Dare to refuse the origin myths that claim who you are | Chetan Bhatt

117,496 views ใƒป 2017-09-15

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: DFLHS X TED TRANSLATORS ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
I'm Chetan Bhatt
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์ €๋Š” ์น˜ํƒ„ ๋ฐ”ํŠธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:13
and when I give my name, I'm often asked, "Where are you from?"
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์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ
"์–ด๋”” ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์„ธ์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌป๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
And I normally say London.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:22
But of course, I know what they're really asking,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
so I say something like,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
"Well, my grandparents and my mum were born in India,
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"์Œ, ์ œ ์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜๊ณผ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋„์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚˜์…จ๊ณ 
00:30
my dad and I were born in Kenya,
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์ œ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€์™€ ์ €๋Š” ์ผ€๋ƒ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
00:33
and I was brought up in London.
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์ €๋Š” ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
00:35
And then they've got me mapped.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋‹ค ํŒŒ์•…ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
"Ah, you're a Kenyan Asian. I've worked with one of those."
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"์•„, ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ผ€๋ƒ๊ณ„ ์•„์‹œ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
์ด์ „์— ๊ทธ์ชฝ ์ถœ์‹ ๊ณผ ์ผํ•ด ๋ดค์–ด์š”."
00:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:41
And from my name they probably assume that I'm a Hindu.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์•„๋งˆ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ์‹ ์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
And this sort of fixes me for them.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…์ด ๋ผ์ฃ .
00:48
But what about the Christians
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž๋ž€ ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ ๊ต๋„์™€
00:50
and the Muslims and the atheists
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๋ฌด์‹ ๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€์š”?
00:53
that I grew up with?
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00:55
Or the socialists and the liberals,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์‚ฌํšŒ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค
00:57
even the occasional Tory?
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๊ฐ€๋” ์žˆ๋Š” ํ† ๋ฆฌ๋‹น ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์€์š”?
01:00
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
01:01
Indeed, all kinds of women and men --
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์ •๋ง, ๊ฐ์ข… ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค
01:03
vegetable sellers, factory workers, cooks, car mechanics --
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์ฑ„์†Œ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ๊ณต์žฅ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค, ์š”๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ๋“ค, ์ž๋™์ฐจ ์ •๋น„๊ณต๋“ค
01:06
living in my working class area,
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์ œ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์˜ ๋…ธ๋™์ž ๊ณ„๊ธ‰ ๋™๋„ค์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
01:08
in some profoundly important way,
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๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ๊ณ  ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ
01:11
they are also a part of me
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์ œ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:12
and are here with me.
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์ €์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
Maybe that's why I find it hard to respond to questions about identity
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์—
๋‹ต๋ณ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
and about origin.
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01:21
And it's not just a sort of teenage refusal to be labeled.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฑด ๊ทธ์ € ๋ถ„๋ฅ˜๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๋Š”์‚ฌ์ถ˜๊ธฐ์  ๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์‹ฌ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
It's about our own most identities,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
the ones that we put our hands up to,
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ํ˜ธ๋ช…ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†์„ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค,
01:30
the ones that we cheer for,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‘์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
01:32
the ones that we fight for,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‚ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค
01:34
the ones that we love or hate.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฏธ์›Œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
And it's about how we apprehend ourselves
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์™€ ํƒ€์ธ์„
01:40
as well as others.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
And it's about identities we just assume that we have
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
01:44
without thinking too much about them.
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๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
But our responses to questions of identity and origin
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์›์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ๋“ค์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์€
01:51
have substantial social and political importance.
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๋ฌผ์งˆ์ ์ธ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
We see the wars, the rages of identity going on all around us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ „์Ÿ๊ณผ, ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋ฅผ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
We see violent religious, national and ethnic disputes.
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์ข…๊ต, ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ๋ฏผ์กฑ์  ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•œ ํญ๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And often the conflict is based on old stories of identity
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ”ํžˆ ์ด ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์€ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์˜›์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค๊ณผ
02:11
and belonging
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์†Œ์†
02:12
and origins.
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๊ธฐ์›๋“ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
And these identities are based on myths,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ์›์‹œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์›๋“ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
02:17
typically about ancient, primordial origins.
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์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
And these could be about Adam and Eve
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹ด๊ณผ ์ด๋ธŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:23
or about the supremacy of a caste or gender
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๊ณ„๊ธ‰์ด๋‚˜ ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์šฐ์›”์„ฑ
02:26
or about the vitality of a supposed race
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ํ˜น์€ ํŠน์ • ์ธ์ข…์˜ ์šฐ์›”์„ฑ
02:29
or about the past glories of an empire or civilization
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ํ˜น์€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ์ง€๋‚œ ์˜๊ด‘
02:32
or about a piece of land
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ํ˜น์€ ์‹ ์ด ์ถ•๋ณต์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง€๋Š”
02:34
that some imagined deity has gifted.
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๋•…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Now, people say
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์ด์ œ, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ์› ์„คํ™”๋“ค๊ณผ
02:40
that origin stories and identity myths make us feel secure.
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์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
What's wrong with that?
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ๋ญ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์˜์ฃ ?
02:45
They give us a sense of belonging.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์†Œ์†๊ฐ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
Identity is your cultural clothing,
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์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ์˜ท์ด๊ณ 
02:48
and it can make you feel warm and fuzzy inside.
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์†์„ ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
But does it really?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:54
Do we really need identity myths to feel safe?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”ํ•œ๊ฐ€์š”?
02:57
Because I see religious, national, ethnic disputes
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ €๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์ , ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ , ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์Ÿ๋“ค์ด
03:01
as adding to human misery.
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์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณ ํ†ต์„ ๋”ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:05
Can I dare you
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๋„์ „ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:06
to refuse every origin myth
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ๊ทœ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์›์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์„
03:10
that claims you?
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
03:12
What if we reject every single primordial origin myth
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ธฐ์›์‹ ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:16
and develop a deeper sense of personhood,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋” ๊นŠ์€ ์ž๊ฐ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:20
one responsible to humanity as a whole
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ํŠน์ • ๋ถ€์กฑ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:22
rather than to a particular tribe,
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
03:25
a radically different idea of humanity
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๊ธฐ์› ์„คํ™”๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ๋ž€์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:27
that exposes how origin myths mystify,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํž˜์„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ณ , ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์‚ฌ์น˜
03:32
disguise global power,
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๋นˆ๊ณค, ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์–ต์••
03:34
rapacious exploitation,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๋Š”
03:36
poverty, the worldwide oppression of women and girls,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š”
03:40
and of course massive, accelerating inequalities?
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์ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด์š”?
03:46
Now, origin myths are closely linked to tradition,
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๊ธฐ์›์‹ ํ™”๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์— ๋งŽ์ด ๊ด€๋ จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:48
and the word tradition points to something old
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์ „ํ†ต์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋˜๊ณ 
03:51
and permanent, almost natural,
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด๊ณ , ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹œ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:53
and people assume tradition is just history,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ „ํ†ต์ด ๋‹จ์ง€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ
03:56
simply the past condensed into a nice story.
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์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์••์ถ•๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
But let's not confuse tradition with history.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ํ†ต๊ณผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ˜ผ๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง™์‹œ๋‹ค.
04:02
The two are often in severe conflict.
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๊ทธ ๋‘˜์€ ๊ฐ€๋” ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ•œ ์ถฉ๋Œ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Origin stories are usually recently created fictions of ancient belonging,
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๊ธฐ์› ์„คํ™”๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์†Œ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ
04:10
and they're absurd
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์ฐฝ์กฐ๋œ ํ—ˆ๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋“ค์€
04:12
given the complexity of humanity
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ณต์žกํ•จ๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒํ˜ธ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
04:13
and our vastly interconnected, even if very unequal world.
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๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜๋ฉด ํ„ฐ๋ฌด๋‹ˆ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:18
And today we see claims to tradition
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š”
04:21
that claim to be ancient
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์ „ํ†ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด
04:23
changing rapidly in front of our eyes.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ˆˆ ์•ž์—์„œ ๊ธ‰์†ํžˆ ๋ณ€ํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:28
I was brought up in the 1970s near Wembley
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์ €๋Š” 1970๋…„๋Œ€ ์›ธ๋ธ”๋ฆฌ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—์„œ
04:30
with Asian, English, Caribbean, Irish families living in our street,
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์•„์‹œ์•„, ์˜๊ตญ
์นด๋ฆฌ๋ธŒํ•ด, ์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ ์ž๋ž๊ณ 
04:35
and the neo-Nazi National Front was massive then
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ ๋‚˜์น˜๊ตญ๋ฏผ์ „์„ ๋‹น์€ ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
with regular marches and attacks on us
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์ธ ํ–‰์ง„๊ณผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๊ณผ
04:41
and a permanent threat
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์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ธ ํ˜‘๋ฐ•
04:42
and often a frequent reality of violence against us
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ž์ฃผ ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง‘์—์„œ
04:46
on the streets, in our homes,
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๋ณดํ†ต ์‹ ๋‚˜์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ฃผ์˜์— ์˜ํ•œ
04:49
typically by neo-Nazis and other racists.
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์žฆ์€ ํญ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
And I remember during a general election a leaflet came through our letter box
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์„ ๊ฑฐ ์ค‘์— ์šฐํŽธํ•จ์œผ๋กœ
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตฌ์—ญ์˜ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ „์„ ๋‹น ์ž…ํ›„๋ณด์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ๋Š”
04:56
with a picture of the National Front candidate for our area.
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์ „๋‹จ์ด ์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ „ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
And the picture
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์€
05:02
was of our next-door neighbor.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜† ์ง‘ ์ด์›ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
He threatened to shoot me once when I played in the garden as a kid,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ •์›์—์„œ ๋†€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์ด์˜€์„ ๋•Œ ์ ˆ ์˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ˜‘๋ฐ•ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:08
and many weekends, shaven-headed National Front activists
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๋งŽ์€ ์ฃผ๋ง๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฏผ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์ „์„ ๋‹น ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
05:11
arrived at his house
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ง‘์— ๋„์ฐฉํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:13
and emerged with scores of placards
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๋งŽ์€ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๋ง‰๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
05:15
screaming that they wanted us to go back home.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
But today he's one of my mum's best mates.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ๋Š”
์ œ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์นœํ•œ ์นœ๊ตฌ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
He's a very lovely, gentle and kind man,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ์ž์ƒํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฐฉํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์ด๊ณ 
05:29
and at some point in his political journey out of fascism
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ํŒŒ์‹œ์ฆ˜์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์—ฌ์ •์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์—์„œ
05:33
he embraced a broader idea of humanity.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋” ๋„“์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:37
There was a Hindu family that we got to know well --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
and you have to understand that life in our street
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ์˜ ์‚ถ์€
05:42
was a little bit like the setting for an Asian soap opera.
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์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ์—ฐ์†๊ทน์˜ ์„ค์ •๊ณผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋น„์Šทํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•„์…”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Everyone knew everyone else's business,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:47
even if they didn't want it to be known by anyone at all.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•Œ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
You really had no choice in this matter.
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
But in this family, there was a quiet little boy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๋Š” ์ €์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฐ„
05:56
who went to the same school as I did,
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
and after I left school, I didn't hear much more about him,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„๋กœ ๊ฐ”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์˜์™ธ์—๋Š”
06:01
except that he'd gone off to India.
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๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
Now around 2000,
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์ด์ œ 2000๋…„ ์ฏค์—
06:08
I remember seeing this short book.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์งง์€ ์ฑ…์„ ๋ณธ ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:12
The book was unusual
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์€ ํŠน์ดํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
because it was written by a British supporter of Al Qaeda,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค ์ง€์ง€์ž๊ฐ€ ์ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
and in it the author calls for attacks in Britain.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์—์„œ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์ด‰๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
This is in 1999,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1999๋…„์—
06:22
so 9/11 and the invasion of Iraq was still in the future,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ 9.11 ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์ด๋ผํฌ ์นจ๊ณต์ด ์•„์ง ํ–‰ํ•ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ,
06:26
and he helped scout New York bombing targets.
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‰ด์š•์˜ ํญ๊ฒฉ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์ •์ฐฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:29
He taught others how to make a dirty bomb to use on the London Underground,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ• 
06:33
and he plotted a massive bombing campaign in London's shopping areas.
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๋”๋Ÿฌ์šด ํญํƒ„์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณค๊ณ 
๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์ƒ์—… ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํญ๊ฒฉ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ๊ณ„ํšํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
He's a very high-risk security prisoner in the UK
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ณด์•ˆ์ƒ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ฃ„์ˆ˜์˜€๊ณ 
06:41
and one of the most important Al Qaeda figures to be arrested in Britain.
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฒดํฌ๋œ ์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค ์ธ๋ฌผ ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
The author of that book
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๊ทธ ์ฑ…์˜ ์ž‘๊ฐ€๋Š”
06:49
was the very same quiet little boy
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ ํ•™๊ต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š”
06:52
who went to my school.
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์กฐ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋‚จ์ž์•„์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
So a Hindu boy from Britain
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต ์•„์ด๋Š”
06:57
became an Al Qaeda fighter
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์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค ์ „์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
06:58
and a most-wanted international terrorist,
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๊ตญ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋ช… ์ˆ˜๋ฐฐ ์ค‘์ธ ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์ด๊ณ 
07:00
and he rejected what people would call his Hindu or Indian or British identity,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํžŒ๋‘, ์ธ๋„ ๋˜๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
and he became someone else.
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07:07
He refused to be who he was.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
He recreated himself,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:12
and this kind of journey is very common
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์€
07:14
for young men and women
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์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค๋‚˜ IS
07:15
who become involved in Al Qaeda or Islamic State
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๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดˆ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ๋ฌด์žฅ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋œ
07:19
or other transnational armed groups.
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์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ํ”ํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Al Qaeda's media spokesman is a white American
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์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค์˜ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด ๋Œ€๋ณ€์ธ์€
07:26
from a Jewish and Catholic mixed background,
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์œ ๋Œ€๊ต์™€ ์นดํ†จ๋ฆญ์ด ์„ž์ธ ์ง‘์•ˆ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ธ๋ฐ
07:29
and neither he nor the boy from my school
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๊ทธ๋‚˜ ์ œ ํ•™๊ต์˜ ์•„์ด ๋‘˜ ๋‹ค ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ์ง‘์•ˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
were from Muslim backgrounds.
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07:34
There's no point in asking them where are they from.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋”” ์ถœ์‹ ์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌป๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
A more important question is where they're going.
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๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋””์— ๊ฐ€๋Š”์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:40
And I would also put it to you
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋˜ํ•œ
07:42
that exactly the same journey occurs for those young men and women
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๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ์ง‘์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ž๋ผ๋‚œ ์ Š์€ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ
07:45
who were brought up in Muslim family backgrounds.
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์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:48
Most of those who join Al Qaeda
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์•Œ ์นด์—๋‹ค์™€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ์•„์‹œ์•„, ๋ถ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด
07:51
and other Salafi jihadi groups from Europe, Asia, North America,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ค‘๋™์˜ ์‚ด๋ผํ”ผ ์ง€ํ•˜๋“œ ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ์—
07:56
even in many cases the Middle East
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ํ•ฉ๋ฅ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
07:57
are those who have comprehensively rejected their backgrounds
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๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
08:01
to become, in essence, new people.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
They spend an enormous amount of time attacking their parents' backgrounds
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์ด
08:09
as profane, impure, blasphemous,
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๋ถˆ๊ฒฝํ•˜๊ณ , ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋…์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šฐ๋ฉฐ
08:13
the wrong type of Islam,
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์œ ํ˜•์ด๋ผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
08:15
and their vision instead
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๋Œ€์‹ ์— ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์ „์€
08:16
is a fantastical view of cosmic apocalypse.
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์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ํŒŒ๋ฉธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:21
It's a born again vision.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
Discard your past, your society, your family and friends
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ, ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๊ณผ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค์€
08:26
since they're all impure.
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๋ถˆ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ์„ธ์š”.
08:29
Instead, become someone else,
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๋Œ€์‹ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
08:33
your true self,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์•„
08:35
your authentic self.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ž์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
08:38
Now, this isn't about a return to the past.
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์ด์ œ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
It's about using a forgery of the past
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ„์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ
08:46
to envision an appalling future which begins today at year zero.
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๋งˆ์Œ์†์— 0๋…„์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
This is why over 80 percent of the victims of Al Qaeda and Islamic State
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ์นด์—๋‹ค์™€ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž์˜ 80ํผ์„ผํŠธ ์ด์ƒ์ด
08:54
are people from Muslim backgrounds.
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์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„์ธ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
The first act by Salafi jihadi groups when they take over an area
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์‚ด๋ผํ”ผ ์ง€ํ•˜๋”” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์žฅ์•…ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํ–‰๋™์€
09:00
is to destroy existing Muslim institutions
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๋ชจ์Šคํฌ, ์„ฑ์ง€, ์ „๋„์‚ฌ, ๊ด€ํ–‰๋“ค์„ ํฌํ•จํ•œ
09:03
including mosques, shrines, preachers, practices.
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์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต์„ ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
Their main purpose is to control and punish people internally,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๋ชฉ์ ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋‚ด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฒ˜๋ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ 
09:11
to dictate the spaces that women may go,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐˆ ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฐ„
09:14
their clothing, family relations,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์˜์ƒ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ด€๊ณ„
09:16
beliefs, even the minute detail of how one prays.
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๋ฏฟ์Œ, ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ด ๊ธฐ๋„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์„ธํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:20
And you get the impression in the news
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ
09:23
that they are after us in the West,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„œ๋ถ€์—์„œ ์ €ํฌ์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”๋ฐ
09:26
but they are actually mainly after people from other Muslim backgrounds.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋’ค๋ฅผ ์ซ“๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
In their view, no other Muslim can ever be pure enough,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ, ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ๊ต๋„๋„ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ณ 
09:37
so ordinary beliefs and practices that have existed for centuries
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ช‡ ์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋™์•ˆ ์กด์žฌํ•ด์˜จ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๊ด€์Šต๋“ค์ด
09:40
are attacked as impure
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์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
09:42
by teenagers from Birmingham or London
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์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ํ”์ ์„ ์—†์• ๋Š”
09:45
who know nothing
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๋ฒ„๋ฐํ—˜๊ณผ ๋Ÿฐ๋˜์˜ ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:48
about the histories that they so joyously obliterate.
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์ˆœ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:54
Now here, their claim to tradition is at war with history,
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ํ˜„์‹œ์ ์—์„œ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ด€์Šต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ „์Ÿ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ
09:59
but they're nevertheless very certain about their purity
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ˆœ๊ฒฐํ•จ๊ณผ
10:02
and about the impurity of others.
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฐํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํ™•์‹คํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
Purity,
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์ˆœ๊ฒฐํ•จ
10:08
certainty,
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ํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ
10:10
the return to authentic tradition,
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์ง„์งœ์˜ ๊ด€์Šต์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๊ท€ํ™˜
10:11
the quest for these can lead to lethal visions
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ์ƒ‰์€
10:15
of perfect societies and perfected people.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์™€ ์™„๋ฒฝํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
This is what the main Hindu fundamentalist organization in India
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ธ๋””์•„์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ํžŒ๋‘ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹ ์ž ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€
10:23
looks like today at its mass rally.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ตฐ์ค‘๋Œ€ํšŒ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Maybe it reminds you of the 1930s in Italy or Germany,
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ 1930๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ˜น์€ ๋…์ผ์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:29
and the movement's roots are indeed in fascism.
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์ด ์›€์ง์ž„๋“ค์˜ ๊ทผ์›์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ํŒŒ์‹œ์ฆ˜์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
It was a member of the same Hindu fundamentalist movement
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๊ทธ๋Š” ๋งˆํ•˜ํŠธ๋งˆ ๊ฐ„๋””๋ฅผ ์ด์œผ๋กœ ์ด ์ฃฝ์ธ
10:35
who shot dead Mahatma Gandhi.
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๊ฐ™์€ ํžŒ๋‘ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:39
Hindu fundamentalists today view this murderer as a national hero,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํžŒ๋‘ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด ์•”์‚ด์ž๋ฅผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์  ์˜์›…์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ,
10:45
and they want to put up statues of him throughout India.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ทธ์˜ ๋™์ƒ์„ ์ธ๋„ ์ „์—ญ์— ์„ธ์šฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
They've been involved for decades
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ
10:50
in large-scale mass violence against minorities.
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ํญ๋ ฅ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„ ์ฃผ๋„ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
They ban books, art, films.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฑ…, ์˜ˆ์ˆ , ์˜ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ 
10:55
They attack romantic couples on Valentine's Day,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๋งˆ์Šค์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋…๊ต์ธ๋“ค์„
10:57
Christians on Christmas Day.
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๋ฐœ๋ Œํƒ€์ธ ๋ฐ์ด์—๋Š” ์—ฐ์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:00
They don't like others talking critically
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด '๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋ฌธํ™”'๋ผ๊ณ 
11:02
about what they see as their ancient culture
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์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ
11:05
or using its images
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๋‚จ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์ƒ์ง•์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:07
or caricaturing it
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์บ๋ฆฌ์ปค์ณ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
11:08
or drawing cartoons about it.
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๊ทธ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋งŒํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ซ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
But the people making the strongest possible claims
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ์˜์›ํ•œ ํžŒ๋‘๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
11:16
about ancient, timeless Hindu religion
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
11:18
are dressed in brown shorts and white shirts
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๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐ”์ง€์™€ ํฐ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…๊ณ 
11:21
while claiming, oddly,
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์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ฒ€์€์ƒ‰ ๊ตฐ๋ณต๊ณผ
11:24
to be the original Aryan race,
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๋ฐฉํ•œ๋ณต์„ ์ž…์€ ์ฑ„
11:27
just like the violent Salafi jihadis
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ํƒœ๊ณ ์˜ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
11:29
who make their claims about their primordial religion
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์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํŽผ์น˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
11:32
while dressed in black military uniforms
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ํญ๋ ฅ์  ์‚ด๋ผํ”ผ ์ง€ํ•˜๋“œ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
11:35
and wearing balaclavas.
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์ž์‹ ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ์•„๋ฆฌ์•„ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
These people are manufacturing pure, pristine identities of conviction
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‹ ๋…๊ณผ ํ™•์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜ค์—ผ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€
11:42
and of certainty.
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์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
Fundamentalists see religion and culture as their sole property, a property.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜์ž๋“ค์€ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ, ์ฆ‰ ์žฌ์‚ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
But religions and cultures are processes.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข…๊ต์™€ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
They're not things. They're impermanent. They're messy. They're impure.
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์–ด๋Š ์ข…๊ต๋“  ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํƒ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
11:54
Look at any religion and you'll see disputes and arguments
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์•„์ฃผ ๊นŠ์€ ๋…ผ์Ÿ๊ณผ
11:57
going all the way down.
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๋งˆ์ฃผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
Any criticism of religion in any form
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ข…๊ต์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:05
has to therefore be
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์–ด๋Š ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๋„
12:07
part of the expansive sense of humanity
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐˆ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:09
we should aspire to.
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ํ™•์žฅ์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:12
I respect your right to have and to express your religion
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์ „ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ์ข…๊ต, ๋ฌธํ™”, ๊ฐœ์ธ์  ์˜๊ฒฌ์„
12:16
or your culture or your opinion,
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ํ‘œ์ถœํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
12:19
but I don't necessarily have to respect the content.
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๊ทธ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์กด์ค‘ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌด๋Š” ์ €์—๊ฒŒ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
I might like some of it.
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:23
I might like how an old church looks, for example,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ €๋Š” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ตํšŒ์˜ ์ƒ๊น€์ƒˆ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•  ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ผ๋„
12:26
but this isn't the same thing.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
Similarly, I have a human right
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์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ
์ œ๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด๊ธฐ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜์˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœ์–ธ์„ ํ•  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
12:31
to say something that you may find offensive,
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12:33
but you do not have a human right not to be offended.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์พŒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
In a genuine democracy, we're constantly offended
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์œ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋งค๋ฒˆ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ด€์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
12:39
since people express different views all the time.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ทน๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:42
They also change their views,
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์—
12:45
so their views are impermanent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์€ ๋น„์˜๊ตฌ์ ์ด์ฃ .
12:46
You cannot fix someone's political views
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ข…๊ต๋‚˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ , ๋ฌธํ™”์ ์ธ ์‹ ๋…์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ
12:50
based on their religious or national or cultural background.
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ํƒ€์ธ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ€ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
Now, these points about religious purity
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์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๊ต์  ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋Š”
12:57
also apply to nationalism and to racism.
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์ธ์ข…๋ฐ•ํ•ด์™€ ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฃผ์˜์—๋„ ์ ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:02
I'm always puzzled
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์ €๋Š” ์–ธ์ œ๋‚˜ ๋‹นํ™ฉ์Šค๋Ÿฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:05
to have pride in your national or ethnic identity,
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๊ตญ์ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
13:11
pride in the accident of birth from a warm and cozy womb,
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๋”ฐ๋œปํ•˜๊ณ  ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์šฐ์—ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ถ€์‹ฌ
13:16
belief in your superiority because of the accident of birth.
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์šฐ์—ฐํ•œ ์ถœ์ƒ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ƒ๊ธด ์šฐ์›”๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์ด์š”.
13:21
These people have very firm ideas
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ํ™•๊ณ ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
13:23
about what belongs and what doesn't belong
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ํŽธ์•ˆํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์—
13:25
inside the cozy national cultures that they imagine.
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์†ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹์ด์ฃ .
13:29
And I'm going to caricature a bit here, but only a little bit.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ, ์•„์ฃผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์บ๋ฆฌ์ปค์ณ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
I want you to imagine the supporter of some Little Englander
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์–ด๋Š ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ํ›„์›์ž
ํ˜น์€ ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์ •๋‹น์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
13:36
or British nationalist political party,
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13:38
and he's sitting at home
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ง‘์— ์•‰์•„
13:39
and he's screaming about foreigners
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์–ด๋Š ํ˜ธ์ฃผ์ธ ์†Œ์œ ์˜
13:42
invading his country
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์ฒด๋„์ธ Fox News๋ฅผ
13:44
while watching Fox News,
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๋‚จํ•œ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๋ฉฐ
13:46
an American cable channel
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๊ทธ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์นจ๋ฒ”ํ•˜๋Š”
13:48
owned by an Australian
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์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค์„ ํ–ฅํ•ด ์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
13:49
on his South Korean television set
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๊ทธ ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ ผ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ํ™์ฝฉ์— ๋ณธ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๋‘”
13:52
which was bought by his Spanish credit card
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์–ด๋Š ์˜๊ตญ ์ค‘์‹ฌ๊ฐ€์˜ ์€ํ–‰์—
13:55
which is paid off monthly by his high-street British bank
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๋งค๋‹ฌ ๋ˆ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๋Š”
13:58
which has its headquarters in Hong Kong.
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์‹ ์šฉ์นด๋“œ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋งคํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
14:02
He supports a British football team owned by a Russian.
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์ธ ์†Œ์œ ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ์ถ•๊ตฌํŒ€์„ ์‘์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:06
His favorite brand of fish and chips
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ํ”ผ์‹œ์•ค์นฉ์Šค ๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ๋Š”
14:08
is owned by a Swedish venture capitalist firm.
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์–ด๋Š ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…์˜ ์‚ฌ์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
The church he sometimes goes to
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋” ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ๊ต๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™•๋ฆฝ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:12
has its creed decided in meetings in Ghana.
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14:17
His Union Jack underpants
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ตญ๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์–‘์˜ ์†์˜ท์€
14:20
were made in India.
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์กŒ๊ณ ์š”.
14:21
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:23
And --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:30
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
And they're laundered regularly
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์†์˜ท์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ๋ƒฅํ•œ ํด๋ž€๋“œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:36
by a very nice Polish lady.
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14:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
14:41
There is no pure ethnicity, national culture,
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์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
14:43
and the ethical choices we have today
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜๋„๋•์ ์ธ ์„ ํƒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ
14:45
are far wider than being forced to choose
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์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€๋“ค
14:49
between racist right and religious right visions,
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๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์งˆ ๋‚ฎ์€ ๊ด€์ ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ
14:53
dismal visions of culture.
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๊ฐ•์••์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋„“์€ ๋ฒ”์œ„์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:56
Now, culture isn't just about language, food, clothing and music,
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์ด์ œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์–ธ์–ด๋‚˜ ์Œ์‹, ์˜๋ณต, ์Œ์•…์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:00
but gender relations, ancient monuments,
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๋‚จ๋…€ ๊ด€๊ณ„, ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ์œ ๋ฌผ
15:02
a heritage of sacred texts.
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋“ค์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
But culture can also be what has been decided to be culture
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์˜ฅ์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
15:10
by those who have a political stake
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๋ฌธํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ์ง€์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฌธํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:13
in pounding culture into the shape of a prison.
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15:18
Big political identity claims are elite bids for power.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํž˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ •์น˜์  ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ํˆฌ์ž์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
They're not answers to social or economic or political injustices.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ •์น˜์  ๋ถˆํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋‹ต์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:25
They often obscure them.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ๋ฎ์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:27
And what about the large number of people across the globe
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
15:30
who can't point to a monument from their past,
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์‹ ์„ฑํ•œ ๋ฌธ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
15:32
who don't possess a sacred written text,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์˜๊ด‘๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”
15:34
who can't hark back
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
15:36
to the past glories of a civilization or empire?
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์ด๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:40
Are these people less a part of humanity?
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์— ์†ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:46
What about you,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ฃ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
15:47
now, listening to this?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋– ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:49
What about you and your identity,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ •์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
15:50
because you stitch your experiences and your thoughts into a continuous person
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์„
15:56
moving forward in time.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:58
And this is what you are when you say,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ์—๋„
16:00
"I," "am," or "me."
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์กด์žฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:03
But this also includes all of your hopes and dreams,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํฌ๋ง๊ณผ ๊ฟˆ
16:06
all of the you's that could have been,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ "๋‹น์‹ "๋“ค
16:09
and it includes all the other people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ธ์ƒ ์†์— ์žˆ๋Š”
16:11
and the things that are in the biography of who you are.
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๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:14
They, the others,
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๊ทธ๋“ค, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
16:16
are also a part of you,
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์—ญ์‹œ๋„ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด๋ฉฐ
16:18
moving forward with you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
Your authentic self, if such a thing exists,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ž์•„๋Š”
16:25
is a complex, messy and uncertain self,
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๋งค์šฐ ๋ณต์žกํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง€์ €๋ถ„ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ž์•„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
16:28
and that is a very good thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Why not value those impurities and uncertainties?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•จ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
16:36
Maybe clinging to pure identities is a sign of immaturity,
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๊ฒฐ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ž์•„์— ์ง‘์ฐฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฏธ์„ฑ์ˆ™์˜ ์ง•ํ›„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
16:40
and ethnic, nationalist and religious traditions are bad for you.
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๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ด๊ณ  ์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ๊ด€์Šต๋“ค์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋กœ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
Why not be skeptical about every primordial origin claim
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚ธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์›์‹œ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์› ์ฃผ์žฅ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
16:46
made on your behalf?
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ํšŒ์˜์ ์ธ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
16:47
Why not reject the identity myths that call on you to belong,
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์ •์น˜๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค
16:53
that politicians and community leaders,
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์ง€์—ญ ์‚ฌํšŒ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์ธ ์ฒ™ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค, ์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์š”ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:56
so-called community leaders,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌํšŒ์†์— ์Šค๋ฉฐ๋“ค๋ผ๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์›์‹ ํ™”๋“ค
16:58
place on you?
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๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ—ค๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”?
16:59
If we don't need origin stories and fixed identities,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทผ์› ์„คํ™”์™€
๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด
17:02
we can challenge ourselves to think creatively
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
17:05
about each other and our future.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋„์ „์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:08
And here culture always takes care of itself.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ฌธํ™”๋ž€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:11
I'm not worried about culture.
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฑ์ •์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:12
Cultures are creative, dynamic processes,
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๋ฌธํ™”๋“ค์€ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ธ ๊ณผ์ •๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
17:15
not imposed laws and boundaries.
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๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„๋“ค์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฐ•์š”๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:19
This is Abu al-Walid Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Rushd,
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์ด๋ถ„์€ 12์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ฝœ๋„๋ฐ”์˜ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ ํŒ์‚ฌ์ด์ž ์‚ฌ์ƒ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:23
a very senior Muslim judge and thinker in Cordoba in the 12th century,
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17:27
and his writings were considered deeply blasphemous, heretical and evil.
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ถˆ๊ฒฝ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ , ์ด๊ต๋„์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ์•…๋ž„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:31
Long after he died,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ์ดํ›„
17:32
followers of his work were ruthlessly hunted down,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ์ถ”์ข…ํ•˜๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์žกํ˜€๊ฐ”๊ณ 
17:35
banished and killed over several centuries
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์ถ”๋ฐฉ๋‹นํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์‚ดํ•ด๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:38
by the most powerful religious institution of the medieval period.
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์ค‘์„ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ถŒ์œ„ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต ๊ธฐ๊ด€์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
17:43
That institution was the Roman Catholic Church.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋กœ๋งˆ ๊ฐ€ํ†จ๋ฆญ ๊ตํšŒ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
Why?
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์™œ์˜€์„๊นŒ์š”?
17:50
Because ibn Rushd said that something true in religion
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋ธ ๋ฃจ์‹œ๋“œ๋Š” ์ข…๊ต์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ธ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
17:52
may conflict with something
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์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€์™€
17:54
that your reason finds to be true on earth,
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์ƒ์ถฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
but the latter is still true.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ›„์ž๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:01
There are two distinct worlds of truth,
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์ง„๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
18:03
one based on our reason and evidence, and one that is divine,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ๊ณผ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ•˜๋‚˜์™€
์‹ ์„ ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:06
and the state, political power, social law are in the realm of reason.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฒ•์€ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ์˜์—ญ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:11
Religious life is a different realm.
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์ข…๊ต์ ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
They should be kept separated.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:14
Social and political life should be governed by our reason,
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์‚ฌํšŒ์ , ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ์ธ์ƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ด์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ
18:18
not by religion.
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์ข…๊ต์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
And you can see why the church was upset by his writings,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์™œ ๊ตํšŒ๊ฐ€
๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ€ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ
18:22
as indeed were some Muslims during his lifetime,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ƒ์ „์— ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋“ฏ์ด
18:25
because he gives us a strong statement of secularism
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๊ทธ์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์„ธ์†์ฃผ์˜ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
18:29
of a kind which is normal in Europe today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:32
Now, history plays many tricks on us.
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์—ญ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์žฅ๋‚œ๋“ค์„ ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:34
It undermines our fixed truths
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ณ€์˜ ์ง„์‹ค๋“ค์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ 
18:36
and what we believe to be our culture and their culture.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฌธํ™”์™€ ํƒ€๋ฌธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:39
Ibn Rushd, someone who happens to be a Muslim,
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ํ•˜ํ•„ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ธ Ibn Rushd์€
18:41
is considered one of the key influences
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ์„ธ์†์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋„์ž…๊ณผ ์ „ํŒŒ์— ์žˆ์–ด
18:43
in the introduction and spread of secularism in Europe.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นœ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:47
So against religious, nationalist and racial purists of all kinds,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ข…๊ต์ , ์• ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์ž
์ธ์ข… ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆœ์ˆ˜์ฃผ์˜์ž์— ๋Œ€ํ•ญํ•˜์—ฌ
18:52
can you make his story a part of your own,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
18:56
not because he happened to be a Muslim,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ์ด์–ด์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:58
not because he happened to be an Arab,
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ž์ธ์ด๋ผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
19:00
but because he was a human being
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๊ทธ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ๊ณผ
19:02
with some very good ideas
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋’คํ”๋“ 
19:04
that shook his world
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์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:06
and ours.
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19:08
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:09
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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