Your body was forged in the spectacular death of stars | Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

60,054 views

2020-01-15 ・ TED


New videos

Your body was forged in the spectacular death of stars | Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

60,054 views ・ 2020-01-15

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
0
0
7000
Prevoditelj: Nina Bassi Recezent: Sanda L
00:13
We are all atomically connected.
1
13714
2817
Svi smo povezani na atomskoj razini.
00:16
Fundamentally, universally.
2
16913
2951
Fundamentalno, univerzalno.
00:19
But what does that mean?
3
19888
1601
Ali što to znači?
00:22
I'm an astrophysicist, and as such,
4
22673
2952
Ja sam astrofizičar, i kao takav,
00:25
it is my responsibility to trace the cosmic history
5
25649
4035
moja je odgovornost pratiti kozmičku povijest
00:29
of every single one of your atoms.
6
29708
2805
svakog pojedinog vašeg atoma.
00:33
In fact, I would say
7
33394
2219
U stvari, rekao bih
00:35
that one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy
8
35637
3559
kako je jedno od najvećih postignuća moderne astronomije
00:39
is the understanding of how our atoms were actually put together.
9
39220
5166
razumijevanje kako su se naši atomi složili.
00:45
While hydrogen and helium were made
10
45823
2841
Dok su se stvarali vodik i helij
00:48
during the first two minutes of the big bang,
11
48688
3072
tijekom prve dvije minute Velikog praska,
00:51
the origin of heavy elements,
12
51784
2396
nastanak teških metala,
00:54
such as the iron in your blood, the oxygen we're breathing,
13
54204
4310
kao željeza u vašoj krvi, kisika kojeg udišemo,
00:58
the silicone in your computers,
14
58538
2285
silikona u vašim računalima,
01:00
lies in the life cycle of stars.
15
60847
3135
leži u životnom ciklusu zvijezda.
01:05
Nuclear reactions take lighter elements and transform them into heavier ones,
16
65388
6023
Nuklearne reakcije koriste lakše elemente i pretvaraju ih u one teže,
01:11
and that causes stars to shine
17
71435
2508
i zbog toga zvijezde sjaje
01:13
and ultimately explode,
18
73967
2093
a na kraju i eksplodiraju,
01:16
therefore enriching the universe with these heavy elements.
19
76084
5413
i tako obogaćuju svemir teškim elementima.
01:21
So without stellar death
20
81966
4258
Tako da bez smrti zvijezda
01:27
there would be no oxygen
21
87101
2190
ne bi bilo kisika
01:29
or other elements heavier than hydrogen and helium,
22
89315
3571
ili ostalih elemenata težih od vodika i helija,
01:32
and therefore, there would be no life.
23
92910
2526
stoga ne bi bilo ni života.
01:36
There are more atoms in our bodies
24
96149
3556
Postoji više atoma u našim tijelima
01:39
than stars in the universe.
25
99729
1944
nego zvijezda u svemiru.
01:42
And these atoms are extremely durable.
26
102642
2533
I ovi atomi su nevjerojatno postojani.
01:45
The origins of our atoms
27
105737
2167
Postanak naših atoma
01:47
can be traceable to stars that manufactured them in their interiors
28
107928
5357
može se pratiti do zvijezda koje su ih stvorile u svojoj unutrašnjosti
01:53
and exploded them all across the Milky Way,
29
113309
4221
i izbacile van diljem cijele Mliječne staze
01:57
billions of years ago.
30
117554
1984
prije više milijardi godina.
02:00
And I should know this,
31
120006
1428
I valjda ja to znam,
02:01
because I am indeed a certified stellar mortician.
32
121458
3124
zato što sam ja priznati zvjezdani mrtvozornik.
02:04
(Laughter)
33
124884
1479
(Smijeh)
02:06
And today, I want to take you on a journey that starts in a supernova explosion
34
126387
5746
A danas vas želim odvesti na putovanje koje počinje u eksploziji supernove
02:12
and ends with the air that we're breathing right now.
35
132157
3570
i završava zrakom kojeg mi sada udišemo.
02:18
So what is our body made of?
36
138578
1867
Dakle, od čega je napravljeno naše tijelo?
02:21
Ninety-six percent consists of only four elements:
37
141189
5662
96 posto sastoji se od samo četiri elementa:
02:27
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
38
147490
3958
vodika, ugljika, kisika i dušika.
02:33
Now the main character of this cosmic tale is oxygen.
39
153220
4333
Glavnu ulogu u ovoj kozmičkoj priči ima kisik.
02:39
Not only is the vast majority of our bodies made of oxygen,
40
159061
4731
Ne samo da je većina naših tijela građena od kisika,
02:43
but oxygen is the one element fighting to protect life on earth.
41
163816
4706
nego je kisik i jedini element koji se bori kako bi zaštitio život na Zemlji.
02:49
The vast majority of oxygen in the universe
42
169490
2365
Većina kisika u svemiru
02:51
was indeed produced over the entire history of the universe
43
171879
5047
zaista je proizvedena kroz cijelu povijest svemira
02:56
in these supernova explosions.
44
176950
2000
u ovim eksplozijama supernove.
02:59
These supernova explosions signal the demise of very massive stars.
45
179760
4690
Ove eksplozije supernove označavaju smrt ogromnih zvijezda.
03:04
And for a brilliant month,
46
184474
2333
I jedan cijeli mjesec
03:06
one supernova explosion can be brighter than an entire galaxy
47
186831
4175
eksplozija jedne supernove može biti svjetlija nego cijela galaksija
03:11
containing billions of stars.
48
191030
2412
koja sadrži milijarde zvijezda.
03:13
That is truly remarkable.
49
193823
1667
To je zaista nevjerojatno.
03:17
That is because massive stars burn brighter
50
197046
4880
To je zato što masivne zvijezde više izgaraju
03:21
and have a spectacular death, compared to other stars.
51
201950
3952
i imaju spektakularne smrti u usporedbi s drugim zvijezdama.
03:26
Nuclear fusion is really the lifeblood of all stars,
52
206728
3516
Nuklearna fuzija žila je kucavica svih zvijezda,
03:30
including the sun,
53
210268
1599
uključujući i Sunce,
03:31
and as a result is the root source of all the energy on earth.
54
211891
4444
što rezultira time da je i glavni izvor energije na Zemlji.
03:37
You can think of stars as these fusion factories
55
217724
4313
Možete gledati na zvijezde kao tvornice fuzije
03:42
which are powered by smashing atoms together
56
222061
2945
koje pokreće sudaranje atoma
03:45
in their hot and dense interiors.
57
225030
2309
u njihovim vrućim i gustim unutrašnjostima.
03:47
Now, stars like our sun,
58
227641
2555
Zvijezde kao naše Sunce,
03:50
which are relatively small,
59
230220
1484
koje su relativno male,
03:51
burn hydrogen into helium,
60
231728
2214
izgaraju vodik u helij,
03:53
but heavier stars of about eight times the mass of the sun
61
233966
3785
ali zvijezde koje teže oko osam masi Sunca
03:57
continue this burning cycle
62
237775
2476
nastavljaju ciklus izgaranja
04:00
even after they exhausted their helium in their cores.
63
240275
3649
i nakon što su iscrpile sav helij iz jezgre.
04:05
So at this point,
64
245386
1882
Tako da je u tom trenutku
04:07
the massive star is left with a carbon core,
65
247292
3166
masivna zvijezda ostala s ugljikovom jezgrom
04:10
which, as you know, is the building block of life.
66
250482
3186
koja je, kao što znate, sastavnica života.
04:14
This carbon core continues to collapse
67
254784
3730
Ova jezgra od ugljika nastavlja se urušavati,
04:18
and as a result, the temperature increases,
68
258538
2507
što rezultira porastom temperature,
04:21
which allows further nuclear reactions to take place,
69
261069
3954
što omogućava da se dogode daljnje nuklearne reakcije,
04:25
and carbon then burns into oxygen,
70
265047
2628
ugljik tada izgara u kisik,
04:27
into neon, silicon, sulphur
71
267699
3666
u neon, silikon, sulfor
04:31
and ultimately iron.
72
271389
1619
i na kraju u željezo.
04:33
And iron is the end.
73
273667
1864
A željezo označava kraj.
04:36
Why?
74
276569
1150
Zašto?
04:37
Because iron is the most bound nuclei in the universe,
75
277743
2535
Zato što željezo ima najveću energiju vezanja u svemiru,
04:40
which means that we cannot extract energy by burning iron.
76
280302
4401
što znači kako ne možemo dobiti energiju izgaranjem željeza.
04:45
So when the entire core of the massive star is made of iron,
77
285268
5658
Tako da kada je jezgra masivne zvijezde potpuno napravljena od željeza,
04:50
it's run out of fuel.
78
290950
1400
ostala je bez goriva.
04:52
And that's an incredibly bad day for a star.
79
292871
3135
I to je jako loš dan za zvijezdu.
04:56
(Laughter)
80
296030
3626
(Smijeh)
05:00
Without fuel, it cannot generate heat,
81
300395
2787
Bez goriva ne može proizvoditi toplinu,
05:04
and therefore gravity has won the battle.
82
304434
2800
zbog čega gravitacija dobiva bitku.
05:08
The iron core has no other choice but to collapse,
83
308228
3722
Željezna jezgra nema izbora nego se urušiti,
05:11
reaching incredibly high densities.
84
311974
2825
dostižući nevjerojatno visoke gustoće.
05:15
Think of 300 million tons
85
315363
3293
Zamislite 300 milijuna tona
05:18
reduced to a space the size of a sugar cube.
86
318680
3000
stavljenih u prostor veličine kocke šećera.
05:22
At these extreme high densities, the core actually resists collapse,
87
322458
4609
U ovim ekstremno visokim gustoćama jezgra se zapravo opire urušavanju,
05:27
and as a result,
88
327091
1595
što rezultira
05:28
all of this infalling material bounces off the core.
89
328710
3888
time da sav taj propadajući materijal odskoči od jezgre.
05:33
And this dramatic bounce,
90
333551
1265
I taj dramatični skok,
05:34
which happens in a fraction of a second or so,
91
334840
3967
koji se dogodi u djeliću sekunde,
05:38
is responsible for ejecting the rest of the star in all directions,
92
338831
5833
odgovoran je za raspršivanje ostatka zvijezde u svim smjerovima
05:44
ultimately forming a supernova explosion.
93
344688
2734
stvarajući tako eksploziju supernove.
05:50
So, sadly, from the perspective of an astrophysicist,
94
350450
5230
Tako da, nažalost, iz perspektive astrofizičara,
05:55
the conditions in the centers of these exploding stars
95
355704
3399
uvjeti u središtima ovih eksplodirajućih zvijezda
05:59
cannot be recreated in a laboratory.
96
359127
2283
ne mogu se stvoriti u laboratoriju.
06:01
(Laughter)
97
361434
1008
(Smijeh)
06:02
Now, thankfully for humanity, we're not able to do that.
98
362466
3619
Zahvaljujući čovječanstvu nismo u mogućnosti to napraviti.
06:06
(Laughter)
99
366109
1706
(Smijeh)
06:07
But what does that mean?
100
367839
1223
Ali što to znači?
To znači da se kao astrofizičari
06:09
That means that as astrophysicists,
101
369086
1682
06:10
we have to rely on sophisticated computer simulations
102
370792
4360
moramo osloniti na sofisticiranije kompjutorske simulacije
06:15
in order to understand these complex phenomena.
103
375176
3793
kako bismo razumjeli ovaj složeni fenomen.
06:20
These simulations can be used to really understand how gas behaves
104
380358
3796
Te simulacije mogu se koristiti kako bi shvatili kako se plin ponaša
06:24
under such extreme conditions.
105
384178
1947
u takvim ekstremnim uvjetima.
06:27
And can be used to answer fundamental questions
106
387168
2253
I mogu se upotrijebiti za odgovore na temeljna pitanja
06:29
like, "What ultimately disrupted the massive star?"
107
389445
3175
kao: "Što u konačnici uništava masivnu zvijezdu?",
06:32
"How is it that this implosion can be reversed into an explosion?"
108
392644
4071
"Kako to da se ova implozija može okrenuti i postati eksplozija?"
06:39
There's a huge amount of debate in the field,
109
399580
2468
Postoje ogromne debate unutar discipline,
06:42
but we all agree that neutrinos,
110
402072
4434
ali se svi slažemo kako neutrini,
06:46
which are these elusive elementary particles,
111
406530
2808
neuhvatljive elementarne čestice,
06:49
play a crucial role.
112
409362
1516
igraju ključnu ulogu.
06:51
Yeah?
113
411873
1165
U redu?
06:53
I'm about to show you one of those simulations.
114
413062
2953
Pokazat ću vam jednu od simulacija.
06:58
So neutrinos are produced in huge numbers once the core collapses.
115
418509
5650
Neutrini se stvaraju u velikim količinama jednom kada se jezgra raspadne.
07:04
And in fact,
116
424183
1171
I u stvari,
07:05
they are responsible for transferring the energy in this core.
117
425378
3683
oni su odgovorni za prenošenje energije u ovoj jezgri.
07:09
Like thermal radiation in a heater,
118
429696
2611
Kao termalna radijacija u grijaču,
07:12
neutrinos pump energy into the core,
119
432331
3548
neutrini pumpaju energiju u jezgru
07:15
increasing the possibility of disrupting the star.
120
435903
4412
te na taj način povećavaju mogućnost uništavanja zvijezde.
07:20
In fact, for about a fraction of a second,
121
440784
2761
U stvari, u djeliću sekunde,
07:23
neutrinos pump so much energy
122
443569
1627
neutrini pumpaju toliko energije
07:25
that the pressure increases high enough that a shock wave is produced
123
445220
4680
da se pritisak poveća dovoljno da proizvede udarni val
07:29
and the shock wave goes and disrupts the entire star.
124
449924
3712
i taj udarni val uništi cijelu zvijezdu.
07:34
And it is in that shock wave where elements are produced.
125
454006
4278
I unutar tog udarnog vala elementi nastaju.
07:40
So thank you, neutrinos.
126
460243
1715
Tako da hvala neutrini.
07:41
(Laughter)
127
461982
1595
(Smijeh)
07:45
Supernovas shine bright,
128
465132
3087
Supernove jako sjaje,
07:48
and for a brief period of time,
129
468243
2191
i u jednom kratkom trenutku
07:50
they radiate more energy than the sun will in its entire lifetime.
130
470458
5042
isijavaju više energije nego Sunce tijekom cijelog svog života.
07:56
That point of light that you see there,
131
476852
2707
Ova svjetlosna točka koju vidite tamo,
07:59
which was certainly not there before,
132
479583
3301
koja sigurno nije bila tamo prije,
08:02
burns like a beacon,
133
482908
2286
svijetli kao svjetionik,
08:05
clearly indicating the position where the massive star has died.
134
485218
3898
jasno pokazujući mjesto gdje je umrla masivna zvijezda.
08:11
In a galaxy like our own Milky Way,
135
491196
2651
U galaksiji kao što je naša Mliječna staza,
08:13
we estimate that about once every 50 years,
136
493871
3912
procjenjujemo kako otprilike jednom u svakih 50 godina
08:17
a massive star dies.
137
497807
1778
umre masivna zvijezda.
08:20
This implies that somewhere in the universe,
138
500696
3001
Ovo ukazuje na to kako negdje u svemiru
08:23
there's a supernova explosion every second or so.
139
503721
3431
postoji eksplozija supernove otprilike svake sekunde.
08:29
And thankfully for astronomers,
140
509460
2262
I zahvaljujući astronomima,
08:31
some of them are actually found relatively close to earth.
141
511746
3341
neke od njih pronađene su relativno blizu Zemlje.
08:36
Various civilizations recorded these supernova explosions
142
516363
5659
Različite civilizacije zabilježile su eksplozije supernove
08:42
long before the telescope was invented.
143
522046
2963
prije nego što je izumljen teleskop.
08:46
The most famous of all of them
144
526699
2197
Najpoznatija od svih
08:48
is probably the supernova explosion that gave rise to the Crab Nebula.
145
528920
3688
je najvjerojatnije eksplozija supernove koja je stvorila Rakovu maglinu.
08:53
Yeah?
146
533746
1268
U redu?
08:55
Korean and Chinese astronomers recorded this supernova in 1054,
147
535038
6055
Korejski i kineski astronomi zabilježili su ovu supernovu 1054.
09:01
as did, almost certainly, Native Americans.
148
541117
2683
kao što su, skoro sigurno, Indijanci.
09:05
This supernova happened about 5,600 light-years away from earth.
149
545372
5260
Ova supernova dogodila se otprilike 5 600 svjetlosnih godina od Zemlje.
09:11
And it was so incredibly bright
150
551205
2198
I bila je toliko nevjerojatno sjajna
09:13
that astronomers could see it during the day.
151
553427
2509
da su je astronomi mogli vidjeti tijekom dana.
09:16
And it was visible to the naked eye for about two years in the night sky.
152
556651
4848
I bila je vidljiva ljudskom oku oko dvije godine na noćnom nebu.
09:25
Fast forward 1,000 years or so later, and what do we see?
153
565278
4363
Ubrzajmo na otprilike 1000 godina poslije i što vidimo?
09:30
We see these filaments that were blasted by the explosion,
154
570062
4111
Vidimo filamente koji su raznešeni zbog eksplozije
09:34
moving at 300 miles per second.
155
574197
2516
krećući se brzinom od 300 milja po sekundi.
09:37
These filaments are essential for us to understand
156
577133
4174
Ovi filamenti ključni su za naše razumijevanje
09:41
how massive stars die.
157
581331
1933
kako masivne zvijezde umiru.
09:43
The image that you see there
158
583752
1365
Slika koju vidite ovdje
09:45
was assembled by the Hubble Space Telescope
159
585141
2444
sastavljena je svemirskim teleskopom Hubble
09:47
over a span of three months.
160
587609
1867
kroz razdoblje od tri mjeseca.
09:49
And it is incredibly important to astronomers
161
589990
2272
I nevjerojatno je važna astronomima
09:52
because it ultimately carries the chemical legacy
162
592286
3188
zato što nosi kemijsko nasljeđe
09:55
of the star that exploded.
163
595498
1733
zvijezde koja je eksplodirala.
09:57
The orange filaments that you see there are the tattered remains of the star,
164
597760
5073
Narančasti filamenti koje vidite su raspadnuti ostaci zvijezde
10:02
and are made primarily of hydrogen,
165
602857
2333
i prvenstveno se sastoje od vodika,
10:05
while the blue and red filaments that you see
166
605634
3183
dok su plavi i crveni filamenti koje vidite
10:08
are the freshly synthesized oxygen.
167
608841
2489
svježe sintetizirani kisik.
10:11
So studying supernova remnants, like the Crab Nebula,
168
611746
4444
Tako da proučavajući ostatke supernove, kao što je Rakova maglina,
10:16
allowed astronomers to firmly conclude
169
616214
2294
omogućilo je astronomima da zaključe
10:18
that the vast majority of oxygen on earth was produced by supernova explosions
170
618532
5443
kako je većina kisika na Zemlji nastala eksplozijama supernove
10:23
over the history of the universe.
171
623999
2200
kroz povijest svemira.
10:27
And we can estimate
172
627117
1516
I možemo procijeniti
10:28
that in order to assemble all the atoms of oxygen in our body,
173
628657
4443
da kako bismo skupili sve atome kisika u našem tijelu
10:33
it took on the order of a 100 million supernova.
174
633124
3268
trebalo bi otprilike 100 milijuna supernova.
10:37
So every bit of you, or at least the majority of it,
175
637151
3992
Tako da je svaki djelić vas, ili barem većina vas,
10:41
came from one of these supernova explosions.
176
641167
2795
došao iz jedne od ovih eksplozija supernove.
10:47
So now you may be wondering,
177
647268
1595
Sada se možda pitate
10:48
how is it that these atoms
178
648887
2000
kako to da su se ovi atomi,
10:50
that were generated in such extreme conditions
179
650911
4753
koji su nastali u ovako ekstremnim uvjetima,
10:55
ultimately took residence in our body?
180
655688
2534
na kraju nastanili u našim tijelima?
10:59
So I want you to follow the thought experiment.
181
659212
3869
Želim da zamislite jedan eksperiment.
11:03
Imagine that we're in the Milky Way, and a supernova happens.
182
663105
3495
Zamislite da smo u Mliječnoj stazi i dogodi se supernova.
11:06
It blasted tons and tons of oxygen atoms
183
666998
3897
Raznijela je tone i tone atoma kisika
11:10
almost into empty space.
184
670919
2309
u skoro prazan prostor.
11:14
A few of them were able to be assembled in a cloud.
185
674085
4071
Nekolicina njih uspjela se skupiti u oblak.
11:19
Now, 4.5 billion years ago,
186
679292
3285
A sada, prije 4,5 milijardi godina
11:22
something unsettled that cloud and caused it to collapse,
187
682601
3468
nešto je uznemirilo taj oblak i uzrokovalo da se uruši,
11:26
forming the sun in its center and the solar system.
188
686093
4301
formirajući Sunce i Sunčev sustav u njegovom središtu.
11:32
So the sun, the planets and life on earth
189
692216
3603
Tako da Sunce, planeti i život na Zemlji
11:35
depend on this beautiful cycle
190
695843
2564
ovise o ovom prekrasnom ciklusu
11:38
of stellar birth, stellar death and stellar rebirth.
191
698431
4849
rođenja zvijezde, smrti zvijezde i ponovnog rođenja zvijezde.
11:43
And this continues the recycling of atoms in the universe.
192
703875
4730
I ovo nastavlja recikliranje atoma u svemiru.
11:48
And as a result, astronomy and chemistry are intimately connected.
193
708629
3986
Što rezultira time da su astronomija i kemija usko povezane.
11:53
We are life forms that have evolved to inhale the waste products of plants.
194
713815
6809
Mi smo životni oblici koji su evoluirali kako bi udisali otpadni materijal biljaka.
12:01
But now you know
195
721292
1230
Ali sada znate
12:02
that we also inhale the waste products of supernova explosions.
196
722546
3174
kako također udišemo i otpadni materijal eksplozija supernove.
12:05
(Laughter)
197
725744
1698
(Smijeh)
12:08
So take a moment, inhale.
198
728990
2000
Stoga uzmite trenutak i udahnite.
12:12
An oxygen atom has just gone into your body.
199
732228
2959
Atom kisika je upravo ušao u vaše tijelo.
12:15
It is certain that that oxygen [atom]
200
735211
2327
Sigurno je kako taj kisik [atom]
12:17
remembers that it was in the interior of a star
201
737562
2237
zna kako je bio u unutrašnjosti zvijezde
12:19
and it was probably manufactured by a supernova explosion.
202
739823
3373
i kako je vjerojatno nastao eksplozijom supernove.
12:24
This atom may have traveled the entire solar system
203
744220
4000
Ovaj atom možda je proputovao kroz cijeli Sunčev sustav
12:28
until it splashed on earth,
204
748244
2254
dok nije pljusnuo na Zemlju
12:30
long before reaching you.
205
750522
1983
puno prije nego je došao do vas.
12:34
When we breathe,
206
754442
1261
Dok dišemo,
12:36
we use hundreds of liters of oxygen every day.
207
756982
4795
koristimo stotine litara kisika svaki dan.
12:43
So I'm incredibly lucky to be standing in front of this beautiful audience,
208
763566
5024
Tako da sam iznimno sretan što stojim ispred ove predivne publike,
12:48
but I'm actually stealing your oxygen atoms.
209
768614
3238
ali zapravo kradem vaše atome kisika.
12:51
(Laughter)
210
771876
2529
(Smijeh)
12:54
And because I'm speaking to you,
211
774429
1532
I zato što vam pričam,
12:55
I'm giving you some of them back, that once resided in me.
212
775985
3563
dajem vam dio njih nazad, onih koji su bili u meni.
13:03
So breathing, yeah,
213
783276
4736
Tako da, disanje
13:08
participates in this beautiful exchange of atoms.
214
788036
4089
sudjeluje u ovoj predivnoj razmjeni atoma.
13:12
And you can then ask,
215
792149
1861
I možete se zapitati,
13:15
"Well, how many atoms in our body once belonged to Frida Kahlo?"
216
795887
7000
"Pa, koliko je atoma u našem tijelu jednom pripadalo Fridi Kahlo?"
13:23
(Laughter)
217
803013
2390
(Smijeh)
13:25
About 100,000 of them.
218
805427
1872
Oko 100 000 njih.
13:28
100,000 more probably belonged to Marie Curie,
219
808339
4429
Još 100 000 vjerojatno je pripadalo Marie Curie,
13:32
100,000 more to Sally Ride,
220
812792
2388
još 100 000 Sally Ride,
13:35
or whoever you want to think of.
221
815204
2134
ili kome god možete zamisliti.
13:39
So breathing is not only filling our lungs with cosmic history,
222
819236
6789
Tako da disanje ne ispunjuje naša pluća samo kozmičkom povijesti,
13:46
but with human history.
223
826510
1428
nego ljudskom povijesti.
13:49
I would like to end my talk by sharing a myth
224
829696
2979
Želio bih završiti govor tako što ću podijeliti mit
13:52
that is very close to my heart.
225
832699
1801
koji mi je veoma drag.
13:54
A myth from the Chichimeca culture,
226
834524
2365
Mit iz kulture Chichimeca,
13:56
which is a very powerful Mesoamerican culture.
227
836913
3008
što je veoma utjecajna srednjoamerička kultura.
14:01
And the Chichimecas believe
228
841001
2200
Ljudi Chichimece vjeruju
14:03
that our essence was assembled in the heavens.
229
843225
3400
kako je naša bit nastala u nebesima.
14:06
And on its journey towards us,
230
846649
2166
I na svojem putu prema nama
14:08
it actually fragmented into tons of different pieces.
231
848839
3598
raspala se na tone različitih komada.
14:13
So my abuelo used to say,
232
853445
1563
Tako da je moj djed znao reći,
14:15
"One of the reasons you feel incomplete
233
855032
2722
"Jedan od razloga zašto se osjećaš nepotpuno
14:17
is because you are missing your pieces."
234
857778
2221
je zato što ti nedostaju dijelovi".
14:20
(Laughter)
235
860023
1019
(Smijeh)
14:21
"But don't be fooled by that.
236
861066
1575
"Ali nemoj da te to zavara.
14:22
You've been given an incredible opportunity of growth.
237
862665
3745
Dobio si nevjerojatnu priliku za rast.
14:26
Why?
238
866434
1151
Zašto?
14:27
Because it's not like those pieces were scattered on earth
239
867609
2754
Zato što nije da su ti komadi razasuti po Zemlji
14:30
and you have to go and pick them up.
240
870387
1762
i ti moraš ići i skupljati ih.
14:32
No, those pieces fell into other people.
241
872173
2666
Ne, ti komadi pali su na druge ljude.
14:35
And only by sharing them you will become more complete.
242
875489
3530
I jedino njihovim dijeljenjem postat ćeš potpuniji.
14:40
Yes, during your life,
243
880021
1167
Da, tijekom tvog života
14:41
there's going to be individuals that have these huge pieces
244
881212
2822
postojat će pojedinci koji imaju velike komade
koji te čine potpunim.
14:44
that make you feel whole.
245
884058
1566
14:47
But in your quest of being complete,
246
887355
2905
Ali u svojoj potrazi za potpunošću,
14:50
you have to treasure and share every single one of those pieces."
247
890284
5023
moraš cijeniti i dijeliti svaki od tih komadića".
14:57
Sounds a lot like the story of oxygen to me.
248
897391
3090
Meni zvuči kao priča o kisiku.
15:00
(Laughter)
249
900505
1045
(Smijeh)
15:01
Which started in the heavens in a supernova explosion,
250
901574
3254
Koja je počela u nebesima u eksploziji supernove,
15:04
and continues today,
251
904852
2447
a nastavlja se i danas
15:08
within the confines of our humanity.
252
908061
2400
unutar granica našeg čovječanstva.
15:11
Our atoms in our body have embarked on an epic odyssey,
253
911911
5261
Naši atomi u našim tijelima otisnuli su se na epsko putovanje
15:17
with time spans from billions of years to mere centuries,
254
917196
5119
u vremenu između milijardi godina sve do običnih stoljeća,
15:22
all leading to you,
255
922339
2389
sve vodeći prema vama,
15:24
all of you,
256
924752
1692
svima vama,
15:26
witnesses of the universe.
257
926468
1873
svjedocima svemira.
15:28
Thank you.
258
928365
1159
Hvala.
15:29
(Applause)
259
929548
3529
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7