Dare to refuse the origin myths that claim who you are | Chetan Bhatt

Prevoditelj: Anja Kolobarić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I'm Chetan Bhatt

Ja sam Chetan Bhatt

and when I give my name, I'm often asked, "Where are you from?"

i kada kažem svoje ime, ljudi me često pitaju odakle sam.

And I normally say London.

Inače kažem - iz Londona.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

But of course, I know what they're really asking,

Ali, naravno, znam što zaista žele znati,

so I say something like,

pa kažem nešto kao,

"Well, my grandparents and my mum were born in India,

"Moji djed i baka i majka rođeni su u Indiji,

my dad and I were born in Kenya,

ja i moj otac u Keniji,

and I was brought up in London.

a odrastao sam u Londonu.

And then they've got me mapped.

Tada sam im jasniji.

"Ah, you're a Kenyan Asian. I've worked with one of those."

"Ah, pa ti si kenijski azijat. Radio sam s jednim takvim."

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And from my name they probably assume that I'm a Hindu.

I iz mog imena vjerojatno pretpostavljaju da sam hinduist.

And this sort of fixes me for them.

To me u njihovim očima nekako učini boljim.

But what about the Christians

Ali što je s kršćanima

and the Muslims and the atheists

i muslimanima i ateistima

that I grew up with?

s kojima sam odrastao?

Or the socialists and the liberals,

Ili socijalistima i liberalistima,

even the occasional Tory?

pa čak i ponekim torijevcima?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Indeed, all kinds of women and men --

Svakakve vrste muškaraca i žena -

vegetable sellers, factory workers, cooks, car mechanics --

prodavači povrća, tvorničari, kuhari, automehaničari -

living in my working class area,

koji žive u području moje radničke klase,

in some profoundly important way,

na neki iznimno važan način,

they are also a part of me

također su dio mene

and are here with me.

i tu su sa mnom.

Maybe that's why I find it hard to respond to questions about identity

Možda mi je zato teško odgovarati na pitanja o identitetu

and about origin.

i podrijetlu.

And it's not just a sort of teenage refusal to be labeled.

Nije to samo tinejdžerski bunt protiv etiketa.

It's about our own most identities,

Tu se radi o našim identitetima,

the ones that we put our hands up to,

o onima kojima se predamo,

the ones that we cheer for,

o onima za koje navijamo,

the ones that we fight for,

o onima za koje se borimo,

the ones that we love or hate.

o onima koje volimo ili mrzimo.

And it's about how we apprehend ourselves

I tako razumijemo i sebe

as well as others.

i ostale.

And it's about identities we just assume that we have

Tu se radi o identitetima koje pretpostavljamo da imamo,

without thinking too much about them.

a da i ne razmišljamo o njima

But our responses to questions of identity and origin

Ali naši odgovori na pitanja o identitetu i podrijetlu

have substantial social and political importance.

imaju značajnu društvenu i političku važnost.

We see the wars, the rages of identity going on all around us.

Gledamo ratove, divljanja identiteta oko nas.

We see violent religious, national and ethnic disputes.

Gledamo nasilne religijske, nacionalne i etničke sporove.

And often the conflict is based on old stories of identity

Konflikt se često temelji na starim pričama o identitetu

and belonging

i pripadnosti

and origins.

i podrijetlu.

And these identities are based on myths,

I ti su identiteti utemeljeni na mitovima,

typically about ancient, primordial origins.

najčešće o drevnom, iskonskom podrijetlu.

And these could be about Adam and Eve

Možda o Adamu i Evi

or about the supremacy of a caste or gender

ili nadmoći jedne društvene klase ili spola

or about the vitality of a supposed race

ili o vitalnosti superiorne rase

or about the past glories of an empire or civilization

ili o prijašnjoj slavi carstva ili civilizacije

or about a piece of land

ili o komadu zemlje

that some imagined deity has gifted.

koji je darovalo neko zamišljeno božanstvo.

Now, people say

Ljudi kažu

that origin stories and identity myths make us feel secure.

da se zbog priča o podrijetlu i mitova o identitetu osjećamo sigurno.

What's wrong with that?

Što je u tome loše?

They give us a sense of belonging.

Daju nam osjećaj pripadnosti.

Identity is your cultural clothing,

Identitet je naša kulturalna odjeća,

and it can make you feel warm and fuzzy inside.

zahvaljujući kojemu se osjećamo sigurno.

But does it really?

Ali je li to stvarno tako?

Do we really need identity myths to feel safe?

Jesu li nam ti mitovi zaista potrebni da se osjećamo sigurno?

Because I see religious, national, ethnic disputes

Po meni religijski nacionalni i etički sporovi

as adding to human misery.

samo doprinose ljudskoj bijedi.

Can I dare you

Izazivam vas

to refuse every origin myth

da ne prihvatite svaki mit o podrijetlu

that claims you?

koji vas određuje.

What if we reject every single primordial origin myth

Što ako odbijemo baš svaki mit o iskonskom podrijetlu

and develop a deeper sense of personhood,

i razvijemo dublji smisao o osobnosti

one responsible to humanity as a whole

koji je odgovoran za čovječanstvo u cjelini,

rather than to a particular tribe,

umjesto o određenom plemenu,

a radically different idea of humanity

radikalno drugačija ideja u čovječanstvu

that exposes how origin myths mystify,

koja otkriva kako mitovi o podrijetlu mistificiraju,

disguise global power,

skrivaju globalnu moć,

rapacious exploitation,

gramzivo iskorištavanje,

poverty, the worldwide oppression of women and girls,

siromaštvo, globalno ugnjetavanje žena i djevojaka

and of course massive, accelerating inequalities?

te, naravno, masivne nejednakosti koje su sve veće?

Now, origin myths are closely linked to tradition,

Mitovi o podrijetlu usko su vezani uz tradiciju,

and the word tradition points to something old

a svjetska tradicija ukazuje na nešto staro

and permanent, almost natural,

i trajno, gotovo prirodno,

and people assume tradition is just history,

a ljudi pretpostavljaju da je tradicija samo povijest,

simply the past condensed into a nice story.

jednostavno prošlost sažeta u lijepu priču.

But let's not confuse tradition with history.

No, nemojmo miješati tradiciju i povijest.

The two are often in severe conflict.

Ta su dva pojma u teškom konfliktu.

Origin stories are usually recently created fictions of ancient belonging,

Priče o podrijetlu inače su svježe izmišljene priče o pradavnoj pripadnosti

and they're absurd

i apsurdne su,

given the complexity of humanity

s obzirom na složenost čovječanstva

and our vastly interconnected, even if very unequal world.

i našu iznimnu međusobnu povezanost, čak i u iznimno nejednakom svijetu.

And today we see claims to tradition

Danas svjedočimo kako se tradicija

that claim to be ancient

koja tvrdi da je pradavna

changing rapidly in front of our eyes.

ubrzano mijenja pred našim očima.

I was brought up in the 1970s near Wembley

Odgojen sam '70-ih u blizini Wembleya

with Asian, English, Caribbean, Irish families living in our street,

s azijskim, engleskim, karipskim, irskim obiteljima u susjedstvu,

and the neo-Nazi National Front was massive then

a neonacistička nacionalna fronta tada je bila u punom jeku

with regular marches and attacks on us

s redovnim marševima i napadima na nas

and a permanent threat

i trajnom prijetnjom

and often a frequent reality of violence against us

i čestom stvarnosti nasilja nad nama

on the streets, in our homes,

na ulicama, u našim domovima,

typically by neo-Nazis and other racists.

najčešće od strane neonacista i drugih rasista.

And I remember during a general election a leaflet came through our letter box

Sjećam se kako je za vrijeme općih izbora u poštanski sandučić stigao letak

with a picture of the National Front candidate for our area.

sa slikom kandidata nacionalne fronte za naše područje.

And the picture

Na slici je bio

was of our next-door neighbor.

naš prvi susjed.

He threatened to shoot me once when I played in the garden as a kid,

Jednom mi je prijetio da će me upucati kad sam se kao mali igrao u njegovu vrtu

and many weekends, shaven-headed National Front activists

i vikendima su aktivisti nacionalne fronte obrijanih glava

arrived at his house

dolazili su u njegovu kuću

and emerged with scores of placards

i izlazili s natpisima

screaming that they wanted us to go back home.

koji su nam govorili da se vratimo kući.

But today he's one of my mum's best mates.

Ali danas je on jedan od maminih najboljih prijatelja.

He's a very lovely, gentle and kind man,

On je jako ugodan, nježan i drag čovjek

and at some point in his political journey out of fascism

i u određenom trenutku u njegovom političkom izlasku iz fašizma,

he embraced a broader idea of humanity.

prigrlio je širu ideju čovječnosti.

There was a Hindu family that we got to know well --

Hinduistička obitelj koju smo dobro upoznali --

and you have to understand that life in our street

i morate razumjeti da je život u napoj ulici

was a little bit like the setting for an Asian soap opera.

bio poput scene za azijsku sapunicu.

Everyone knew everyone else's business,

Svi su znali tuđa posla,

even if they didn't want it to be known by anyone at all.

čak i ako nisu htjeli da ih itko zna.

You really had no choice in this matter.

Tu zaista niste imali izbora.

But in this family, there was a quiet little boy

Ali u ovoj obitelji bio je tihi mali dječak

who went to the same school as I did,

koji je išao u moju školu.

and after I left school, I didn't hear much more about him,

Bakon što sam završio školu, nisam čuo skoro ništa o njemu,

except that he'd gone off to India.

osim toga da je otišao u Indiju.

Now around 2000,

Oko 2000. godine

I remember seeing this short book.

sječam se da sam vidio ovu kratku knjigu.

The book was unusual

Knjiga je bila neobična

because it was written by a British supporter of Al Qaeda,

jer ju je napisao britanski pristaša Al-Kaide,

and in it the author calls for attacks in Britain.

a u njoj autor poziva na napade u Britaniji.

This is in 1999,

Bilo je to 1999.,

so 9/11 and the invasion of Iraq was still in the future,

pa je 11. rujna i iračka invazija tek slijedila

and he helped scout New York bombing targets.

i on je pomogao izviditi bombaške mete New Yorka.

He taught others how to make a dirty bomb to use on the London Underground,

Druge je naučio kako napraviti bombu koju će koristiti u londonskom podzemlju

and he plotted a massive bombing campaign in London's shopping areas.

i razradio je ogromnu bombašku kampanju u londonskim trgovačkim zonama.

He's a very high-risk security prisoner in the UK

On je zatvorenik visokog rizika u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu

and one of the most important Al Qaeda figures to be arrested in Britain.

i jedan od najvažnijih Al-Kaidinih traženih ličnosti u Britaniji.

The author of that book

Autor te knjige

was the very same quiet little boy

bio je isti tihi mali dječak

who went to my school.

iz moje škole.

So a Hindu boy from Britain

Hinduistički dječak iz Britanije

became an Al Qaeda fighter

postao je Al-Kaidin borac,

and a most-wanted international terrorist,

jedan od najtraženijih svjetskih terorista

and he rejected what people would call his Hindu or Indian or British identity,

i odbacio je svoj tzv. hinduistički, indijski ili britanski identitet

and he became someone else.

i postao je netko drugi.

He refused to be who he was.

Odbio je biti ono što jest.

He recreated himself,

Redefinirao se,

and this kind of journey is very common

a takva vrsta putovanja uobičajena je

for young men and women

za mlade muškarce i žene

who become involved in Al Qaeda or Islamic State

koji se umiješaju u Al-Kaidu ili Islamsku državu

or other transnational armed groups.

ili druge međunarodne oružane skupine.

Al Qaeda's media spokesman is a white American

Medijski glasnogovornik za Al-Kaidu je bijeli Amerikanac

from a Jewish and Catholic mixed background,

židovskog i katoličkoga miješanog podrijetla,

and neither he nor the boy from my school

a ni on ni dječak iz moje škole

were from Muslim backgrounds.

nisu muslimanskog podrijetla.

There's no point in asking them where are they from.

Nema ih smisla pitati odakle su.

A more important question is where they're going.

Važnije je pitanje gdje idu.

And I would also put it to you

Također bih vam naglasio

that exactly the same journey occurs for those young men and women

da potpuno isto putovanje prolaze oni mladi muškarci i žene

who were brought up in Muslim family backgrounds.

odgojeni u obiteljima muslimanskog podrijetla.

Most of those who join Al Qaeda

Većina osoba koje se pridruže Al-Kaidi

and other Salafi jihadi groups from Europe, Asia, North America,

i drugim selefijskim džihadskim skupinama iz Europe, Azije, Sjeverne Amerike,

even in many cases the Middle East

čak i srednjeg istoka,

are those who have comprehensively rejected their backgrounds

jesu oni koji su potpuno odbacili svoja podrijetla

to become, in essence, new people.

kako bi postali, u biti, novi ljudi.

They spend an enormous amount of time attacking their parents' backgrounds

Provode jako puno vremena napadajući podrijetla svojih roditelja

as profane, impure, blasphemous,

govoreći da su grešna, nečista, bezbožna,

the wrong type of Islam,

pogrešna vrsta islama,

and their vision instead

a njihovo je viđenje

is a fantastical view of cosmic apocalypse.

novokonvencionalni pogled kozmičke apokalipse.

It's a born again vision.

To je stajalište ponovno rođene osobe.

Discard your past, your society, your family and friends

Odbacite svoju prošlost, svoje društvo, svoju obitelj i prijatelje

since they're all impure.

jer su svi oni nečisti.

Instead, become someone else,

Postanite netko drugi,

your true self,

pravi vi,

your authentic self.

vaša autentična ličnost.

Now, this isn't about a return to the past.

Ovdje se ne radi o povratku u prošlost.

It's about using a forgery of the past

Tu se radi o krivotvorenju prošlosti

to envision an appalling future which begins today at year zero.

kako bi se zamislila strašna budućnost koja započinje danas, na nultu godinu.

This is why over 80 percent of the victims of Al Qaeda and Islamic State

To je razlog zašto je 80% žrtava Al-Kaide i Islamske države

are people from Muslim backgrounds.

muslimanskog podrijetla.

The first act by Salafi jihadi groups when they take over an area

Prvi čin selefijskih džihadskih skupina kad preuzmu područje

is to destroy existing Muslim institutions

je uništenje muslimanskih institucija

including mosques, shrines, preachers, practices.

uključujući džamije, svetišta, propovjednike, prakse.

Their main purpose is to control and punish people internally,

Osnovna svrha je kontrolirati i kažnjavati ljude iznutra,

to dictate the spaces that women may go,

diktirati područja u koja idu žene,

their clothing, family relations,

njihovu odjeću, obiteljske odnose,

beliefs, even the minute detail of how one prays.

uvjerenja i način molitve do u najsitnije detalje.

And you get the impression in the news

U vijestima dobijete dojam

that they are after us in the West,

da su krenuli na nas na Zapadu,

but they are actually mainly after people from other Muslim backgrounds.

ali zapravo su krenuli na ljude drugih muslimanskih podrijetla.

In their view, no other Muslim can ever be pure enough,

Oni smatraju da nijedan drugi Musliman ne može biti dovoljno čist,

so ordinary beliefs and practices that have existed for centuries

pa se obična vjerovanja i prakse koje postoje stoljećima

are attacked as impure

napadaju kao nečista

by teenagers from Birmingham or London

od strane tinejdžera iz Birmingmaha ili Londona

who know nothing

koji ne znaju ništa

about the histories that they so joyously obliterate.

o povijestima koje tako radosno uništavaju.

Now here, their claim to tradition is at war with history,

Njihovo pozivanje na tradiciju u sukobu je s povijesti,

but they're nevertheless very certain about their purity

ali svejedno su uvjereni u njezinu čistoću

and about the impurity of others.

i u grešnost ostalih.

Purity,

Čistoća

certainty,

sigurnost,

the return to authentic tradition,

povratak autentičnoj tradiciji,

the quest for these can lead to lethal visions

potraga za time može dovesti do smrtonosnih vizija

of perfect societies and perfected people.

savršenih društava i usavršenih pojedinaca.

This is what the main Hindu fundamentalist organization in India

Tako glavna hinduistička fundamentalistička organizacija u Indiji

looks like today at its mass rally.

danas izgleda na svom masovnom skupu.

Maybe it reminds you of the 1930s in Italy or Germany,

Možda vas to podsjeća na Italiju i Njemačku 30-ih godina,

and the movement's roots are indeed in fascism.

a korijeni pokreta su uistinu fašistički.

It was a member of the same Hindu fundamentalist movement

Član istog hinduističkog fundamentalističkog pokreta

who shot dead Mahatma Gandhi.

ubio je Mahatmu Gandhija.

Hindu fundamentalists today view this murderer as a national hero,

Hinduistički fundamentalisti danas na njega gledaju kao na nacionalnog junaka

and they want to put up statues of him throughout India.

i žele postaviti njegove kipove diljem Indije.

They've been involved for decades

Desetljećima su uključeni

in large-scale mass violence against minorities.

u masovna nasilja širokih razmjera prema manjinama.

They ban books, art, films.

Zabranjuju knjige, umjetnost, filmove.

They attack romantic couples on Valentine's Day,

Napadaju zaljubljene parove na Valentinovo,

Christians on Christmas Day.

a kršćane na Božić.

They don't like others talking critically

Ne vole kad drugi kritiziraju

about what they see as their ancient culture

ono što oni smatraju pradavnom kulturom

or using its images

ili kad koriste slike

or caricaturing it

ili rade karikature

or drawing cartoons about it.

ili crtiće o tome.

But the people making the strongest possible claims

Ali oni koji imaju najjače moguće tvrdnje

about ancient, timeless Hindu religion

o pradavnoj, bezvremenskoj hinduističkoj religiji

are dressed in brown shorts and white shirts

nose kratke smeđe hlače i bijele košulje

while claiming, oddly,

dok, začudo, tvrde

to be the original Aryan race,

da su originalna arijska rasa,

just like the violent Salafi jihadis

kao što nasilni selefijski džihadisti

who make their claims about their primordial religion

koji govore o svojoj iskonskoj religiji

while dressed in black military uniforms

obučeni u crne vojne uniforme

and wearing balaclavas.

i s fantomkama.

These people are manufacturing pure, pristine identities of conviction

Ti ljudi stvaraju čiste, izvorne identitete osuda

and of certainty.

i uvjerenja.

Fundamentalists see religion and culture as their sole property, a property.

Fundamentalisti religiju i kulturu vide kao samo njihovo vlasništvo, vlasništvo.

But religions and cultures are processes.

Ali religije i kulture su procesi.

They're not things. They're impermanent. They're messy. They're impure.

Nisu stvari. Nepostojani su. Zamršeni. Nečisti.

Look at any religion and you'll see disputes and arguments

Uzmite bilo koju religiju i naići ćete na sporove i svađe

going all the way down.

koji sežu do samog dna.

Any criticism of religion in any form

Bilo kakva kritika religije u bilo kojem obliku

has to therefore be

time mora biti

part of the expansive sense of humanity

dijelom šireg smisla čovječnosti

we should aspire to.

kojem trebamo težiti.

I respect your right to have and to express your religion

Poštujem vaše pravo da imate i manifestirate svoju religiju

or your culture or your opinion,

ili kulturu ili mišljenje,

but I don't necessarily have to respect the content.

ali ja ne moram nužno poštovati njihov sadržaj.

I might like some of it.

Može mi se sviđati dio nje.

I might like how an old church looks, for example,

Može mi se npr. svišati kako stara crkva izgleda,

but this isn't the same thing.

ali to nije ista stvar.

Similarly, I have a human right

Slično tome, imam ljudsko pravo

to say something that you may find offensive,

reći nešto što ćete možda smatrati uvredljivim,

but you do not have a human right not to be offended.

ali vi nemate ljudsko pravo ne biti uvrijeđeni.

In a genuine democracy, we're constantly offended

U istinskoj demokraciji, neprestano smo uvrijeđeni

since people express different views all the time.

jer ljudi konstantno izražavaju različita stajališta.

They also change their views,

Takošer mijenjaju svoja stajališta,

so their views are impermanent.

pa su ona time nepostojana.

You cannot fix someone's political views

Ne možete popraviti nečija politička stjaališta

based on their religious or national or cultural background.

ovisno o njihovom religijskom, nacionalnom, kulturnom podrijetlu.

Now, these points about religious purity

Te tvrdnje o religijskoj čistoći

also apply to nationalism and to racism.

također se mogu primijeniti na nacionalizam i rasizam.

I'm always puzzled

Uvijek me čudi

to have pride in your national or ethnic identity,

ponos u nacionalni ili etnički identitet,

pride in the accident of birth from a warm and cozy womb,

ponos zbog slučajnosti rođenja iz tople i ugodne utrobe,

belief in your superiority because of the accident of birth.

vjerovanje u vlastitu superioronost zbog slučajnosti rođenja.

These people have very firm ideas

Ovi ljudi imaju jako čvrste ideje

about what belongs and what doesn't belong

o tome što pripada i što ne pripada

inside the cozy national cultures that they imagine.

unutar tih udobnih nacionalnih kultura koje zamišljaju.

And I'm going to caricature a bit here, but only a little bit.

Malo ću karikirati ovdje, ali samo malo.

I want you to imagine the supporter of some Little Englander

želim da zamislite pristašu nekog Little Englandera

or British nationalist political party,

ili nacionalističke političke stranke

and he's sitting at home

kako sjedi kod kuće

and he's screaming about foreigners

i dere se na neke strance

invading his country

koji napadaju njegovu zemlju

while watching Fox News,

dok gleda vijesti na Foxu,

an American cable channel

američku kabelsku televiziju

owned by an Australian

čiji je vlasnik Australac,

on his South Korean television set

na televizoru iz Sjeverne Koreje

which was bought by his Spanish credit card

koji je kupio španjolskom kreditnom karticom

which is paid off monthly by his high-street British bank

koju otplaćuje na mjesečne rate u svojoj narodnoj britanskoj banci

which has its headquarters in Hong Kong.

čije je sjedište u Hong Kongu.

He supports a British football team owned by a Russian.

Podržava britanski nogometni tim koji je u vlasništvu Rusa.

His favorite brand of fish and chips

Njegov najdraži brend ribe i pomfrita

is owned by a Swedish venture capitalist firm.

u vlasništvu je tvrtke švedskog poduzetničkog kapitala.

The church he sometimes goes to

O vjerovanju crkve u koju ponekad ide

has its creed decided in meetings in Ghana.

odlučuje se na sastancima u Gani.

His Union Jack underpants

Njegove gaće sa zastavom

were made in India.

izrađene su u Indiji.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And --

I --

(Applause)

(Pljesak)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

And they're laundered regularly

I redovno ih pere

by a very nice Polish lady.

pored drage Poljakinje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

There is no pure ethnicity, national culture,

Nema čiste etničnosti, nacionalne kulture

and the ethical choices we have today

i etički izbori koje danas imamo

are far wider than being forced to choose

puno su širi od toga da nas se sili da biramo

between racist right and religious right visions,

između rasnog prava i vizija religijskog prava,

dismal visions of culture.

tužnih vizija kulture.

Now, culture isn't just about language, food, clothing and music,

Kultura se ne odnosi samo na jezik, hranu, odjeću i glazbu,

but gender relations, ancient monuments,

već i na odnose između spolova, spomenike iz davnine,

a heritage of sacred texts.

baštinu svetih tekstova.

But culture can also be what has been decided to be culture

Ali kultura može biti i ono za što se odlučilo da je kultura

by those who have a political stake

od strane onih koji imaju politički interes

in pounding culture into the shape of a prison.

u oblikovanju kulturu u oblik zatvora.

Big political identity claims are elite bids for power.

Velike tvrdnje o političkom identitetu elitna su nastojanja za vlast.

They're not answers to social or economic or political injustices.

Nisu to samo odgovori na socijalne ili ekonomske ili političke nepravde.

They often obscure them.

Često iz zamagle.

And what about the large number of people across the globe

A što je s velikim brojem ljudi diljem svijeta

who can't point to a monument from their past,

što ne mogu ukazati na spomenik svoje prošlosti,

who don't possess a sacred written text,

ne posjeduju sveti pisani tekst,

who can't hark back

ne mogu se prisjetiti

to the past glories of a civilization or empire?

prijašnje slave civilizacije ili carstva?

Are these people less a part of humanity?

čini li ih to manje dijelom čovječanstva?

What about you,

A što je s vama

now, listening to this?

koji upravo ovo slušate?

What about you and your identity,

što je s vama i vašim identitetom

because you stitch your experiences and your thoughts into a continuous person

jer ste spojili svoja iskustva i svoje misli u neprekinutu ličnost

moving forward in time.

koja se kreće prema naprijed.

And this is what you are when you say,

To ste kad kažete

"I," "am," or "me."

"Ja", "sam" ili "mene".

But this also includes all of your hopes and dreams,

Ali to uključuje i sva naša nadanja i snove,

all of the you's that could have been,

svako "vi" koje ste mogli biti

and it includes all the other people

i uključuje sve druge ljude

and the things that are in the biography of who you are.

i stvari koje su u biografiji vašeg identiteta.

They, the others,

Oni, drugi,

are also a part of you,

također su dio vas,

moving forward with you.

kreću se prema naprijed s vama.

Your authentic self, if such a thing exists,

Vaša autentična ličnost, ako takvo što uopće postoji,

is a complex, messy and uncertain self,

kompleksna je, zamršena i nesigurna suština,

and that is a very good thing.

a to je jako dobro.

Why not value those impurities and uncertainties?

Zašto ne cijeniti te nečistoće i nesigurnosti?

Maybe clinging to pure identities is a sign of immaturity,

Možda je to što se držimo čistih identiteta znak nesigurnosti

and ethnic, nationalist and religious traditions are bad for you.

i etničke, nacionalističke, religijske tradicije su loše za vas.

Why not be skeptical about every primordial origin claim

Zašto ne biti skeptičan prema izjavama o iskonskom podrijetlu

made on your behalf?

izrečenim u vaše ime?

Why not reject the identity myths that call on you to belong,

Zašto ne odbiti mitove o identitetu koje vas pozivaju na pripadanje,

that politicians and community leaders,

koje vam političari i vođe zajednice,

so-called community leaders,

takozvane vođe zajednice,

place on you?

nameću?

If we don't need origin stories and fixed identities,

Ako ne trebamo priče o podrijetlu i utvrđenim identitetima,

we can challenge ourselves to think creatively

možemo se izazivati da kreativno razmišljamo

about each other and our future.

jedni o drugima i o našoj budućnosti.

And here culture always takes care of itself.

Tu se kultura uvijek pobrine sama o sebi.

I'm not worried about culture.

Ne brinem se ja za kulturu.

Cultures are creative, dynamic processes,

Kulture su kreativni, dinamički procesi,

not imposed laws and boundaries.

koje ne nameću zakoni i granice.

This is Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd,

Ovo je Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd,

a very senior Muslim judge and thinker in Cordoba in the 12th century,

stari muslimanski sudac i mislilac u Cordobi u 12. stoljeću,

and his writings were considered deeply blasphemous, heretical and evil.

a njegovi su uradci smatrani bogohulnim, heretičkim i zlim.

Long after he died,

Dugo nakon njegove smrti,

followers of his work were ruthlessly hunted down,

sljedbenici njegovog rada okrutno su proganjani,

banished and killed over several centuries

prognani i ubijani stoljećima

by the most powerful religious institution of the medieval period.

od strane najmoćnije srednjovjekovne religijske institucije.

That institution was the Roman Catholic Church.

Ta je institucija bila rimokatolička crkva.

Why?

Zašto?

Because ibn Rushd said that something true in religion

Zato što je ibn Rushd rekao da nešto istinito u religiji

may conflict with something

može biti u sukobu s nečim

that your reason finds to be true on earth,

što vaš razum smatra istinitim na zemlji,

but the latter is still true.

ali potonje je i dalje istinito.

There are two distinct worlds of truth,

Postoje dva različita svijeta istine,

one based on our reason and evidence, and one that is divine,

jedan utemeljen na našem razumu i dokazima, a drugi je božanski,

and the state, political power, social law are in the realm of reason.

a država, politička moć, društveni zakon nalaze se u sferi razuma.

Religious life is a different realm.

Religijski život je drugačija sfera.

They should be kept separated.

Trebali bi biti odvojeni.

Social and political life should be governed by our reason,

Društvenim i političkim životom treba upravljati razum,

not by religion.

a ne religija.

And you can see why the church was upset by his writings,

Shvaćate zašto je crkvu njegovo pisanje uznemirilo ,

as indeed were some Muslims during his lifetime,

kao i neke Muslimane tijekom njegova života

because he gives us a strong statement of secularism

- jer nam daje snažnu sekularističku izjavu

of a kind which is normal in Europe today.

kakva je danas u Europi normalna.

Now, history plays many tricks on us.

Povijest se poigrava s nama.

It undermines our fixed truths

Potkopava utvrđene istine

and what we believe to be our culture and their culture.

i ono što vjerujemo da je naša i njihova kultura.

Ibn Rushd, someone who happens to be a Muslim,

Ibn Rushd, netko tko je Musliman

is considered one of the key influences

smatra se jednim od ključnih utjecaja

in the introduction and spread of secularism in Europe.

u uvođenju i širenju sekularizma u Europi.

So against religious, nationalist and racial purists of all kinds,

Na osnovi religijskih, nacionalističkih i rasnih purista svake vrste

can you make his story a part of your own,

možete njegovu priču učiniti dijelom vaše,

not because he happened to be a Muslim,

ne zbog toga što je Musliman,

not because he happened to be an Arab,

ne zbog toga što je Arap,

but because he was a human being

nego zato što je ljudsko biće

with some very good ideas

s iznimno dobrim idejama

that shook his world

koje su potresle njegov

and ours.

i naš svijet.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)