Thom Mayne: Architecture is a new way to connect to the world

82,300 views ใƒป 2007-05-17

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Mark Freehoff ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:26
I don't know your name. Audience Member: Howard. Howard.
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ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืš. (ืงื•ืœ ืžื”ืงื”ืœ: ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“. ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“.) ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“,
00:28
Thom Mayne: Howard? I'm sitting next to Howard. I don't know Howard, obviously,
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ืชื•ื ืžื™ื™ืŸ: ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“? ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“. ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“, ืžืŸ ื”ืกืชื,
00:33
and he's going, I hope you're not next.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืื•ืžืจ, ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืืชื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ.
00:35
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:42
Amazing. Amazing performance.
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ืžื“ื”ื™ื. ืžื•ืคืข ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
00:44
I kind of erased everything in my brain to follow that.
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ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžื—ืงืชื™ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื•.
00:49
Let me start some place. I'm interested --
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžืื™ื–ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื•ื. ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ --
00:54
I kind of do the same thing, but I don't move my body. (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืจืš ืื•ืชื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:58
And instead of using human figures to develop ideas of time and space,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืจื—ื‘,
01:09
I work in the mineral world. I work with more or less inert matter.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™. ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื—ืกืจ ืชื ื•ืขืชื™ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:13
And I organize it. And, well, it's also a bit different
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืกื“ืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื ืงืฆืช ืฉื•ื ื”
01:17
because an architect versus, let's say, a dance company
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ื›ื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื ืืžืจ, ืœื”ืงืช ืžื—ื•ืœ
01:21
finally is a negotiation between one's private world,
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ื–ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœืžืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™,
01:26
one's conceptual world, the world of ideas, the world of aspirations,
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ื•ืขื•ืœืžืš ื”ืžื•ืฉื’ื™, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืื™ืคื•ืช,
01:31
of inventions, with the relationship of the exterior world
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ื”ื ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™
01:35
and all the limitations, the naysayers.
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืœืื•.
01:40
Because I have to say, for my whole career,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจื— ืœืืžืจ, ืžืื– ื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ
01:43
if there's anything that's been consistent, it's been that you can't do it.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ื™ ,ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื–ื”.
01:46
No matter what I've done, what I've tried to do,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ืขืฉื™ืชื™, ืžื” ืื ื™ ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
01:48
everybody says it can't be done.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข.
01:50
And it's continuous across the complete spectrum of the various
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ืงืฉืช
01:54
kind of realities that you confront with your ideas.
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ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชืคื’ื•ืฉ ืขื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืชื™ืš.
01:56
And to be an architect, somehow you have to negotiate between left and right,
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ, ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืืœ,
02:01
and you have to negotiate between this very private place where ideas take place
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ื•ืขืœื™ืš ืœืฉืืช ื•ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืจืงืžื™ื
02:05
and the outside world, and then make it understood.
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ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ, ื•ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ืœ.
02:09
I can start any number of places, because this process is also --
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื --
02:14
I think -- very different from some of the morning sessions,
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ื ื“ืžื” ืœื™ -- ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
02:17
which you had such a kind of very clear, such a lineal idea,
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ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื” ื ืงื™,
02:21
like the last one, say, with Howard,
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ื›ืžื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืขื ื”ื•ื•ืืจื“,
02:23
that I think the creative process in architecture,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
02:26
the design process, is extremely circuitous. It's labyrinthine.
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ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืขืงื™ืฃ. ื”ื•ื ื›ืžื‘ื•ืš.
02:31
It's Calvino's idea of the quickest way between two points
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืืœื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช
02:35
is the circuitous line, not the straight line.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืงื• ื”ืขืงื™ืฃ, ืœื ื”ื™ืฉืจ .
02:37
And definitely my life has been part of that.
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ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
02:39
I'm going to start with some simple kind of
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ืื ื™ ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื”
02:41
notions of how we organize things.
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ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
02:43
But basically, what we do is, we try to give coherence to the world.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื, ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืœืขื•ืœื.
02:47
We make physical things, buildings
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื™ื ื’ืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:49
that become a part in an accretional process; they make cities.
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ืฉื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช; ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขืจื™ื.
02:52
And those things are the reflection of the processes,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื,
02:57
and the time that they are made.
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ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื.
02:59
And what I'm doing is attempting to synthesize the way one sees the world
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืกื ืชื– ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืื“ื ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื
03:04
and the territories which are useful as generative material.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื™ืฆืจื ื™.
03:09
Because, really, all I'm interested in, always, as an architect,
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ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ืชืžื™ื“, ื›ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœ,
03:13
is the way things are produced because that's what I do. Right?
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืš ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
03:17
And it's not based on an a priori notion.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•.
03:19
I have no interest at all in conceiving something in my brain
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื™
03:23
and saying, "This is what it looks like." In fact, somebody mentioned --
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ื•ืœืืžืจ," ื›ื›ื” ื–ื” ื ืจืื”." ื”ืืžืช, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ --
03:26
Ewan, maybe it was you in your introduction --
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ื™ื•ืืŸ, ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืฉืœืš --
03:28
about this is what architects --
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ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื --
03:30
did somebody say it's what business people come to,
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืืžืจ ืฉืœื›ืš ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืื ืฉื™ ืขืกืงื™ื,
03:32
it's what the corporate world comes to
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ืฉืœื›ืš ืžื’ื™ืข ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™
03:34
when they want to make it look like something at the end of the line? Huh. Wow.
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ื›ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืจืื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ื‘ืงืฆื” ื”ืงื•? ื”ื. ื•ื•ืื•.
03:38
It doesn't work that way for me at all.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืืฆืœื™ ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
03:40
I have no interest in that whatsoever.
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ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
03:42
Architecture is the beginning of something, because it's --
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื โ€“
03:44
if you're not involved in first principles,
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก,
03:46
if you're not involved in the absolute,
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ืื ืืชื” ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžื•ื—ืœื˜,
03:48
the beginning of that generative process, it's cake decoration.
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ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช, ื”ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืœืขื•ื’ื”.
03:53
And I've nothing wrong with cake decoration and cake decorators,
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ืคืกื•ืœ ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ื˜ ืขื•ื’ื•ืช,
03:56
if anybody's involved in cake decorations --
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ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื›ืš --
03:58
it's not what I'm interested in doing. (Laughter)
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:00
And so, in the formation of things, in giving it form,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจื”,
04:05
in concretizing these things,
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ื‘ื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”,
04:08
it starts with some notion of how one organizes.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœ ื‘ืกื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืืจื’ื ื™ื.
04:11
And I've had for 30 years an interest in a series of complexities
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืจ 30 ืฉื ื™ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช
04:16
where a series of forces are brought to bear,
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ืฉื‘ื• ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื™ื ,
04:19
and to understand the nature of the final result of that,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช,
04:23
representing the building itself.
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ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•.
04:26
There's been a continual relationship between inventions,
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ืงื™ื™ื ืงืฉืจ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช,
04:30
which are private, and reality, which has been important to me.
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื“ื ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื™.
04:34
A project which is part of an exhibition in Copenhagen 10 years ago,
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ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื ื”ื’ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ 10 ืฉื ื™ื,
04:39
which was the modeling of a hippocampus --
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืคื•ืงืžืคื•ืก --
04:41
the territory of the brain that records short-term memory --
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ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฆืจ --
04:44
and the documentation of that, the imaginative and documentation of that
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ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื›ืš
04:48
through a series of drawings which literally attempt to organize that experience.
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ื“ืจืš ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื ืกื™ื, ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•, ืœืกื“ืจ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื”.
04:53
And it had to do with the notion of walking a kilometer,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœืœื›ืช ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
04:57
observing every kilometer a particular object of desire,
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ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ื—ืคืฅ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•
05:00
and then placing that within this.
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื”..
05:02
And the notion was that I could make an organization
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ
05:05
not built on normal coherencies, but built on non-sequiturs, built on randomness.
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ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื™ ืœืœื ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช.
05:11
And I'd been extremely interested in this notion of randomness
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช
05:14
as it produces architectural work
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช
05:16
and as it definitely connects to the notion of the city,
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
05:18
an accretional notion of the city,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ,
05:20
and that led to various ideas of organization.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
05:23
And then this led to broader ideas of buildings
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื
05:26
that come together through the multiplicity of systems.
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ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื“ืจืš ื”ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช.
05:30
And it's not any single system that makes the work.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื—ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
05:33
It's the relationship -- it's the dynamics between the systems --
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ื–ื” ื”ืงืฉืจ - ื–ื” ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช --
05:36
which have the power to transform and invent
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ืœื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื
05:39
and produce an architecture that is -- that would otherwise not exist.
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ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” -- ืฉืื—ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช.
05:45
And those systems could be identified,
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ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื–ื•ื”ื•ืช,
05:47
and they could be grouped together.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื‘ืฆื•ืช.
05:48
And of course, today, with the technology of the computer
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ื, ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘
05:51
and with the rapid prototyping, etc., we have the mechanisms
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ืขื ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ื˜ื™ื™ืคื™ื ื’ ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ื• ', ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื
05:55
to understand and to respond to these systems,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื”,
05:58
and to allow them to adjust to the various accommodations of functionalities
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ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช
06:03
because that's all we do.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื.
06:05
We're producing spaces that accommodate human activity.
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ืื ื• ืืชื” ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ื—ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
06:08
And what I'm interested in is not the styling of that,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
06:11
but the relationship of that as it enhances that activity.
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ืืœื ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
06:17
And that directly connects to ideas of city-making.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื™ืจ.
06:20
This is a project that we just finished in Penang
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ื–ื”ื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ื‘ืคื ื ื’
06:22
for a very, very large city project that came directly out of this process,
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขื™ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”,
06:26
which is the result of the multiplicity of forces that produce it.
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื™ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
06:32
And the project -- again, enormous, enormous competition --
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ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ โ€“ ืฉื•ื‘, ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”, ืขืฆื•ืžื” --
06:34
on the Hudson River and in New York
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ืขืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ื“ืกื•ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง
06:36
that we were asked to do three years ago, which uses these processes.
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ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
06:39
And what you're looking at are possibilities that have to do
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช
06:42
with the generation of the city as one applies a methodology
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ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื—ื™ืœ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
06:48
that uses notions of these multiple forces,
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
06:51
that deals with the enormity of the problem, the complexity of the problem,
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ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”,
06:56
when we're designing cities at larger and larger aggregates.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื’ื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื.
06:59
Because one of the issues today is
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ื›ื™ ืื—ืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื
07:01
that the economic aggregate is driving the development aggregate,
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ื›ื™ ื”ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžื ื™ืขื” ืืช ื”ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื™ืช,
07:06
and as the aggregates get larger we require
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ืื’ืจื’ืฆื™ื” ื’ื“ืœื” ืื ื—ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื
07:08
more and more complex investigation processes to solve these problems.
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ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
07:13
And that led us directly to the Olympic Village.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™.
07:16
I was in New York on Monday presenting it to the IOC.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื’ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืช.
07:19
We won the competition -- what was it, nine months ago?
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ื–ื›ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช - ืžืชื™ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื?
07:23
Again, a direct reflection from using these processes
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ืฉืชืงืคื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื•
07:26
to develop extremely complicated, very large-scale organisms.
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ืœืคืชื— ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื‘ื›ื™ื, ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“.
07:31
And then, also, was working with broad strategies.
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื’ื, ื”ื™ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช.
07:34
In this case, we only used 15 of the 60 acres of land,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ืจืง ื‘ 60 ืž 240 ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื“ืžื”,
07:39
and the 45 acres was a park and would become the legacy of the Olympic Village.
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ื•- 180 ื“ื•ื ื ื”ื™ื• ืคืืจืง, ืฉื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™.
07:43
And it would become the second largest park in the boroughs, etc.
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ื•ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืืจืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœื• ื‘ืจื‘ืขื™ื, ื•ื›ื•'.
07:47
Its position, of course, in the middle of Manhattan -- it's on Hunter's Point.
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ืžื™ืงื•ืžื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืžื ื”ื˜ืŸ - ื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ืื ื˜ืจ ืคื•ื™ื ื˜.
07:51
And then the broader ideas of city-making
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ื•ืื– ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขืจื™ื
07:55
start having direct influences on architecture,
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ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช,
07:58
on the elements that make up the broader scheme,
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ืขืœ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
08:01
the buildings themselves, and start guiding us.
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ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื•.
08:06
Architecture for me has been an investigation of a multiplicity of forces
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช
08:10
that could come from literally any place.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื• ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื.
08:12
And so I can start this discussion in any number of places,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช,
08:16
and I've chosen three or four to talk about.
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ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื.
08:19
And it has also to do with an interest in
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
08:24
the vast kind of territory that architecture touches.
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ื‘ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื”.
08:28
It literally is connected to anything in terms of knowledge base.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ ืžืื’ืจ ื™ื“ืข.
08:33
There's just no place that it doesn't somehow
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ืื™ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืœื ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื•
08:36
have a connective tissue to.
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ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืืœื™ื•.
08:38
This is Jim Dine, and it's the absence of presence, etc.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’'ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืขื“ืจ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื• '.
08:41
It's the clothing, the skin, without the presence of the character.
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ื–ื” ื”ืœื‘ื•ืฉ, ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืœืœื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช.
08:45
It became kind of an idea for the notion of the surface of a work,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
08:49
and it was used in a project where we could unravel that surface,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—,
08:54
and it was a figurative idea that was going to be folded
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ืฉืขืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืœ
08:58
and made into a very, kind of complex space.
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ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘.
09:01
And the idea was the relationship of the space,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ,
09:04
which was made up of the fold of the image,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืงื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”,
09:07
and the dialectic or the conflict between the figuration,
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ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืืœืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช,
09:12
and the clarity of the image
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ื•ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
09:14
and the complexity of the space, which were in dialog.
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ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื“ื•-ืฉื™ื—.
09:17
And it made us rethink the whole notion of how we work
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื’ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
09:20
and how we make things,
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ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
09:22
and it led us to ideas that were closer to fashion design as we flattened out surfaces,
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืื•ืคื ื” ื›ืฉืฉื™ื˜ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
09:28
and then brought them back together as they could make spatial combinations.
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ื•ืื– ื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืื•ืชื ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืฉื”ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื.
09:31
And this was the first prototype in Korea,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจื™ืื”,
09:34
as we're dealing with a dynamic envelope,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช,
09:37
and then the same characteristic of the fabric.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื“.
09:40
It has a material identity and it's translucent and it's porous,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ื ืงื‘ื•ื‘ื™
09:45
and it allows us for a very different notion of what a skin of a building is.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
09:49
And that turned right away into another project.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืžื™ื“ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืื—ืจ.
09:51
This is the Caltrans building in Los Angeles.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืœื˜ืจื ืก ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
09:54
And now we're seeing as the skin and the body is differentiated.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื•ื‘ื“ืœื™ื.
09:58
Again, it's a very, very simple notion.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ื–ื”ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
10:00
If you look at most buildings,
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ืื ืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื,
10:02
what you look at is the building, the facade, and it is the building.
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ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื—ื–ื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
10:04
And all of a sudden we're kind of moving away,
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ืคืชืื•ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉื,
10:06
and we're separating the skin from the body,
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ื•ื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืžืคืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
10:08
and that's going to lead to broader performance criteria,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:10
which I'm going to talk about in a minute.
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ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื•ื“ ื“ืงื”.
10:12
And you're looking at how it drapes over
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ื•ืืชื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืคืœ
10:14
and differentiates from the body.
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ื•ืžื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
10:16
And then, again, the building itself,
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ื•ืื–, ืฉื•ื‘, ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•,
10:19
middle of Los Angeles, right across from City Hall.
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ืžืจื›ื– ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.
10:22
And as it moves, it takes pieces of the earth with it. It bends up.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืข, ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืงื— ืคื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืื™ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืžืชื›ื•ืคืฃ.
10:25
It's part of a sign system,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜,
10:27
which was part of the kind of legacy of Los Angeles --
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืกื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก -
10:29
the two-dimension, three-dimension signing, etc.
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื“ื•-ืžืžื“ื™, ืชืœืช-ืžืžื“ื™ , ื•ื›ื• '.
10:33
And then it allows one to penetrate the work itself.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื“ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”.
10:37
It's transparent, and it allows you to understand, I think,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืฃ, ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืชื™,
10:41
what is always the most interesting thing in any building,
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ืžื” ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ,
10:43
which is the actual constructional processes that make it.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
10:46
And it's probably the most intense kind of territory
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ื ืจืื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:51
of the work, which is not occupied,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืืฉืจ ืœื ืžืื•ื›ืœืก,
10:53
because architecture is always the most interesting in some mechanism
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื
10:56
when it's separated from function,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื•ืช,
10:58
and this is an area that allows for that.
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ื•ื–ื” ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื”.
11:00
And then the skin starts transforming into other materials.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
11:03
We're using light as a building material in this case.
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ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”.
11:05
We're working with Keith Sonnier in New York,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ืงื™ืช ืกื•ื ื™ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง,
11:07
and we're making this large outside room,
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ื•ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื–ื”,
11:09
which is possible in Los Angeles, and which is very much reflective
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ืฉืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืงืฃ
11:13
of the urban, the contemporary urban environments
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ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืช ื–ืžื ื ื•
11:16
that you would find in Shibuya or you'd find in Mexico City
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ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื™ื” ืื• ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื• ืกื™ื˜ื™
11:19
or Sao Paulo, etc.,
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ืื• ืกืื• ืคืื•ืœื•, ื•ืขื•ื“.,
11:21
that have to do with activating the city over a longer span of time.
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš.
11:25
And that was very much part of the notion
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
11:27
of the urban objective of this project in Los Angeles.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื” ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
11:31
And, again, all of it promoting transparency.
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื™ื“ื ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช.
11:35
And an image which may be closest talks about the use of light as a medium,
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ื•ืชืžื•ื ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืจ ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ,
11:42
that light becomes literally a building material.
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ืื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืžืžืฉ ืœื—ื•ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
11:45
Well, that immediately turned into something much broader, and as a scope.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืจื—ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื›ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
11:49
And again, we're looking at an early sketch
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืกืงื™ืฆื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช
11:53
where I'm understanding now
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ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื›ืขืช
11:55
that the skin can be a transition between the ground and the tower.
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ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ.
11:58
This is a building in San Francisco which is under construction.
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ื–ื”ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกืŸ ืคืจื ืกื™ืกืงื• ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
12:01
And now it turned into something much, much broader as a problem,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื”ืคืš ืœืžืฉื”ื• ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืขื™ื”,
12:05
and it has to do with performance.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื.
12:07
This will be the first building in the United States that took --
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ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉืœืงื—-
12:10
well, I can't say it took the air conditioning out. It's a hybrid.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ. ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™.
12:12
I wanted a pure thing, and I can't get it.
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ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ, ื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื•.
12:14
It's a wrong attitude, actually, because the hybrid is probably more interesting.
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื”ื™ื‘ืจื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช.
12:17
But we took the air conditioning out of the tower.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืžื”ืžื’ื“ืœ.
12:19
There's some air conditioning left in the base,
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ื™ืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ืื•ื™ืจ ืฉื ืฉืืจ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก,
12:21
but the skin now moves on hydraulics.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืขื•ืจ ื–ื– ื›ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื“ืจืื•ืœื™ืงื”.
12:23
It forces air through a Venturi force if there's no wind.
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ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื—ืง ืื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื•ื ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืื ืื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—.
12:27
It adjusts continually. And we removed the air conditioning.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืœื ื”ืจืฃ. ื”ื•ืฆืื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื–ื•ื’.
12:30
Huge, huge thing. Half a million dollars a year delta.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืง, ืขื ืง. ื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
12:34
10 of these -- it's just under a million square feet --
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10 ื›ืืœื” โ€“ ื”ื•ื ื›ืžืขื˜ 80 ืืœืฃ ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืขื™ื --
12:36
800 and some thousand square feet --
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75 ืืœืฃ ืžื˜ืจ ืžืจื•ื‘ืข --
12:38
10 of these would power Sausalito -- the delta on this.
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10 ื›ืืœื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืชืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืกืกื•ืœื™ื˜ื• -- ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื–ื”.
12:41
And so now what we're looking at, as the projects get larger in scale,
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื, ื›ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื,
12:44
as they interface with broader problems,
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:49
that they expand the capabilities
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ืฉื”ื ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช
12:52
in terms of their performance.
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
12:55
Well, I could also start here.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื›ืืŸ.
12:57
We could talk about the relationship
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ
12:59
at a more biological sense of the relationship of building and ground.
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืงืจืงืข.
13:03
Well, our research -- my generation for sure,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื ื• โ€“ ื”ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—,
13:06
people who were going to school in the late '60s --
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื-
13:08
made very much a shift out of the internal focus of architecture,
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ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ืžื”ืคื•ืงื•ืก ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื”,
13:14
looking at architecture within its own territory,
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ื›ืฉืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœื”,
13:16
and we were much more affected by film,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืฉืคืขื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
13:18
by what was going on in the art world, etc.
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ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืžื” ืฉืงืจื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื• '.
13:20
This is, of course, Michael Heizer.
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ื–ื”ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื”ื™ื™ื–ืจ.
13:22
And when I saw this, first an image and then visited,
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ื•ื›ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ,
13:26
it completely changed the way I thought after that point.
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ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื•.
13:30
And I understood that building really could be
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ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
13:32
the augmentation of the Earth's surface,
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ืจื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
13:34
and it completely shifted the notion of building ground in the most basic sense.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
13:39
And then -- well, he was probably looking at this -- this is Nazca;
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ื•ืื– โ€“ ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ,ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” - ื–ื” ื ืืกืงื”;
13:42
this is 700 years ago -- the most amazing four-kilometer land sculptures.
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ื”ื ืžืœืคื ื™ 700 ืฉื ื™ื โ€“ื”ืคืกืœื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ.
13:49
They're just totally incredible.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื™ื.
13:51
And that led us to then completely rethinking how we draw, how we work.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
13:55
This is the first sketch of a high school in Pomona --
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืฉืจื˜ื•ื˜ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืžื•ื ื” --
13:58
well, whatever it is, a model, a conceptual, kind of idea.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื”, ืžื•ื“ืœ, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ื•ืืœื™.
14:02
And it's the reshaping of the Earth to make it occupiable.
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ื•ื–ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘.
14:06
So it puts 200,000 square feet of stuff that make a high school work
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžื›ื ื™ืก 18,000 ืž"ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“
14:11
in the surface of that Earth.
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ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื–ื”.
14:13
There it is modeled as it was developing into a piece of work.
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ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืžืขื•ืฆื‘ ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืชื™ื›ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
14:16
And there it is, again, as it's starting to get resolved tectonically,
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ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื˜ืงื˜ื•ื ื™ืช,
14:20
and then there's the school.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
14:22
And, of course,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ,
14:24
we're interested in participating with education.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืขื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
14:26
I have absolutely no interest in producing a building
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:28
that just accommodates X, Y and Z function.
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ืืฉืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืจืง ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ X, Y ื•- Z.
14:30
What I'm interested in are how these ideas
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ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ื–ื” ืื™ืš ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื”
14:32
participate in the educational process of young people.
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ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
14:35
It demands some sort of notion of inquiry
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ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ ื—ืงื™ืจื”
14:37
because it's a system that's developed not sculpturally.
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ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืžืคื•ืชื—ืช ืœื ืคื™ืกื•ืœื™ืช.
14:39
It's an idea that started from my first discussion.
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ื–ื”ื• ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™.
14:42
It has to do with a broad, consistent logic,
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ืจื—ื‘, ืขืงื‘ื™,
14:45
and that logic could be understood as one occupies the building.
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ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื›ืฉืžืื›ืœืกื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ.
14:49
And there's an overt -- at least,
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ื•ื™ืฉ - ืœืคื—ื•ืช,
14:51
there's an attempt to make a very overt notion of a building
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ื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื•ืฉื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
14:54
that connects to the land in a very different way
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ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืื•ื“
14:56
because I was interested in a very didactic approach to the problem,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื™ื“ืงื˜ื™ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื”,
14:59
as one would understand that.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
15:01
And the second project that was just finished in Los Angeles
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ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก
15:03
that uses some of the same ideas. It uses landscape as a major idea.
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ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืื•ืชื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืฃ ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
15:07
Then, again, we're doing the headquarters for NOAA --
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ NOAA-
15:10
National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Agency --
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ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืื•ืงื™ืื ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ืื˜ืžื•ืกืคืจื” --
15:13
outside of Washington in Maryland.
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ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจื™ืœื ื“.
15:15
And this is how they see the world.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
15:17
They have 22 satellites zipping around at plus or minus 100 miles,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื 22 ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืขืคื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš 160 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ,
15:21
and the site's in red.
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ื•ื”ืืชืจ ื‘ืื“ื•ื.
15:23
And what we really want to do -- well, the architects,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช - ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื,
15:26
if there are architects out there, this is the Laugier Hut;
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ืื ื™ืฉื ื ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื‘ืงืชืช ืœืื•ื’ื™ื™ืจ;
15:29
this is the primitive hut that's been around for so long --
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืชื” ื”ืคืจื™ืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘ --
15:31
and what we wanted to do is really build this,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”
15:33
because they see themselves as the caretakers of the world,
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ื›ื™ ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
15:37
and we wanted them to look down at their satellite,
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื ื™ืกืชื›ืœื• ืœืžื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
15:39
how they see their own site, that eight-acre site,
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ืฉืœื”ื, ืืชืจ32 ื”ื“ื•ื ื,
15:41
and we wanted nothing left. We wanted it to stay green.
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ื™ืฉืืจ ื›ืœื•ื. ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืืจ ื™ืจื•ืง.
15:44
There's actually three baseball fields on it right now,
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ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
15:46
and they're going to stay there.
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืฉื.
15:47
We put one piece directly north-south,
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ืฉืžื ื• ื—ืชื™ื›ื” ืื—ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ-ื“ืจื•ื,
15:49
and it holds the dishes at the ears, right?
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ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืืช ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืฆื•ื•ืช, ื›ืŸ?
15:52
And then right below that the processing, and the mission lift,
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ื•ืื– ืžื™ื™ื“ ืžืชื—ืช ืœื–ื” ื”ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“, ื•ืžืขืœื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”,
15:55
and the mission control room, and all the other spaces are underground.
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ื•ื—ื“ืจ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”, ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ื.
15:59
And what you look at is an aircraft carrier
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืชื” ืจื•ืื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื
16:01
that's performance-driven by the cone vision of these satellite dishes.
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ืฉืžื•ื ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ืจื•ื˜ ืฆืœื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ.
16:05
And that the building itself is occupied in the lower portion,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื• ืžืื•ื›ืœืก ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ืชื—ืชื•ืŸ,
16:09
broken up by a series of courts,
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ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื,
16:11
and it's five acres of uninterrupted, horizontal space
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ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉืจื™ื ื“ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื— ืื•ืคืงื™ ืœืœื ื”ืคืจืขื”,
16:14
for their administrative offices.
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ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
16:17
And then that, in turn, propelled us to look at
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ื•ืื– ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื•ืจื•, ื’ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ
16:20
larger-scale projects where this notion of landscape building interface
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ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืฃ
16:24
becomes a connective tissue.
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ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืจืงืžืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
16:26
The new capital competition for Berlin, four years ago.
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ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ, ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
16:32
And again we just finished the ECB --
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืกื™ื™ืžื ื• ืืช ื” ECB --
16:34
actually Coop Himmelblau in Vienna just won this project,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ืค ื”ื™ืžืœื‘ืœืื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”,
16:37
where the building was separated into a series of landscape elements
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ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืคืจื“ ืœืชื•ืš ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืืœืžื ื˜ื™ ื ื•ืฃ
16:43
that became part of a connective tissue of a park,
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ืฉื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืจืงืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืืจืง,
16:46
which is parallel to the river, and develops ideas of the buildings themselves
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ืืฉืจ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื”ืจ, ื•ืžืคืชื— ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืขืฆืžื
16:52
and becomes part of the connective fabric --
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžืžืืจื’ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ-
16:55
the social, cultural and the landscape, recreational fabric of the city.
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ืžืืจื’ ื”ื ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื ื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
17:00
And the building is no longer seen as an autonomous thing,
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ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื ืจืื” ืขื•ื“ ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™,
17:02
but something that's only inextricably connected
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ืืœื ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืจื™
17:04
to this city and this place at this time.
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ืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
17:06
And a project that was realized in Austria, the Hooper Bank,
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ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืฉืจ ืžื•ืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืกื˜ืจื™ื”, ื‘ื ืง ื”ื•ืคืจ,
17:10
which again used this idea of connecting typology,
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ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
17:13
the traditional buildings, and morphology,
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ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื•ืจืคื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
17:16
or the relationship of the development of land as an idea,
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ืื• ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื›ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
17:19
into a complex, which is a piece of a city where we can see part of it
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ืœืงื•ืžืคืœืงืก, ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื™ืกืช ืขื™ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื•
17:23
is literally just this augmenting,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืจืง ืžืจื•ื‘ื“ ื›ืš,
17:25
this movement of the land that's a very simple idea of
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ืชื ื•ืขื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉืœ
17:28
just lifting it up and occupying it,
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ืจืง ื”ืจืžืชื• ืžืขืœื”, ื•ืื›ืœื•ืกื•,
17:29
and other parts are much more energetic and intense.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื.
17:32
And talk about that intensity
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ื•ืื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”
17:34
in terms of the collisions of the kind of events they make
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื
17:38
that have to do with putting a series of systems together,
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ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช,
17:40
and then where part of it is in the ground, part of it is oppositional lifts.
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ื•ืื– ื—ืœืง ืžืžื ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื“ืžื”, ื—ืœืงื• ืžืชืจื•ืžื ืžืžื•ืœ.
17:44
One enters the building as it lifts off the ground,
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ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืจื•ืžื ืžื”ืื“ืžื”,
17:47
and it becomes part of the idea.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ.
17:49
And then the skin -- the edges of this --
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืจ -- ื”ืงืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” --
17:52
all promote the dynamic, the movement of the building
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžืงื“ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”
17:55
as a series of seismic shifts, geologic shifts. Right?
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ื›ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ืกื™ื™ืกืžื™ื•ืช, ืชื–ื•ื–ื•ืช ื’ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืŸ?
18:00
And it makes for event space and then it breaks in places
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืื– ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช
18:04
that allow you to peer into the interior, and those interiors, again,
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ืืฉืจ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ืฅ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ืœืœื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืฉื•ื‘,
18:07
are promoting transparency for the workplace,
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ื”ื ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
18:09
which has been a continual interest of ours.
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ืฉื–ื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืžืฉืš ืืฆืœื ื•.
18:14
And then, again, in a more, kind of traditional setting,
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘,ื‘ื“ืจืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช,
18:17
this is a graduate student housing in Toronto,
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ื–ื” ืžื’ื•ืจื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•,
18:19
and it's very much about the relationship of a building
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืžืื•ื“ ืœืงืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ
18:23
as it makes a connective tissue to the city.
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืจืงืžืช ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
18:25
The main idea was the gateway, where it breaks the site,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉืขืจ, ืฉื‘ื• ื ืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืืชืจ,
18:28
and the building occupies both the public space and the private space.
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ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืชื•ืคืฉ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
18:32
And it's that territory of -- it's this thing.
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- ื–ื” ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืฉืœ - ื–ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
18:36
I visited the site many times, and everybody, kind of --
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ื‘ื™ืงืจืชื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•ืœื, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ -
18:39
you can see this from two kilometers away; it's an exact center of the street,
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœืจืื•ืช ื–ืืช ืžืžืจื—ืง ืฉื ื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืฉื; ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื•ื‘,
18:43
and the whole notion is to engage the public,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
18:45
to engage buildings as part of the public tissue of the city.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจืงืžื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
18:51
And finally, one of the most interesting projects -- it's a courthouse.
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื—ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
18:55
And what I want to talk about -- this is the Supreme Court, of course --
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ื•ืขืœ ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ -- ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ --
18:58
and, well, I'm dealing with Michael Hogan, the Chief Justice of Oregon.
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ื•ื›ืŸ, ื’ื, ืื ื™ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื™ืงืœ ื”ื•ื’ืืŸ, ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ.
19:02
You could not proceed without making this negotiation
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ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื–ื”
19:06
between one's own values and the relationship
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ
19:10
of the character you're working with and how he understands the court,
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ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ืื™ืชื” ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
19:14
because I'm showing him, of course, Corbusier at Savoy,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื’ ืœื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืงื•ืจื‘ื•ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืกื•ื•ื™,
19:17
which is 1928, which is the beginning of modern architecture.
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ืืฉืจ ื‘1928, ืฉื–ื” ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช.
19:20
Well, then we get to this image.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื•.
19:23
And this is where the project started. Because I'm going,
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ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“,
19:27
I'm interested in the phenomenon that's taking place in here.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืžืชื—ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืืŸ.
19:32
And really what we're talking about is constructing reality.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
19:36
And I'm a character that's extremely interested
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ื•ืื ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืžืžืฉ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ
19:38
in understanding the nature of that constructed reality
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ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื” ื”ื”ื™ื
19:41
because there's no such thing as nature any more. Nature is gone.
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ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื–ื” ื˜ื‘ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื ืขืœื.
19:45
Nature in the 19th-century sense, alright?
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19, ื‘ืกื“ืจ?
19:47
Nature is only a cultural edifice today, right?
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ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืžื‘ื ื” ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
19:50
We construct it and we construct those ideas.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”.
19:53
And then of course, this one, our governor at the moment.
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื–ื”, ื”ืžื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข.
19:56
And we spent some time with Conan, believe it or not,
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ื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืขื ืงื•ื ืืŸ, ืชืืžื™ื ื• ืื• ืœื,
20:01
and then that led us to, kind of, the very differences of our worlds
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื•, ืžืขื™ืŸ,ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•
20:05
from a legal and an artistic, architectural.
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช, ืืžื ื•ืชื™ืช, ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ืช.
20:07
And it forced us to talk about notions of how we work,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื™ื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื,
20:11
and the dynamics of that, and what other sources of the work is.
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ื•ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืžื”ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
20:14
And it led us to the project, the courthouse,
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜,
20:17
which is absolutely a part of a negotiation
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ
20:20
between tradition and pieces of the traditional courthouse.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ืจืช ื•ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืชื™.
20:23
You'll find a stair that's the same length as the Supreme Court.
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ืชืžืฆื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืจืš ื–ื”ื” ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.
20:25
Here's a piano nobile, which is a device used in the Renaissance.
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ื”ื ื” ืคื™ืื ื• ื ื•ื‘ื™ืœื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื ืกืื ืก.
20:28
The courts were made of that. The skin is this series of layers
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ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ืขืฉื• ืžืžื ื•. ื”ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืกื“ืจื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช
20:32
that reflect even rusticated stonework,
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ืฉืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืืคื™ืœื• ืื‘ืŸ ื›ืคืจื™ืช,
20:35
but which were embedded with fragments of the Constitution,
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื˜ื‘ืขื• ืขื ืฉื‘ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื”,
20:39
which were part of the little process,
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ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื˜ืŸ,
20:41
all set on a plinth that defined it from the community.
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ื›ื•ืœื ืขืœ ืื“ืŸ ืฉืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
20:43
Thank you so much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
20:45
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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