980s, in communist Eastern Germany,
0
20624
6701
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-80 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช
ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ืžื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช,
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืš ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”
00:27
if you owned a typewriter,
1
27349
3174
00:30
you had to register it with the government.
2
30547
2801
ื”ื™ื™ืช ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืจืฉื•ื ืื•ืชื” ืžื•ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ืš ืœืžืกื•ืจ
00:33
You had to register a sample sheet of text out of the typewriter.
3
33372
5464
ื“ืฃ ืขื ื˜ืงืกื˜ ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”
ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”.
00:38
And this was done so the government could track
4
38860
3551
ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜.
00:42
where the text was coming from.
5
42435
1745
ืื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื“ืฃ ืžื•ื“ืคืก
00:44
If they found a paper which had the wrong kind of thought,
6
44204
5695
ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
00:49
they could track down who created that thought.
7
49923
3144
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘
ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื”ื™ื.
ืื ื—ื ื•, ื‘ืžืขืจื‘
00:54
And we in the West
8
54369
1594
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
00:57
couldn't understand how anybody would do this,
9
57154
2682
00:59
how much this would restrict freedom of speech.
10
59860
3177
ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืžืขืฉื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช
01:03
We would never do that in our own countries.
11
63061
3276
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื, ื‘- 2011,
01:08
But today, in 2011, if you go and buy a color laser printer
12
68319
6417
ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืžื“ืคืกืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ืช,
01:14
from any major laser printer manufacturer
13
74760
3839
ื•ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžืื™ื–ื” ืžื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ืคืกื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื–ืจ
ื•ืืชื” ืžื“ืคื™ืก ื“ืฃ,
01:18
and print a page,
14
78623
1437
ืื•ืชื• ื“ืฃ ื™ื•ื“ืคืก
01:20
that page will end up
15
80084
1752
01:21
having slight yellow dots printed on every single page,
16
81860
5220
ื›ืืฉืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื“ืฃ
ื‘ืชื‘ื ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•,
01:27
in a pattern which makes the page unique to you and to your printer.
17
87104
5443
ืœืš ื•ืœืžื“ืคืกืช ืฉืœืš.
ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”
01:34
This is happening to us today.
18
94381
3335
ืืฆืœื ื•, ื”ื™ื•ื.
ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื ืจืื” ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ ืžื–ื”.
01:39
And nobody seems to be making a fuss about it.
19
99358
3082
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”
01:43
And this is an example
20
103615
2664
ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื
01:46
of the ways our own governments are using technology
21
106303
6852
ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
ื ื’ื“ื ื•, ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
01:53
against us, the citizens.
22
113179
2054
ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื
01:57
And this is one of the main three sources of online problems today.
23
117179
4334
ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื.
02:01
If we look at what's really happening in the online world,
24
121537
2990
ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื,
02:04
we can group the attacks based on the attackers.
25
124551
2905
ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืฅ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืชื•ืงืคื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
02:08
We have three main groups.
26
128028
1808
02:09
We have online criminals.
27
129860
1439
ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื.
02:11
Like here, we have Mr. Dmitry Golubov,
28
131323
2203
ื›ืžื• ื–ื”, ืžืจ ื“ื™ืžื™ื˜ืจื™ ื’ื•ืœื•ื‘ื•ื‘
02:13
from the city of Kiev in Ukraine.
29
133550
1976
ืžืงื™ื™ื‘, ืื•ืงืจืื™ื ื”.
ืืช ื”ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื
02:16
And the motives of online criminals are very easy to understand.
30
136419
4417
ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ.
02:20
These guys make money.
31
140860
1594
ื›ื›ื” ื”ื ืžืชืขืฉืจื™ื
02:22
They use online attacks to make lots of money --
32
142478
4254
ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืขืฉืจ,
02:26
and lots and lots of it.
33
146756
1977
ื•ื”ืจื‘ื”.
02:28
We actually have several cases of millionaires online, multimillionaires,
34
148757
5385
ื”ืืžืช, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื
ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื, ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจื™ื,
ืฉื”ืชืขืฉืจื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
02:34
who made money with their attacks.
35
154166
1760
02:35
Here's Vladimir Tsastsin, from Tartu in Estonia.
36
155950
3502
ื”ื ื” ื•ืœื“ื™ืžืจื™ ืฆืฆื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืืจื˜ื•, ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”.
ื–ื”ื• ืืœืคืจื“ ื’ื•ื ื–ืืœืก.
02:39
This is [Albert] Gonzalez.
37
159476
1795
ื–ื”ื• ืกื˜ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืื˜.
02:41
This is Stephen Watt.
38
161295
1775
ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืจืŸ ืกื•ื ื“ื™ืŸ.
02:43
This is Bjorn Sundin.
39
163094
1798
02:44
This is Matthew Anderson, Tariq Al-Daour
40
164916
1941
ื–ื”ื• ืžื˜ื™ื• ืื ื“ืจืกื•ืŸ, ื˜ืืจื™ืง ืืœ-ื“ืื•ืจ
02:46
and so on and so on.
41
166881
2312
ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื” ื•ื›ืš ื”ืœืื”.
ื”ื—ื‘ืจ'ื” ื”ืืœื”
02:50
These guys make their fortunes online,
42
170256
4219
ืžืฉื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ืขื•ืฉืจื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ,
ืืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช
02:54
but they make it through the illegal means
43
174499
2337
02:56
of using things like banking Trojans
44
176860
2695
ืข"ื™ ืฉืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• ืกื•ืกื™ื ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™ื™ื
ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืฃ ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
02:59
to steal money from our bank accounts while we do online banking,
45
179579
3453
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ืงืื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช,
ืื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช key-loggers
03:03
or with keyloggers
46
183056
2250
ืืฉืจ ืื•ืกืคื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœื ื•
03:05
to collect our credit card information
47
185330
2258
03:07
while we are doing online shopping from an infected computer.
48
187612
3561
ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ื’ื•ืข.
ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื”"ื‘,
03:11
The US Secret Service,
49
191197
2354
ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื,
03:13
two months ago, froze the Swiss bank account
50
193575
3022
ื”ืงืคื™ื ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฅ
03:16
of Mr. Sam Jain right here,
51
196621
2581
ืฉืœ ืžืจ ืกืื ื’'ืื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ,
ื•ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื• 14.9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
03:19
and that bank account had 14.9 million US dollars in it
52
199226
3712
ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืงืคื.
03:22
when it was frozen.
53
202962
1391
ืžืจ ื’'ืื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™;
03:24
Mr. Jain himself is on the loose; nobody knows where he is.
54
204377
3237
ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืข ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื.
03:28
And I claim it's already today
55
208637
2444
ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ื™ื•ื
ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
03:32
that it's more likely for any of us to become the victim of a crime online
56
212335
5722
ื™ื™ืคื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืœืคืฉืข ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™.
03:38
than here in the real world.
57
218081
2370
ื•ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ
03:41
And it's very obvious that this is only going to get worse.
58
221691
2945
ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืจืง ื™ื™ืœืš ื•ื™ื—ืžื™ืจ.
03:44
In the future, the majority of crime will be happening online.
59
224660
4376
ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคืฉืขื™ื
ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืงืคื™ื
03:51
The second major group of attackers that we are watching today
60
231488
3348
ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื
03:54
are not motivated by money.
61
234860
2259
ืื™ื ื ืชืจื™ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ.
ื”ื ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ:
03:57
They're motivated by something else --
62
237143
2103
ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื—ืื”,
03:59
motivated by protests,
63
239270
1977
ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ืขื•ืช,
04:01
motivated by an opinion,
64
241271
2212
ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืข.
04:03
motivated by the laughs.
65
243507
2171
04:05
Groups like Anonymous have risen up over the last 12 months
66
245702
5525
ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก
ืขืœื• ืœื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช ื‘- 12 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื
ื•ื”ืคื›ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืงืŸ ืจืืฉื™
04:11
and have become a major player in the field of online attacks.
67
251251
3956
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช.
ืื– ื”ื ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชื•ืงืคื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื:
04:16
So those are the three main attackers:
68
256287
1832
ืคื•ืฉืขื™ื ืฉื•ืขืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื›ืกืฃ
04:18
criminals who do it for the money,
69
258143
2055
ื”ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื ื•ื ื™ืžื•ืก
04:20
hacktivists like Anonymous doing it for the protest,
70
260222
4499
ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื—ืื”,
04:24
but then the last group are nation states --
71
264745
3202
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
04:27
governments doing the attacks.
72
267971
2039
ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช.
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžืงืจื™ื
04:32
And then we look at cases like what happened in DigiNotar.
73
272551
3493
ื›ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจืช DigiNotar.
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ
04:36
This is a prime example of what happens when governments attack
74
276068
3886
ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช
04:39
against their own citizens.
75
279978
1696
ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ.
DigiNotar ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืฉืจ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช
04:42
DigiNotar is a certificate authority from the Netherlands --
76
282412
4987
ื”ืžืžื•ืงืžืช ื‘ื”ื•ืœื ื“.
ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง, ื”ื™ื™ืชื”.
04:47
or actually, it was.
77
287423
1576
ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœ
04:49
It was running into bankruptcy last fall,
78
289023
5222
ื‘ืกืชื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืคืจืฆื• ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:54
because they were hacked into.
79
294269
1768
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคืจืฅ ืคื ื™ืžื”
04:56
Somebody broke in and they hacked it thoroughly.
80
296061
3364
ื•ืขืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช.
05:00
And I asked last week,
81
300591
2575
ืฉืืœืชื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข
ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉืชื™ ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื“ื™ืช,
05:03
in a meeting with Dutch government representatives,
82
303190
4123
ืฉืืœืชื™ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื
05:07
I asked one of the leaders of the team
83
307337
3694
ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ
05:12
whether he found plausible that people died
84
312150
5330
ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื• ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื
05:17
because of the DigiNotar hack.
85
317504
1784
ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฆื” ื‘- DigiNotar.
ื•ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” "ื›ืŸ".
05:21
And his answer was: yes.
86
321447
2440
ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื™ื
05:26
So how do people die
87
326073
2039
ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืคืจืฆื” ื›ื–ืืช?
05:28
as the result of a hack like this?
88
328136
1706
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, DigiNotar ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช.
05:31
Well, DigiNotar is a CA.
89
331049
1787
05:32
They sell certificates.
90
332860
1976
ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช.
05:34
What do you do with certificates?
91
334860
1606
ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช?
05:36
Well, you need a certificate if you have a website
92
336490
2542
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช
ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชืš ืืชืจ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘- https,
05:39
that has https, SSL encrypted services,
93
339056
3603
ืฆื•ืจืช ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช,
05:43
services like Gmail.
94
343725
2749
ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืžื• Gmail.
ื›ื•ืœื ื•, ืื• ืจื•ื‘ื ื•,
05:47
Now we all, or a big part of us, use Gmail or one of their competitors,
95
347363
3661
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘- Gmail ืื• ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
ืืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื” ืžืื•ื“ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื
05:51
but these services are especially popular in totalitarian states like Iran,
96
351048
5788
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช
ื›ืžื• ืื™ืจืืŸ,
05:56
where dissidents use foreign services like Gmail
97
356860
4976
ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ
ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• Gmail
06:01
because they know they are more trustworthy than the local services
98
361860
3191
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืžืืฉืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื
ื•ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฆืคื ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช SSL,
06:05
and they are encrypted over SSL connections,
99
365075
2761
06:07
so the local government can't snoop on their discussions.
100
367860
3304
ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจื—ืจื—
ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
ืžืœื‘ื“ ืžืงืจื” ื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื—ื‘ืจื” ื–ืจื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช
06:12
Except they can,
101
372196
1344
06:13
if they hack into a foreign CA and issue rogue certificates.
102
373564
3851
ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืคื•ืช.
ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืื™ืจืข
06:17
And this is exactly what happened with the case of DigiNotar.
103
377439
3861
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ DigiNotar.
ืžื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™
06:25
What about Arab Spring
104
385109
1992
ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืจืขื•, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื?
06:27
and things that have been happening, for example, in Egypt?
105
387125
3311
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฆืจื™ื
06:30
Well, in Egypt,
106
390460
1343
06:31
the rioters looted the headquarters of the Egyptian secret police
107
391827
3707
ืคืจืฆื• ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžืคืงื“ื”
ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื—ืฉืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฆืจื™ื
06:35
in April 2011,
108
395558
2590
ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011,
ื•ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื–ื” ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
06:38
and when they were looting the building, they found lots of papers.
109
398172
3144
ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ,
06:41
Among those papers was this binder entitled, "FinFisher."
110
401340
3857
ืžืฆืื• ืชื™ืง ืขื ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช FinFisher.
ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ืง ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช
06:45
And within that binder were notes from a company based in Germany,
111
405221
4836
ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ืจืžื ื™ืช
ืืฉืจ ืžื›ืจื” ืœืžืžืฉืœืช ืžืฆืจื™ื
06:50
which had sold to the Egyptian government
112
410081
3522
ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ื
06:53
a set of tools for intercepting, at a very large scale,
113
413627
4703
ื‘ืขื–ืจืชื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืจื˜
ื‘ืžื™ืžื“ื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
06:58
all the communication of the citizens of the country.
114
418354
3051
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืชื.
ื”ื ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:01
They had sold this tool for 280,000 euros to the Egyptian government.
115
421429
4876
ืชืžื•ืจืช 280,000 ื™ื•ืจื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืช.
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ.
07:06
The company headquarters are right here.
116
426329
2920
ืœื›ืŸ, ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช
07:09
So Western governments are providing totalitarian governments with tools
117
429273
4417
ืžืกืคืงื•ืช ืœืžืฉืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ื˜ืœื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื
07:13
to do this against their own citizens.
118
433714
2248
ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื ื’ื“ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”ืŸ.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื’ื.
07:17
But Western governments are doing it to themselves as well.
119
437293
2977
ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื’ืจืžื ื™ื”,
07:20
For example, in Germany,
120
440294
2171
ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
07:22
just a couple of weeks ago, the so-called "State Trojan" was found,
121
442489
4563
ื ืžืฆื ืกื•ืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™ ื‘ืฉื Scuinst Trojan,
ืกื•ืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™
07:27
which was a Trojan used by German government officials
122
447076
3752
ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื’ืจืžื ื™ื
07:30
to investigate their own citizens.
123
450852
2203
ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
ืื ื ืžืฆืืช ื—ืฉื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืฉื™ืขื”,
07:33
If you are a suspect in a criminal case,
124
453079
3704
07:36
well, it's pretty obvious, your phone will be tapped.
125
456807
2525
ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืื–ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš.
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–ื”.
07:39
But today, it goes beyond that.
126
459356
2242
ื”ื ื™ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœืš.
07:41
They will tap your Internet connection.
127
461622
1919
ื”ื ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืžื• Scuinst Trojan
07:43
They will even use tools like State Trojan
128
463565
2736
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื–ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœืš ืขื ืกื•ืก ื˜ืจื•ื™ืื ื™,
07:46
to infect your computer with a Trojan,
129
466325
2512
07:48
which enables them to watch all your communication,
130
468861
4366
ืžื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื
ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœืš,
ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœืš,
07:53
to listen to your online discussions,
131
473251
2817
ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกื™ืกืžืื•ืช ืฉืœืš.
07:56
to collect your passwords.
132
476092
2101
08:01
Now, when we think deeper about things like these,
133
481816
5220
ืื ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื”,
ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืžืืœื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžืจื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
08:07
the obvious response from people should be,
134
487060
5314
"OK, ื–ื” ื ืฉืžืข ืจืข",
08:12
"OK, well, that sounds bad, but that doesn't really affect me,
135
492398
4242
"ืืš ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœื™ื™, ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืื–ืจื— ืฉื•ืžืจ ื—ื•ืง."
08:16
because I'm a legal citizen.
136
496664
2176
"ืœืžื” ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืื’?"
08:18
Why should I worry? Because I have nothing to hide."
137
498864
2723
"ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ."
ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื˜ืขื ื”
08:23
And this is an argument which doesn't make sense.
138
503373
2447
ื—ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ.
ื™ืฉ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
08:27
Privacy is implied.
139
507237
2809
ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ.
08:30
Privacy is not up for discussion.
140
510070
3665
08:34
This is not a question
141
514538
1872
ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื”
08:36
between privacy
142
516434
4549
ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช
ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
08:41
against security.
143
521007
1690
08:43
It's a question of freedom
144
523729
3555
ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืคืฉ
ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
08:47
against control.
145
527308
1441
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
08:50
And while we might trust our governments right now, right here in 2011,
146
530046
6863
ื›ืจื’ืข, ื›ืืŸ, ื‘- 2011,
08:56
any rights we give away will be given away for good.
147
536933
3439
ื›ืœ ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืžื™ื“.
ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ื ื” ืขื™ื•ื•ืจืช,
09:00
And do we trust, do we blindly trust, any future government,
148
540396
4581
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช
ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•
09:05
a government we might have 50 years from now?
149
545001
3284
ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘- 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช?
ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช
09:11
And these are the questions
150
551460
2786
ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘- 50 ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช.
09:14
that we have to worry about for the next 50 years.
151
554270
3213
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7