Your body was forged in the spectacular death of stars | Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

60,749 views

2020-01-15 ใƒป TED


New videos

Your body was forged in the spectacular death of stars | Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

60,749 views ใƒป 2020-01-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

00:00
Translator: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Krystian Aparta
0
0
7000
๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Somyeong Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : hansom Lee
00:13
We are all atomically connected.
1
13714
2817
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์›์ž๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:16
Fundamentally, universally.
2
16913
2951
๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ์ฃผ์ ์œผ๋กœ์š”.
00:19
But what does that mean?
3
19888
1601
๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฑด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:22
I'm an astrophysicist, and as such,
4
22673
2952
์ €๋Š” ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž์ด๊ณ ,
00:25
it is my responsibility to trace the cosmic history
5
25649
4035
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์›์ž์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
00:29
of every single one of your atoms.
6
29708
2805
์ถ”์ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:33
In fact, I would say
7
33394
2219
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š”
00:35
that one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy
8
35637
3559
์›์ž๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ๋ฐํ˜€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด
00:39
is the understanding of how our atoms were actually put together.
9
39220
5166
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
While hydrogen and helium were made
10
45823
2841
์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์€ ๋น…๋ฑ… ์งํ›„
00:48
during the first two minutes of the big bang,
11
48688
3072
2๋ถ„ ๋งŒ์— ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
00:51
the origin of heavy elements,
12
51784
2396
์ค‘์›์†Œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š”,
00:54
such as the iron in your blood, the oxygen we're breathing,
13
54204
4310
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ํ”ผ ์†์˜ ์ฒ ๋ถ„, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ,
00:58
the silicone in your computers,
14
58538
2285
์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์† ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์€
01:00
lies in the life cycle of stars.
15
60847
3135
๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
Nuclear reactions take lighter elements and transform them into heavier ones,
16
65388
6023
ํ•ต๋ฐ˜์‘์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์›์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
01:11
and that causes stars to shine
17
71435
2508
๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ณ„์ด ๋น›๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
01:13
and ultimately explode,
18
73967
2093
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ํญ๋ฐœํ•ด
01:16
therefore enriching the universe with these heavy elements.
19
76084
5413
๋งŽ์€ ์ค‘์›์†Œ๋ฅผ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
So without stellar death
20
81966
4258
๋ณ„์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์—†์ด๋Š”
01:27
there would be no oxygen
21
87101
2190
์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ 
01:29
or other elements heavier than hydrogen and helium,
22
89315
3571
์ˆ˜์†Œ์™€ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์›์†Œ๋“ค๋„ ์—†์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ,
01:32
and therefore, there would be no life.
23
92910
2526
๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋„ ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
There are more atoms in our bodies
24
96149
3556
ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์›์ž๋Š”
01:39
than stars in the universe.
25
99729
1944
์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „์ฒด์˜ ๋ณ„๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
And these atoms are extremely durable.
26
102642
2533
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์ž๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฒฌ๊ณ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
The origins of our atoms
27
105737
2167
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์›์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์€
01:47
can be traceable to stars that manufactured them in their interiors
28
107928
5357
๋ณ„ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ƒ์„ฑ ๋œ ์›์ž๋“ค๊ณผ
01:53
and exploded them all across the Milky Way,
29
113309
4221
์ˆ˜์–ต ๋…„ ์ „, ํญ๋ฐœํ•ด์„œ ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜ ์ „์ฒด๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ„
01:57
billions of years ago.
30
117554
1984
์›์ž๋“ค์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:00
And I should know this,
31
120006
1428
02:01
because I am indeed a certified stellar mortician.
32
121458
3124
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต์ธ๋œ ํ•ญ์„ฑ ์žฅ์˜์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:04
(Laughter)
33
124884
1479
(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:06
And today, I want to take you on a journey that starts in a supernova explosion
34
126387
5746
์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด
02:12
and ends with the air that we're breathing right now.
35
132157
3570
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰๊ธธ๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ์•ˆ๋‚ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:18
So what is our body made of?
36
138578
1867
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:21
Ninety-six percent consists of only four elements:
37
141189
5662
๋ชธ์˜ 96%๋Š” ๋„ค ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์›์†Œ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen and nitrogen.
38
147490
3958
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ˆ˜์†Œ, ํƒ„์†Œ, ์‚ฐ์†Œ, ์งˆ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
Now the main character of this cosmic tale is oxygen.
39
153220
4333
๊ทธ ์ค‘์—์„œ๋„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์ฃผ์ธ๊ณต์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:39
Not only is the vast majority of our bodies made of oxygen,
40
159061
4731
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์›์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์—ฌ์„œ๋งŒ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ 
02:43
but oxygen is the one element fighting to protect life on earth.
41
163816
4706
์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์ด ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์›์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
The vast majority of oxygen in the universe
42
169490
2365
์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
02:51
was indeed produced over the entire history of the universe
43
171879
5047
์šฐ์ฃผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ „๋ฐ˜์—์„œ ๊ฑธ์ณ์„œ
02:56
in these supernova explosions.
44
176950
2000
ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
These supernova explosions signal the demise of very massive stars.
45
179760
4690
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
And for a brilliant month,
46
184474
2333
๊ฐ€๋” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ ์ •๋„,
03:06
one supernova explosion can be brighter than an entire galaxy
47
186831
4175
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๋ณด๋‹ค
03:11
containing billions of stars.
48
191030
2412
๋ฐ์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
That is truly remarkable.
49
193823
1667
์•„์ฃผ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ .
03:17
That is because massive stars burn brighter
50
197046
4880
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์€ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ํƒ€์˜ค๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ
03:21
and have a spectacular death, compared to other stars.
51
201950
3952
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณ„๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์žฅ์—„ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Nuclear fusion is really the lifeblood of all stars,
52
206728
3516
ํ•ต์œตํ•ฉ์€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์ค„์ด์–ด์„œ,
03:30
including the sun,
53
210268
1599
03:31
and as a result is the root source of all the energy on earth.
54
211891
4444
๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ๋˜์ฃ .
03:37
You can think of stars as these fusion factories
55
217724
4313
๋ณ„์€ ๋œจ๊ฒ๊ณ  ๋ฐ€๋„ ๋†’์€ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์—์„œ
03:42
which are powered by smashing atoms together
56
222061
2945
์›์ž๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œ์ผœ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š”
03:45
in their hot and dense interiors.
57
225030
2309
์œตํ•ฉ ๊ณต์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Now, stars like our sun,
58
227641
2555
ํƒœ์–‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ณ„์€,
03:50
which are relatively small,
59
230220
1484
๋น„๊ต์  ์ž‘์€ ๋ณ„์ด๋ผ,
03:51
burn hydrogen into helium,
60
231728
2214
์ˆ˜์†Œ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์›Œ ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ง€๋งŒ,
03:53
but heavier stars of about eight times the mass of the sun
61
233966
3785
ํƒœ์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค ์•ฝ 8๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ณ„์€
03:57
continue this burning cycle
62
237775
2476
์ด ์œตํ•ฉ ๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด
04:00
even after they exhausted their helium in their cores.
63
240275
3649
์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ฌ๋ฅจ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์†Œ์ง„ํ•œ ํ›„์—๋„ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
So at this point,
64
245386
1882
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด,
04:07
the massive star is left with a carbon core,
65
247292
3166
์ด ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—๋Š” ํƒ„์†Œ๋งŒ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
which, as you know, is the building block of life.
66
250482
3186
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์•Œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ, ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ์›์†Œ์ฃ .
04:14
This carbon core continues to collapse
67
254784
3730
์ด ํƒ„์†Œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•ด
04:18
and as a result, the temperature increases,
68
258538
2507
๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์Šน์‹œ์ผœ
04:21
which allows further nuclear reactions to take place,
69
261069
3954
๋” ๋งŽ์€ ํ•ต๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค์ฃ .
04:25
and carbon then burns into oxygen,
70
265047
2628
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ํƒ„์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ณ ,
04:27
into neon, silicon, sulphur
71
267699
3666
๋‹ค์‹œ ๋„ค์˜จ, ์‹ค๋ฆฌ์ฝ˜, ํ™ฉ์œผ๋กœ
04:31
and ultimately iron.
72
271389
1619
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฒ ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
And iron is the end.
73
273667
1864
์ฒ  ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
Why?
74
276569
1150
์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ์š”?
04:37
Because iron is the most bound nuclei in the universe,
75
277743
2535
์ฒ ์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ํ•ต์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์œตํ•ฉ๋œ ์›์†Œ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:40
which means that we cannot extract energy by burning iron.
76
280302
4401
๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ํƒœ์›Œ์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
So when the entire core of the massive star is made of iron,
77
285268
5658
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ์ฒ ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฉด,
04:50
it's run out of fuel.
78
290950
1400
์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And that's an incredibly bad day for a star.
79
292871
3135
๊ทธ ๋ณ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ์ˆ˜์—†๋Š” ๋‚ ์ด์ฃ .
04:56
(Laughter)
80
296030
3626
(์›ƒ์Œ)
05:00
Without fuel, it cannot generate heat,
81
300395
2787
์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†๊ณ ,
05:04
and therefore gravity has won the battle.
82
304434
2800
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์ค‘๋ ฅ์—๋„ ์ €ํ•ญํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ฃ .
05:08
The iron core has no other choice but to collapse,
83
308228
3722
์ฒ ๋กœ ๋œ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ์„ ํƒ์˜ ์—ฌ์ง€ ์—†์ด ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๊ณ ,
05:11
reaching incredibly high densities.
84
311974
2825
์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋†’์€ ๋ฐ€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
05:15
Think of 300 million tons
85
315363
3293
3์–ต ํ†ค์˜ ์งˆ๋Ÿ‰์ด
05:18
reduced to a space the size of a sugar cube.
86
318680
3000
๊ฐ์„คํƒ•๋งŒ ํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:22
At these extreme high densities, the core actually resists collapse,
87
322458
4609
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ฐ€๋„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋ฉด, ์ค‘์‹ฌ์€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ ,
05:27
and as a result,
88
327091
1595
๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ,
05:28
all of this infalling material bounces off the core.
89
328710
3888
์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๊นฅ์œผ๋กœ ํŠ•๊ฒจ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:33
And this dramatic bounce,
90
333551
1265
์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ถ„์ถœ์ด
05:34
which happens in a fraction of a second or so,
91
334840
3967
์ฑ„ 1์ดˆ๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์ฐฐ๋‚˜์—,
05:38
is responsible for ejecting the rest of the star in all directions,
92
338831
5833
์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ„์ด ํŠ•๊ฒจ์ ธ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด์„œ,
05:44
ultimately forming a supernova explosion.
93
344688
2734
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
So, sadly, from the perspective of an astrophysicist,
94
350450
5230
์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ๋„,
05:55
the conditions in the centers of these exploding stars
95
355704
3399
๋ณ„์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์€
05:59
cannot be recreated in a laboratory.
96
359127
2283
์‹คํ—˜์‹ค์—์„œ ์žฌํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
(Laughter)
97
361434
1008
(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:02
Now, thankfully for humanity, we're not able to do that.
98
362466
3619
์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์œผ๋‹ˆ, ์ธ๋ฅ˜์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋‹คํ–‰์ด์ฃ .
06:06
(Laughter)
99
366109
1706
(์›ƒ์Œ)
06:07
But what does that mean?
100
367839
1223
๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:09
That means that as astrophysicists,
101
369086
1682
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฒœ์ฒด๋ฌผ๋ฆฌํ•™์ž๋Š”,
06:10
we have to rely on sophisticated computer simulations
102
370792
4360
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
06:15
in order to understand these complex phenomena.
103
375176
3793
์ •๊ตํ•œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์— ์˜์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
These simulations can be used to really understand how gas behaves
104
380358
3796
์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ
06:24
under such extreme conditions.
105
384178
1947
๊ฐ€์Šค์˜ ์›€์ง์ž„์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์˜ ํ•ด๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ๋„ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And can be used to answer fundamental questions
106
387168
2253
06:29
like, "What ultimately disrupted the massive star?"
107
389445
3175
"๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์„ ๋ถ„์—ด์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ง์ ‘์ ์ธ ์›์ธ์ด ๋ญ˜๊นŒ?"
06:32
"How is it that this implosion can be reversed into an explosion?"
108
392644
4071
"๋ณ„์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ–์„ ํ–ฅํ•œ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ?"
06:39
There's a huge amount of debate in the field,
109
399580
2468
์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ์„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
06:42
but we all agree that neutrinos,
110
402072
4434
๊ด€์ธกํ•˜๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“  ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž์ธ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€
06:46
which are these elusive elementary particles,
111
406530
2808
์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์—์„œ๋Š”
06:49
play a crucial role.
112
409362
1516
ํ•™๊ณ„์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:51
Yeah?
113
411873
1165
์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ๋‚˜์š”?
06:53
I'm about to show you one of those simulations.
114
413062
2953
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋ฌผ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
So neutrinos are produced in huge numbers once the core collapses.
115
418509
5650
์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‹ค๋Ÿ‰ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:04
And in fact,
116
424183
1171
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ ,
07:05
they are responsible for transferring the energy in this core.
117
425378
3683
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์‹œํ‚ค์ฃ .
07:09
Like thermal radiation in a heater,
118
429696
2611
์˜จํ’๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋“ฏ,
07:12
neutrinos pump energy into the core,
119
432331
3548
์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๋Š” ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ด๋ฉฐ,
07:15
increasing the possibility of disrupting the star.
120
435903
4412
๋ณ„์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๋” ๋†’์ด์ฃ .
07:20
In fact, for about a fraction of a second,
121
440784
2761
์ผ ์ดˆ๋„ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ฐฐ๋‚˜์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—,
07:23
neutrinos pump so much energy
122
443569
1627
์ค‘์„ฑ๋ฏธ์ž๊ฐ€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด
07:25
that the pressure increases high enough that a shock wave is produced
123
445220
4680
๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ
07:29
and the shock wave goes and disrupts the entire star.
124
449924
3712
๋ณ„ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:34
And it is in that shock wave where elements are produced.
125
454006
4278
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์˜ ์—ฌํŒŒ๋กœ ์›์†Œ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
07:40
So thank you, neutrinos.
126
460243
1715
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”, ์ค‘์„ฑ์ž.
07:41
(Laughter)
127
461982
1595
(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:45
Supernovas shine bright,
128
465132
3087
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์€ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ,
07:48
and for a brief period of time,
129
468243
2191
์•„์ฃผ ์งง์€ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—,
07:50
they radiate more energy than the sun will in its entire lifetime.
130
470458
5042
ํƒœ์–‘์ด ํ‰์ƒ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•  ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ฟœ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
That point of light that you see there,
131
476852
2707
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น›๋‚˜๋Š” ์ง€์ ์€,
07:59
which was certainly not there before,
132
479583
3301
์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์— ์—†์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
08:02
burns like a beacon,
133
482908
2286
์‹ ํ˜ธ๋“ฑ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋น›์„ ๋‚ด,
08:05
clearly indicating the position where the massive star has died.
134
485218
3898
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ํ™•์‹คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
In a galaxy like our own Milky Way,
135
491196
2651
์ €ํฌ์˜ ์€ํ•˜๊ณ„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ,
08:13
we estimate that about once every 50 years,
136
493871
3912
50๋…„๋งˆ๋‹ค ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
08:17
a massive star dies.
137
497807
1778
์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
This implies that somewhere in the universe,
138
500696
3001
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šฐ์ฃผ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ๋Š”
08:23
there's a supernova explosion every second or so.
139
503721
3431
๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋งค์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:29
And thankfully for astronomers,
140
509460
2262
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ง™๊ฒŒ๋„,
08:31
some of them are actually found relatively close to earth.
141
511746
3341
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์›Œ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
Various civilizations recorded these supernova explosions
142
516363
5659
๋งŽ์€ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋ก์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
long before the telescope was invented.
143
522046
2963
๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ๋ฐœ๋ช…๋˜๊ธฐ ํ•œ์ฐธ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์š”.
08:46
The most famous of all of them
144
526699
2197
๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š”
08:48
is probably the supernova explosion that gave rise to the Crab Nebula.
145
528920
3688
๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์šด์ด ์ผ์œผํ‚จ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์ผ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
Yeah?
146
533746
1268
๋“ค์–ด๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
08:55
Korean and Chinese astronomers recorded this supernova in 1054,
147
535038
6055
ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ 1054๋…„์— ์ด ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
09:01
as did, almost certainly, Native Americans.
148
541117
2683
์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ์ธ๋””์–ธ๋“ค๋„ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฑธ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
This supernova happened about 5,600 light-years away from earth.
149
545372
5260
์ด ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 5600๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
And it was so incredibly bright
150
551205
2198
ํญ๋ฐœ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ์•˜๋˜์ง€
09:13
that astronomers could see it during the day.
151
553427
2509
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋‚ฎ์— ๊ด€์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
And it was visible to the naked eye for about two years in the night sky.
152
556651
4848
๋ฐคํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ๋Š” 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์œก์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์ธก์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
Fast forward 1,000 years or so later, and what do we see?
153
565278
4363
1000๋…„ ์ •๋„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
09:30
We see these filaments that were blasted by the explosion,
154
570062
4111
ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธด ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น›๋“ค์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
moving at 300 miles per second.
155
574197
2516
์ดˆ๋‹น ์•ฝ 500km์˜ ์†๋„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”.
09:37
These filaments are essential for us to understand
156
577133
4174
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋น›๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ„์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ฃฝ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€
์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:41
how massive stars die.
157
581331
1933
09:43
The image that you see there
158
583752
1365
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
09:45
was assembled by the Hubble Space Telescope
159
585141
2444
ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์ด ์„ ๋‹ฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ
09:47
over a span of three months.
160
587609
1867
์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
And it is incredibly important to astronomers
161
589990
2272
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชน์‹œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๋Š”,
09:52
because it ultimately carries the chemical legacy
162
592286
3188
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณ„์ด ํญ๋ฐœํ•  ๋•Œ ๋‚จ์€
09:55
of the star that exploded.
163
595498
1733
ํ™”ํ•™ ์ž”์—ฌ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
The orange filaments that you see there are the tattered remains of the star,
164
597760
5073
์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ณด์‹œ๋Š” ์ฃผํ™ฉ์ƒ‰ ๋น›์€ ์ฃฝ์€ ๋ณ„์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ์ž”ํ•ด์ธ๋ฐ
10:02
and are made primarily of hydrogen,
165
602857
2333
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ˆ˜์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
while the blue and red filaments that you see
166
605634
3183
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ์ƒ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๋นจ๊ฐ„์ƒ‰ ๋น›์€
10:08
are the freshly synthesized oxygen.
167
608841
2489
์ด์ œ ๋ง‰ ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง„ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
So studying supernova remnants, like the Crab Nebula,
168
611746
4444
๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์šด์„ ๋น„๋กฏํ•œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ์ž”ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
10:16
allowed astronomers to firmly conclude
169
616214
2294
์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด๋ ธ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:18
that the vast majority of oxygen on earth was produced by supernova explosions
170
618532
5443
๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ ์ „๋ฐ˜์— ๊ฑธ์นœ
๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
over the history of the universe.
171
623999
2200
10:27
And we can estimate
172
627117
1516
์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด,
10:28
that in order to assemble all the atoms of oxygen in our body,
173
628657
4443
์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์„ 1์–ต ๋ฒˆ ์ •๋„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:33
it took on the order of a 100 million supernova.
174
633124
3268
10:37
So every bit of you, or at least the majority of it,
175
637151
3992
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
10:41
came from one of these supernova explosions.
176
641167
2795
์–ด๋–ค ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ํญ๋ฐœ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:47
So now you may be wondering,
177
647268
1595
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ค ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
10:48
how is it that these atoms
178
648887
2000
๊ทน๋‹จ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„
10:50
that were generated in such extreme conditions
179
650911
4753
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›์ž๋“ค์ด
10:55
ultimately took residence in our body?
180
655688
2534
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์„์ง€?
10:59
So I want you to follow the thought experiment.
181
659212
3869
๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
11:03
Imagine that we're in the Milky Way, and a supernova happens.
182
663105
3495
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
11:06
It blasted tons and tons of oxygen atoms
183
666998
3897
์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž๊ฐ€
11:10
almost into empty space.
184
670919
2309
ํ…… ๋นˆ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
A few of them were able to be assembled in a cloud.
185
674085
4071
๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ญ‰์ณ์„œ ์„ฑ์šด์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Now, 4.5 billion years ago,
186
679292
3285
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค 45์–ต๋…„ ์ „,
11:22
something unsettled that cloud and caused it to collapse,
187
682601
3468
์„ฑ์šด์˜ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ •ํ•œ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ์šด์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผ์ผœ,
11:26
forming the sun in its center and the solar system.
188
686093
4301
๊ทธ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์— ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
So the sun, the planets and life on earth
189
692216
3603
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ, ํ–‰์„ฑ๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋“ค์€
11:35
depend on this beautiful cycle
190
695843
2564
๋ณ„์ด ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๋งž๊ณ , ๋˜ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š”
11:38
of stellar birth, stellar death and stellar rebirth.
191
698431
4849
์ƒ์„ฑ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋น„๋กฏ๋œ ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
And this continues the recycling of atoms in the universe.
192
703875
4730
์›์ž์˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜์€ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์† ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
And as a result, astronomy and chemistry are intimately connected.
193
708629
3986
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์€ ํ™”ํ•™๊ณผ ๋ฐ€์ ‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:53
We are life forms that have evolved to inhale the waste products of plants.
194
713815
6809
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‹๋ฌผ์ด ๋‚ด๋ฟœ๋Š” ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜ธํกํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง„ํ™”ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ์˜ ์ž”ํ•ด๋ฌผ ๋˜ํ•œ
12:01
But now you know
195
721292
1230
12:02
that we also inhale the waste products of supernova explosions.
196
722546
3174
๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์‹œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
(Laughter)
197
725744
1698
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:08
So take a moment, inhale.
198
728990
2000
ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ์ˆจ์„ ๋“ค์ด๋งˆ์…” ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:12
An oxygen atom has just gone into your body.
199
732228
2959
๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
It is certain that that oxygen [atom]
200
735211
2327
์ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž๋Š”
12:17
remembers that it was in the interior of a star
201
737562
2237
์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ„์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ํ…Œ๊ณ 
12:19
and it was probably manufactured by a supernova explosion.
202
739823
3373
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
This atom may have traveled the entire solar system
203
744220
4000
ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์ด๊ณณ ์ €๊ณณ์„ ํ•œ์ฐธ์ด๋‚˜ ๋– ๋ˆ ํ›„์—์•ผ
12:28
until it splashed on earth,
204
748244
2254
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์— ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ,
12:30
long before reaching you.
205
750522
1983
๋ฐ”๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฟ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
12:34
When we breathe,
206
754442
1261
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ˆจ์„ ์‰ด ๋•Œ,
12:36
we use hundreds of liters of oxygen every day.
207
756982
4795
๋งค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋ฆฌํ„ฐ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:43
So I'm incredibly lucky to be standing in front of this beautiful audience,
208
763566
5024
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด ์˜๊ด‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
12:48
but I'm actually stealing your oxygen atoms.
209
768614
3238
์‹ค์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ›”์ณ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์…ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:51
(Laughter)
210
771876
2529
(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:54
And because I'm speaking to you,
211
774429
1532
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
12:55
I'm giving you some of them back, that once resided in me.
212
775985
3563
์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์‹  ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:03
So breathing, yeah,
213
783276
4736
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ํ˜ธํก ์—ญ์‹œ,
13:08
participates in this beautiful exchange of atoms.
214
788036
4089
์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์›์ž ์ˆœํ™˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:12
And you can then ask,
215
792149
1861
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์œผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
13:15
"Well, how many atoms in our body once belonged to Frida Kahlo?"
216
795887
7000
"์ œ ๋ชธ์˜ ์›์ž ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐœ๋‚˜ ํ”„๋ฆฌ๋‹ค ์นผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ชธ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?"
13:23
(Laughter)
217
803013
2390
(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:25
About 100,000 of them.
218
805427
1872
๋‹ต์€ ์•ฝ 100,000๊ฐœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:28
100,000 more probably belonged to Marie Curie,
219
808339
4429
๋‹ค๋ฅธ 100,000๊ฐœ๋Š” ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ ํ€ด๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ,
13:32
100,000 more to Sally Ride,
220
812792
2388
๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ 100,000๊ฐœ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ฆฌ ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๋‚˜
13:35
or whoever you want to think of.
221
815204
2134
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฐ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So breathing is not only filling our lungs with cosmic history,
222
819236
6789
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ํ˜ธํก์€ ํ์— ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋งŒ์ด ๋‹ด๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋„ ๋‹ด๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
but with human history.
223
826510
1428
13:49
I would like to end my talk by sharing a myth
224
829696
2979
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ด ๋งˆ์ง€์•Š๋Š” ์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:52
that is very close to my heart.
225
832699
1801
๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ๋งˆ์น ๊นŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:54
A myth from the Chichimeca culture,
226
834524
2365
์ค‘์•™ ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๋ฌธํ™”์—์„œ ๊ฝค ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
13:56
which is a very powerful Mesoamerican culture.
227
836913
3008
์น˜์น˜๋ฉ”์นด์˜ ์ „ํ†ต ์‹ ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:01
And the Chichimecas believe
228
841001
2200
์น˜์น˜๋ฉ”์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
14:03
that our essence was assembled in the heavens.
229
843225
3400
ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
And on its journey towards us,
230
846649
2166
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ,
14:08
it actually fragmented into tons of different pieces.
231
848839
3598
์ •์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์ˆ˜ํžˆ ๋งŽ์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ชผ๊ฐœ์ง„๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
14:13
So my abuelo used to say,
232
853445
1563
์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋„ ๋ง์”€ํ•˜์‹œ๊ธธ,
14:15
"One of the reasons you feel incomplete
233
855032
2722
"๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋Š”
14:17
is because you are missing your pieces."
234
857778
2221
๋„ค ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ ค์„œ๋ž€๋‹ค."
14:20
(Laughter)
235
860023
1019
(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:21
"But don't be fooled by that.
236
861066
1575
"ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์—†์–ด.
14:22
You've been given an incredible opportunity of growth.
237
862665
3745
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์€ ๊ฑฐ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
14:26
Why?
238
866434
1151
์™œ๋ƒ๊ณ ?
14:27
Because it's not like those pieces were scattered on earth
239
867609
2754
๋•…๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์— ๋–จ์–ดํŠธ๋ฆฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
14:30
and you have to go and pick them up.
240
870387
1762
๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์ค๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ .
14:32
No, those pieces fell into other people.
241
872173
2666
๊ทธ๋ž˜, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฐ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด.
14:35
And only by sharing them you will become more complete.
242
875489
3530
๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ถ์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์˜จ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹จ๋‹ค.
14:40
Yes, during your life,
243
880021
1167
์‚ด๋‹ค๊ฐ€,
14:41
there's going to be individuals that have these huge pieces
244
881212
2822
์œ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ํฐ ์กฐ๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๋ฉด
14:44
that make you feel whole.
245
884058
1566
์˜จ์ „ํ•ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋‚„ ๊ฑฐ์•ผ.
14:47
But in your quest of being complete,
246
887355
2905
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜จ์ „ํ•ด์ง€๋ ค๋ฉด,
14:50
you have to treasure and share every single one of those pieces."
247
890284
5023
์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์ž‘์€ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ณ  ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹จ๋‹ค."
14:57
Sounds a lot like the story of oxygen to me.
248
897391
3090
์ €ํ•œํ…Œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ์›์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋“ค๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
(Laughter)
249
900505
1045
(์›ƒ์Œ)
15:01
Which started in the heavens in a supernova explosion,
250
901574
3254
์ € ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋œ ์ดˆ์‹ ์„ฑ ํญ๋ฐœ์ด
15:04
and continues today,
251
904852
2447
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜์–ด
15:08
within the confines of our humanity.
252
908061
2400
์ €ํฌ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ฑ์„ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
15:11
Our atoms in our body have embarked on an epic odyssey,
253
911911
5261
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชธ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ์›์ž๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋‚˜๊ธด ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:17
with time spans from billions of years to mere centuries,
254
917196
5119
์งง์•„๋„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„, ๋•Œ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„์— ์ด๋ฅด๋Š” ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ๋์—
15:22
all leading to you,
255
922339
2389
์ „๋ถ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ,
15:24
all of you,
256
924752
1692
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ,
15:26
witnesses of the universe.
257
926468
1873
์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๋ชฉ๊ฒฉ์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋„๋‹ฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:28
Thank you.
258
928365
1159
๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
(Applause)
259
929548
3529
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7