How to put the power of law in people's hands | Vivek Maru

51,885 views ใƒป 2018-02-07

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ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Muhammad Youssef ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ahmed Sayed
00:12
I want to tell you about someone.
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ุณุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ุนู† ุดุฎุต ู…ุง.
00:15
I'm going to call him Ravi Nanda.
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ุณุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฑุงููŠ ู†ุงู†ุฏุง.
00:17
I'm changing his name to protect his safety.
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ุณุฃุบูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ ูƒุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู‡.
00:20
Ravi's from a community of herdspeople in Gujarat
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ุฑุงููŠ ู…ู† ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ูŠุฑุจูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุงู†
00:24
on the western coast of India,
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ูู‰ ุบูˆุฌุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุญู„ ุงู„ุบุฑุจูŠ ู„ู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ
00:26
same place my own family comes from.
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ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู†ุชู…ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุนุงุฆู„ุชูŠ.
00:30
When he was 10 years old, his entire community was forced to move
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูู‰ ุงู„ุนุงุดุฑุฉุŒ ุฃูุฌุจุฑ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู‡ ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„
00:35
because a multinational corporation
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ู„ุฃู† ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌู†ุณูŠุงุช
00:37
constructed a manufacturing facility on the land where they lived.
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ุฃู‚ุงู…ุช ู…ู†ุดุฃุฉ ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถู‡ู….
00:42
Then, 20 years later, the same company built a cement factory
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ุซู…ุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ 20 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู†ุดุฃุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุตู†ุน ุฅุณู…ู†ุช
00:48
100 meters from where they live now.
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ูŠุจุนุฏ 100 ู…ุชุฑ ุนู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุนูŠุดู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุงู„ูŠ.
00:51
India has got strong environmental regulations on paper,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚ุŒ ุชุชู…ุชุน ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุจู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉุŒ
00:56
but this company has violated many of them.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุงู†ุชู‡ูƒุช ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง.
00:59
Dust from that factory covers Ravi's mustache
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ูŠุบุทูŠ ุบุจุงุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุดุงุฑุจ ุฑุงููŠ
01:02
and everything he wears.
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ูˆูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠุฑุชุฏูŠู‡.
01:05
I spent just two days in his place, and I coughed for a week.
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ู‚ุถูŠุช ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูู‚ุท ุจู…ุณูƒู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุธู„ู„ุช ุฃุณุนู„ ู„ุฃุณุจูˆุน.
01:10
Ravi says that if people or animals eat anything that grows in his village
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุงููŠ ุฅู† ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ูู‰ ู‚ุฑูŠุชู‡ุŒ
01:15
or drink the water,
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ุฃูˆ ุดุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
01:17
they get sick.
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ูŠู…ุฑุถูˆู†.
01:19
He says children now walk long distances with cattle and buffalo
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูŠู…ุดูˆู† ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุงู…ูˆุณ
01:24
to find uncontaminated grazing land.
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ู„ูŠุฌุฏูˆุง ู…ุฑุนู‹ุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู„ูˆุซ.
01:28
He says many of those kids have dropped out of school,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุชุฑูƒูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉุŒ
01:31
including three of his own.
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ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ู… 3 ู…ู† ุฃุจู†ุงุฆู‡.
01:35
Ravi has appealed to the company for years.
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ู†ุงุดุฏ ุฑุงููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุณู†ูˆุงุช.
01:38
He said, "I've written so many letters my family could cremate me with them.
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„: "ูƒุชุจุช ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจุงุช ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ุนุงุฆู„ุชูŠ ุฃู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ูู‰ ุญุฑู‚ูŠ.
01:43
They wouldn't need to buy any wood."
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ู„ู† ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆุง ู„ุดุฑุงุก ุฃุฎุดุงุจ."
01:44
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
01:47
He said the company ignored every one of those letters,
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ู‚ุงู„ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ุช ูƒู„ ุฎุทุงุจุงุชู‡ุŒ
01:51
and so in 2013,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูู‰ 2013ุŒ
01:53
Ravi Nanda decided to use the last means of protest
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ู‚ุฑุฑ ุฑุงููŠ ู†ุงู†ุฏุง ุฃู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุง ุงุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡
01:58
he thought he had left.
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ุขุฎุฑ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุญุชุฌุงุฌ.
02:00
He walked to the gates of that factory with a bucket of petrol in his hands,
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ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆุงุจุงุช ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ู…ุน ุฏู„ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ูู‰ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ
02:05
intending to set himself on fire.
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ู…ุนุชุฒู…ู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠุญุฑู‚ ู†ูุณู‡.
02:10
Ravi is not alone in his desperation.
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ุฑุงููŠ ู„ูŠุณ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ููŠ ูŠุฃุณู‡.
02:14
The UN estimates that worldwide,
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ู‚ุฏู‘ุฑุช ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
02:16
four billion people live without basic access to justice.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ 4 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุฎุต ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ.
02:22
These people face grave threats to their safety, their livelihoods,
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ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุฎุงุทุฑ ุนุธูŠู…ุฉ ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุฃู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุนูŠุดู‡ู…
02:27
their dignity.
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ูˆูƒุฑุงู…ุชู‡ู….
02:29
There are almost always laws on the books that would protect these people,
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ูู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุจุŒ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
02:34
but they've often never heard of those laws,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจ ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุณู…ุนูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ
02:36
and the systems that are supposed to enforce those laws
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ูˆุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ู†ูˆุท ุจู‡ ุชู†ููŠุฐ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†
02:40
are corrupt or broken or both.
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ุฅู…ุง ูุงุณุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุนุทู„ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง.
02:45
We are living with a global epidemic of injustice,
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ู†ุนูŠุด ู…ุน ูˆุจุงุก ุนุงู„ู…ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุธู„ู…ุŒ
02:51
but we've been choosing to ignore it.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุฎุชุงุฑู†ุง ุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู‡.
02:54
Right now, in Sierra Leone,
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ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ููŠ ุณูŠุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู†
02:57
in Cambodia, in Ethiopia,
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ูˆููŠ ูƒู…ุจูˆุฏูŠุง ูˆููŠ ุฅุซูŠูˆุจูŠุงุŒ
03:00
farmers are being cajoled
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ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ุฒุงุฑุนูˆู† ู„ู„ุงุญุชูŠุงู„
03:02
into putting their thumbprints on 50-year lease agreements,
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ุญูŠุซ ูŠุจุตู…ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุนู‚ูˆุฏ ุฅูŠุฌุงุฑ ู„ู€ 50 ุนุงู…ู‹ุงุŒ
03:07
signing away all the land they've ever known for a pittance
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ุชุงุฑูƒูŠู† ุฃุฑุถู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ุจู„ุบ ุฒู‡ูŠุฏ
03:10
without anybody even explaining the terms.
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ุญุชู‰ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃู† ูŠุดุฑุญ ู„ู‡ู… ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท.
03:14
Governments seem to think that's OK.
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุชู‡ู… ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
03:18
Right now, in the United States,
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ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒูŠุฉ
03:20
in India, in Slovenia,
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ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ูˆุณู„ูˆููŠู†ูŠุงุŒ
03:23
people like Ravi are raising their children
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ูŠุฑุจูŠ ุฃู†ุงุณ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุซุงู„ ุฑุงููŠ ุฃุจู†ุงุกู‡ู…
03:26
in the shadow of factories or mines
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ููŠ ุธู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงู†ุน ูˆุงู„ู…ู†ุงุฌู…
03:29
that are poisoning their air and their water.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณู…ู… ู‡ูˆุงุฆู‡ู… ูˆู…ุงุฆู‡ู….
03:33
There are environmental laws that would protect these people,
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
03:36
but many have never seen those laws,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู… ู„ู… ูŠุนุฑููˆุง ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ
03:37
let alone having a shot at enforcing them.
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ู†ุงู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู† ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุฅุฌุจุงุฑู‡ู….
03:40
And the world seems to have decided that's OK.
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ูˆูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ู…ูˆุงูู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ.
03:45
What would it take to change that?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
03:48
Law is supposed to be the language we use
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง
03:52
to translate our dreams about justice
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ู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฃุญู„ุงู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ
03:55
into living institutions that hold us together.
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ู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุชุฌู…ุนู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนุงู‹.
03:59
Law is supposed to be the difference
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูุฑู‚
04:01
between a society ruled by the most powerful
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ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญูƒู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰
04:04
and one that honors the dignity of everyone,
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ูˆุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชุฑู… ูƒุฑุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ
04:07
strong or weak.
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ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠ ูˆุงู„ุถุนูŠู.
04:09
That's why I told my grandmother 20 years ago
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ูˆู„ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุฎุจุฑุช ุฌุฏุชูŠ ู…ู†ุฐ 20 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง
04:11
that I wanted to go to law school.
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ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุญุงู‚ ุจูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูˆู‚.
04:14
Grandma didn't pause. She didn't skip a beat.
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ูู‚ุงู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ููˆุฑ:
04:16
She said to me, "Lawyer is liar."
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"ู…ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠ ุฅู„ุง ูƒุฐุงุจ."
04:20
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:23
That was discouraging.
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ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุดุฌุน.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
04:29
But grandma's right, in a way.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู…ุญู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุดูŠุก.
04:30
Something about law and lawyers has gone wrong.
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุดูŠุก ุฎุงุทุฆ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†.
04:35
We lawyers are usually expensive, first of all,
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ุจุฏุงูŠุฉู‹ุŒ ู†ุญู† ูƒู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ุจุงู‡ุธูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑุŒ
04:39
and we tend to focus on formal court channels
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ูˆู†ู…ูŠู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒู…ุงุช ุงู„ุฑุณู…ูŠุฉ
04:42
that are impractical for many of the problems people face.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ.
04:46
Worse, our profession has shrouded law in a cloak of complexity.
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ูˆุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฃุŒ ุฃู† ู…ู‡ู†ุชู†ุง ุฃุถูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุนุจุงุกุฉ ุงุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ.
04:52
Law is like riot gear on a police officer.
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ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู…ุซู„ ู…ุนุฏุงุช ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุดุบุจ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุถุจุงุท.
04:55
It's intimidating and impenetrable,
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ู…ูุฑุนูุจ ูˆู…ู†ูŠุนุŒ
04:59
and it's hard to tell there's something human underneath.
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ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุตุนุจ ุฃู† ุชุฎุจุฑ ุฃุญุฏู‹ุง ุฃู† ุจู‡ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠู‹ุง.
05:02
If we're going to make justice a reality for everyone,
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ุฅู† ูƒู†ุง ุณู†ุญูŠู„ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ู„ุฌู…ูŠุนุŒ
05:07
we need to turn law from an abstraction or a threat
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ูุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ููƒุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชู‡ุฏูŠุฏ
05:11
into something that every single person can understand, use and shape.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุดูŠุก ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ูƒู„ ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฃู† ูŠูู‡ู…ู‡ ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูˆูŠุตู†ุนู‡.
05:18
Lawyers are crucial in that fight, no doubt,
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ุจุฏูˆู† ุดูƒุŒ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู† ุฌุฒุก ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุฑุงุนุŒ
05:22
but we can't leave it to lawyers alone.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ูุญู…ู„ู‡ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุญุฏู‡ู….
05:25
In health care, for example,
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ูููŠ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ
05:27
we don't just rely on doctors to serve patients.
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ู„ุง ู†ุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰.
05:30
We have nurses and midwives and community health workers.
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ูู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุถูˆู† ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงุจู„ุงุช ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ุตุญูŠ.
05:35
The same should be true of justice.
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ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ.
05:39
Community legal workers,
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ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠุŒ
05:41
sometimes we call them community paralegals,
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
05:44
or barefoot lawyers,
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุชุŒ
05:46
can be a bridge.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ.
05:48
These paralegals are from the communities they serve.
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ู‡ูˆู„ุงุก ูŠู…ุซู„ูˆู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุฎุฏู…ูˆู†ู‡ุง.
05:51
They demystify law,
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ูู‡ู… ูŠุฒูŠู„ูˆู† ุบู…ูˆุถ ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ุŒ
05:53
break it down into simple terms,
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ูˆูŠู‚ุณู…ูˆู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูู‡ู…ุŒ
05:55
and then they help people look for a solution.
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ุซู… ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุญู„.
05:59
They don't focus on the courts alone.
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ูู‡ู… ู„ุง ูŠุฑูƒุฒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูู‚ุท.
06:00
They look everywhere:
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ูู‡ู… ูŠุจุญุซูˆู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู†:
06:02
ministry departments, local government, an ombudsman's office.
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฒุงุฑุงุช ูˆุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู…ุธุงู„ู….
06:07
Lawyers sometimes say to their clients,
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ูุจูŠู†ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู† ู„ู…ูˆูƒู„ูŠู‡ู…:
06:10
"I'll handle it for you. I've got you."
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"ูู‡ู…ุชูƒุŒ ุณุฃุชุนุงู…ู„ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ."
06:12
Paralegals have a different message,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู† ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑุŒ
06:15
not "I'm going to solve it for you,"
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ูู„ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู† "ุณุฃุญู„ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุŒ"
06:18
but "We're going to solve it together,
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ุจู„ "ุณู†ุญู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ
06:20
and in the process, we're both going to grow."
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ูˆููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู†ุชุนู„ู… ู†ุญู† ุงู„ุฅุซู†ุงู†."
06:23
Community paralegals saved my own relationship to law.
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุญุงูุท ู…ุณุงุนุฏูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชูŠ ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
06:28
After about a year in law school, I almost dropped out.
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ูุจุนุฏ ุนุงู… ู…ู† ุฏุฑุงุณุชูŠุŒ ูƒู†ุช ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ.
06:31
I was thinking maybe I should have listened to my grandmother.
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ูƒู†ุช ุฃููƒุฑ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฑุจู…ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูุถู„ ุฃู† ุฃุณุชู…ุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุชูŠ.
06:34
It was when I started working with paralegals
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ูˆู„ู… ุฃุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฌุฏูŠุฏ
06:36
in Sierra Leone, in 2003,
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ุฅู„ุง ุนุงู… 2003 ููŠ ุณูŠุฑุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุŒ
06:39
that I began feeling hopeful about the law again,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
06:43
and I have been obsessed ever since.
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ูˆู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง ูˆุฃู† ู…ุบุฑู… ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
06:47
Let me come back to Ravi.
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ุฏุนู†ูŠ ุฃุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุงููŠุŒ
06:50
2013, he did reach the gates of that factory
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ููŠ 2013ุŒ ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูˆุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน
06:54
with the bucket of petrol in his hands,
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ู…ุน ุฏู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ุฒูŠู† ููŠ ูŠุฏูŠู‡ุŒ
06:56
but he was arrested before he could follow through.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ุงูุนุชู‚ู„ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ูŠุนุจุฑู‡ุง.
07:00
He didn't have to spend long in jail,
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ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒุซ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู†
07:02
but he felt completely defeated.
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ุฅู„ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุดุนุฑ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุฒู… ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
07:05
Then, two years later, he met someone.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุนุงู…ูŠู† ู‚ุงุจู„ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ู…ุง
07:09
I'm going to call him Kush.
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ุณุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ ูƒูˆุด.
07:10
Kush is part of a team of community paralegals
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ูƒูˆุด ูุฑุฏ ู…ู† ูุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†
07:14
that works for environmental justice on the Gujarat coast.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ ุงู„ุจูŠุฆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุงุญู„ ุบูˆุฌุฑุงุช.
07:18
Kush explained to Ravi that there was law on his side.
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ุดุฑุญ ูƒูˆุด ู„ุฑุงููŠ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ู‹ุง ุจุฌุงู†ุจู‡.
07:22
Kush translated into Gujarati something Ravi had never seen.
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ุชุฑุฌู… ูƒูˆุด ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุบูˆุฌูˆุฑุงุชูŠู‘ุฉ ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู„ุฑุงููŠ ุจู‡ ุนู„ู….
07:26
It's called the "consent to operate."
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ูˆู‡ูˆ "ุชุฑุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุนู…ู„."
07:28
It's issued by the state government,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุตุฏุฑู‡ ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉุŒ
07:30
and it allows the factory to run
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ู…ุตู†ุน ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูู‚ุท
07:32
only if it complies with specific conditions.
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ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุฌุงุจ ู„ุดุฑูˆุท ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ.
07:36
So together, they compared the legal requirements with reality,
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ู‚ุงุฑู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุจุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนุŒ
07:40
they collected evidence,
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ูˆุฌู…ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ุฉุŒ
07:42
and they drafted an application --
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ูˆูƒุชุจูˆุง ุงุณุชู…ุงุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุฏู…ูˆู‡ุง...
07:44
not to the courts, but to two administrative institutions,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ู„ู…ุญูƒู…ุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ
07:48
the Pollution Control Board and the district administration.
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ุฅุฏุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญูŠ ูˆู…ุฌู„ุณ ู…ูƒุงูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ.
07:52
Those applications started turning the creaky wheels of enforcement.
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ุญุฑูƒุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุณุชู…ุงุฑุงุช ุนุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุงู„ุตุฏุฆุฉ.
07:59
A pollution officer came for a site inspection,
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ูุฐู‡ุจ ุถุงุจุท ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุชูุชูŠุดุŒ
08:02
and after that, the company started running an air filtration system
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ู‚ุงู…ุช ุงู„ุดุฑูƒุฉ ุจูˆุถุน ู†ุธุงู… ุชู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก
08:06
it was supposed to have been using all along.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง.
08:10
It also started covering the 100 trucks
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ูˆู‚ุงู…ุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุชุบุทูŠุฉ ุนุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ุดุญู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุฉ
08:13
that come and go from that plant every day.
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ูˆุชุฐู‡ุจ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุตู†ุน ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู….
08:17
Those two measures reduced the air pollution considerably.
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ุจู‡ุงุชูŠู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ู‚ู„ู‘ ุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง.
08:22
The case is far from over,
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ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุฃู…ุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
08:24
but learning and using law gave Ravi hope.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุชุนู„ู… ูˆุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุฃุนุทู‰ ุฑุงููŠ ุฃู…ู„ู‹ุง.
08:30
There are people like Kush walking alongside people like Ravi
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู†ุงุณ ุฃู…ุซุงู„ ูƒูˆุด ูˆุฑุงููŠ
08:36
in many places.
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ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ.
08:37
Today, I work with a group called Namati.
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ Namati.
08:40
Namati helps convene a global network
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู‚ุงู…ุฉ ุดุจูƒุฉ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
08:43
dedicated to legal empowerment.
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ู…ุฎุตุตุฉ ู„ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
08:45
All together, we are over a thousand organizations
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ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ู†ู…ุซู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 1000 ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ
08:48
in 120 countries.
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ููŠ 120 ุฏูˆู„ุฉ.
08:50
Collectively, we deploy tens of thousands of community paralegals.
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ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ ู†ุดุฑู†ุง ุนุดุฑุงุช ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†.
08:55
Let me give you another example.
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ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูู… ู…ุซุงู„ู‹ุง.
08:58
This is Khadija Hamsa.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎุฏูŠุฌุฉ ุญู…ุฒุฉ.
09:01
She is one of five million people in Kenya who faces a discriminatory vetting process
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† 5 ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุดุฎุต ููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆู† ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุนู†ุตุฑูŠุฉ
09:07
when trying to obtain a national ID card.
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ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุญุตูˆู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุทู†ูŠุฉ.
09:10
It is like the Jim Crow South in the United States.
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ุดูŠุกูŒ ู…ุซู„ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุฌูŠู… ูƒุฑูˆ ููŠ ุฌู†ูˆุจ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ.
09:14
If you are from a certain set of tribes,
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ูุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุช ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุจุงุฆู„ุŒ
09:17
most of them Muslim,
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ
09:18
you get sent to a different line.
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ูŠุฌุนู„ูˆู†ูƒ ุชู‚ู ููŠ ุตู ุขุฎุฑ.
09:21
Without an ID, you can't apply for a job.
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ูˆุจุฏูˆู† ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ.
09:24
You can't get a bank loan.
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ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุฑุถ.
09:26
You can't enroll in university.
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ูˆู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ.
09:28
You are excluded from society.
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ุฃู†ุช ู…ุณุชุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน.
09:32
Khadija tried off and on to get an ID for eight years, without success.
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ุญุงูˆู„ุช ุฎุฏูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ูˆุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ู„ู…ุฏุฉ 8 ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ ุจุฏูˆู† ู†ุฌุงุญ.
09:37
Then she met a paralegal working in her community
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ุซู… ู‚ุงุจู„ุช ุญุณุงู† ู‚ุงุณู… ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†
09:40
named Hassan Kassim.
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู‡ุง.
09:42
Hassan explained to Khadija how vetting works,
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ุดุฑุญ ุญุณุงู† ู„ุฎุฏูŠุฌุฉ ูƒูŠู ุชุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุŒ
09:46
he helped her gather the documents she needed,
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ูˆุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ
09:48
helped prep her to go before the vetting committee.
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ูˆุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ู„ู„ุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚.
09:51
Finally, she was able to get an ID with Hassan's help.
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ูˆุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุทุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ูˆูŠุฉ ุจู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุญุณุงู†.
09:55
First thing she did with it
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ูˆูƒุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูุนู„ุชู‡ ุจู‡ุง
09:57
was use it to apply for birth certificates for her children,
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ุฃู† ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู„ุงุณุชุฎุฑุงุฌ ุดู‡ุงุฏุงุช ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ ู„ุฃุจู†ุงุฆู‡ุงุŒ
10:00
which they need in order to go to school.
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ูู‡ู… ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ.
10:05
In the United States, among many other problems,
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ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
10:09
we have a housing crisis.
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ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุฃุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒู†.
10:13
In many cities,
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ููŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู†ุŒ
10:14
90 percent of the landlords in housing court have attorneys,
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90 % ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุงูƒ ูŠุฃุชูˆู† ุจู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ุฅุณูƒุงู†.
10:19
while 90 percent of the tenants do not.
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ุจูŠู†ู…ุง 90 % ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฃุฌุฑูŠู† ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†.
10:22
In New York, a new crew of paralegals --
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ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒุŒ ูุฑูŠู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†
10:25
they're called Access to Justice Navigators --
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-ูŠูู„ู‚ุจูˆู† ุจุฑุจุงู† ุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ-
10:27
helps people to understand housing law and to advocate for themselves.
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ูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ูู‡ู… ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุงู„ุฅุณูƒุงู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู….
10:32
Normally in New York,
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ููŠ ู†ูŠูˆูŠูˆุฑูƒ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ
10:34
one out of nine tenants brought to housing court
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ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุณุชุฃุฌุฑูŠู† ูˆุตู„ ุจู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ุฅุณูƒุงู†
10:37
gets evicted.
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ูŠุทุฑุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒู†.
10:39
Researchers took a look at 150 cases
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ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูˆู† ููŠ 150 ู‚ุถูŠุฉ
10:42
in which people had help from these paralegals,
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ุชู„ู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุญุฏ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
10:44
and they found no evictions at all,
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ููˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠุทุฑุฏ ุฃุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู….
10:48
not one.
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ูˆู„ุง ุญุชู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ.
10:49
A little bit of legal empowerment can go a long way.
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ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง.
10:53
I see the beginnings of a real movement,
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ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑู‰ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉุŒ
10:58
but we're nowhere near what's necessary.
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ุจุนูŠุฏูŠู† ุนู…ุง ูŠูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ.
11:01
Not yet.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.
11:02
In most countries around the world,
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ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุจู„ุฏุงู† ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
11:04
governments do not provide a single dollar of support
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ู„ุง ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฏุนู…
11:07
to paralegals like Hassan and Kush.
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ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ ุญุณุงู† ูˆูƒูˆุด.
11:11
Most governments don't even recognize the role paralegals play,
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ู„ุง ุชุนุฑู ุญุชู‰ ุฏูˆุฑู‡ู…ุŒ
11:14
or protect paralegals from harm.
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ุฃูˆ ุชุญู…ูŠู‡ู… ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฐู‰.
11:17
I also don't want to give you the impression
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ุฃู†ุง ู„ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ุฃู† ุฃุตู ู„ูƒู… ุดุนูˆุฑู‡ู…
11:19
that paralegals and their clients win every time.
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ู‡ู… ูˆู…ููˆูƒูู„ูŠู‡ู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ.
11:23
Not at all.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุทู„ุงู‚.
11:25
That cement factory behind Ravi's village,
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ู…ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุฅุณู…ู†ุช ุงู„ุฐูŠ ููŠ ู‚ุฑูŠุฉ ุฑุงููŠุŒ
11:27
it's been turning off the filtration system at night,
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ูƒุงู† ูŠุบู„ู‚ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุงุŒ
11:31
when it's least likely that the company would get caught.
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ุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅู…ุณุงูƒ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ
11:34
Running that filter costs money.
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ูุชุดุบูŠู„ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุชู†ู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ููƒู„ู.
11:36
Ravi WhatsApps photos of the polluted night sky.
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ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู„ูŠู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู…ู„ูˆุซุฉ ุฃุฑุณู„ู‡ุง ุฑุงููŠ ุนุจุฑ ุชุทุจู‚ ูˆุงุชุณุงุจ
11:40
This is one he sent to Kush in May.
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ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูˆุด ููŠ ู…ุงูŠูˆ.
11:44
Ravi says the air is still unbreathable.
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ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุงููŠ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุตุงู„ุญู‹ุง ู„ู„ุชู†ูุณ.
11:48
At one point this year, Ravi went on hunger strike.
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ููŠ ูˆูุช ู…ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู…ุŒ ุฃุถุฑุจ ุฑุงููŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุนุงู….
11:51
Kush was frustrated.
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ูˆูƒูˆุด ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุจุทู‹ุง.
11:53
He said, "We can win if we use the law."
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ูˆูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„: "ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ููˆุฒ ุฅู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†."
11:56
Ravi said, "I believe in the law, I do,
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ูู‚ุงู„ ุฑุงููŠ: "ุฃู†ุง ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุญู‚ู‹ุงุŒ
11:59
but it's not getting us far enough."
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู„ู… ูŠูู‚ุฑุจู†ุง ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุญู„."
12:02
Whether it's India, Kenya, the United States or anywhere else,
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ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏ ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑุŒ
12:08
trying to squeeze justice out of broken systems
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ู…ุญุงูˆู„ุฉ ุงุณุชุฎู„ุงุต ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ู‡ุงุฑุฉ
12:11
is like Ravi's case.
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ูŠุดุจู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุฑุงููŠ.
12:13
Hope and despair are neck and neck.
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ุตุฑุงุน ุฏุงุฆู… ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ ูˆุงู„ูŠุฃุณ.
12:18
And so not only do we urgently need to support and protect
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุณู†ุง ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุงุณุฉ ู„ุฏุนู… ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุฉ
12:22
the work of barefoot lawyers around the world,
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ุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
12:25
we need to change the systems themselves.
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ุจู„ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง.
12:29
Every case a paralegal takes on
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ููƒู„ ู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
12:32
is a story about how a system is working in practice.
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ู‡ูŠ ุจู…ุซุงุจุฉ ู‚ุตุฉ ุนู† ูƒูŠู ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง.
12:37
When you put those stories together,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชุฌู…ุน ูƒู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุตุต ู…ุนู‹ุงุŒ
12:39
it gives you a detailed portrait of the system as a whole.
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ุชุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู…ูุตู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุธุงู… ูƒูƒู„.
12:43
People can use that information
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช
12:45
to demand improvements to laws and policies.
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ู„ู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจุฉ ุจุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุณูŠุงุณุงุช.
12:48
In India, paralegals and clients have drawn on their case experience
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ูููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุŒ ุงุณุชูุงุฏ ู…ุณุงุนุฏูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู…ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูˆูƒู„ูŠู† ู…ู† ุฎุจุฑุงุชู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง
12:53
to propose smarter regulations for the handling of minerals.
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ููŠ ุงู‚ุชุฑุงุญ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุฐูƒูŠุฉ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†.
12:57
In Kenya, paralegals and clients are using data from thousands of cases
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ูˆููŠ ูƒูŠู†ูŠุงุŒ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ุขู„ุงู ุงู„ู‚ุถุงูŠุง
13:02
to argue that vetting is unconstitutional.
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ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ุญูˆู„ ุฏุณุชูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุชุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช.
13:07
This is a different way of approaching reform.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุณูŠู†ุงุช.
13:10
This is not a consultant flying into Myanmar
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ูุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู„ูŠุณ ุฃู† ู…ุณุชุดุงุฑู‹ุง ูŠุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูŠุงู†ู…ุงุฑ
13:13
with a template he's going to cut and paste from Macedonia,
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ุจู‚ุงู„ุจ ู†ุณุฎู‡ ู…ู† ู…ู‚ุฏูˆู†ูŠุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ู‡ ููŠ ู…ูŠุงู†ู…ุงุฑุŒ
13:17
and this is not an angry tweet.
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ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูŠุณ ุชุบุฑูŠุฏุฉ ุบุงุถุจุฉ.
13:21
This is about growing reforms from the experience of ordinary people
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ุจู„ ุชุญุณูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุชู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุฎุจุฑุฉ ุฃู†ุงุณ ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†
13:24
trying to make the rules and systems work.
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ูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆู† ุฌุนู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุธู…ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„.
13:29
This transformation in the relationship between people and law
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†
13:35
is the right thing to do.
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุฌุจ ุนู…ู„ู‡.
13:38
It's also essential for overcoming
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ
13:41
all of the other great challenges of our times.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒุจุฑู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง.
13:46
We are not going to avert environmental collapse
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุชูุงุฏูŠ ุชุฏู‡ูˆุฑ ุจูŠุฆูŠ
13:51
if the people most affected by pollution
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฃุซุฑู‹ุง ุจุงู„ุชู„ูˆุซ
13:54
don't have a say in what happens to the land and the water,
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุฑุฃูŠ ููŠู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ู„ู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆู„ู„ู…ุงุกุŒ
13:58
and we won't succeed in reducing poverty or expanding opportunity
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ูˆู„ู† ู†ู†ุฌุญ ูู‰ ุณุนูŠู†ุง ู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุต ุงู„ูู‚ุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุต
14:03
if poor people can't exercise their basic rights.
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุก ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงุณุชุนู…ุงู„ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ.
14:07
And I believe we won't overcome
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ู† ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุงู„ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰
14:11
the despair that authoritarian politicians prey upon
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ุงู„ูŠุฃุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุณูŠูˆู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุจุฏุงุฏูŠูˆู†
14:16
if our systems stay rigged.
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ุฅู† ุธู„ุช ุฃู†ุธู…ุชู†ุง ู…ุชู„ุงุนุจ ุจู‡ุง.
14:20
I called Ravi before coming here to ask permission to share his story.
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ุงุชุตู„ุช ุจุฑุงููŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฌูŠุฆูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุงุณุชุฆุฐุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ู‚ุตุชู‡.
14:27
I asked if there was any message he wanted to give people.
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ูˆุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฑุณุงู„ุฉ ูŠุฑูŠุฏ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ุง ู„ู„ู†ุงุณ.
14:31
He said, "[Gujarati]."
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ูู‚ุงู„: "[ู„ุบุฉ ุบูˆุฌูˆุฑุงุชูŠู‘ุฉ]."
14:35
Wake up.
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ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงุณุชูŠู‚ุธูˆุง.
14:38
"[Gujarati]."
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"[ู„ุบุฉ ุบูˆุฌูˆุฑุงุชูŠู‘ุฉ]."
14:40
Don't be afraid.
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ู„ุง ุชุฎุงููˆุง.
14:42
"[Gujarati]."
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"[ู„ุบุฉ ุบูˆุฌูˆุฑุงุชูŠู‘ุฉ]."
14:44
Fight with paper.
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ุญุงุฑุจูˆุง ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู‚.
14:45
By that I think he means fight using law rather than guns.
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ูˆุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุตุฏ ุฃู† ุชุญุงุฑุจูˆุง ุจุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ.
14:49
"[Gujarati]."
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"[ู„ุบุฉ ุบูˆุฌูˆุฑุงุชูŠู‘ุฉ]."
14:55
Maybe not today, maybe not this year, maybe not in five years,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ 5 ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
14:58
but find justice.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงุนุซุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ.
15:04
If this guy, whose entire community is being poisoned every single day,
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ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุตุŒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณู…ู… ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู‡ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
15:10
who was ready to take his own life --
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ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุณุชุนุฏู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠุถุญูŠ ุจุญูŠุงุชู‡ุŒ
15:12
if he's not giving up on seeking justice,
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู… ูŠุณุชุณู„ู… ููŠ ุณุนูŠู‡ ู„ู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ
15:15
then the world can't give up either.
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ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ู„ู„ุนุงู„ู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠุณุชุณู„ู….
15:19
Ultimately, what Ravi calls "fighting with paper"
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ุฃุฎูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุง ุณู…ุงู‡ ุฑุงููŠ "ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฑุจุฉ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑู‚"
15:22
is about forging a deeper version of democracy
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ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุฃุดู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ
15:27
in which we the people,
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ู†ูˆุน ู„ุง ูŠุชูˆู‚ู ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆุฑู†ุง
15:28
we don't just cast ballots every few years,
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุช ูƒู„ ุจุถุน ุณู†ูˆุงุชุŒ
15:30
we take part daily in the rules and institutions that hold us together,
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ู„ูƒู† ู†ูˆุน ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ููŠู‡ ุฏูˆุฑู‹ุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุนู†ุงุŒ
15:37
in which everyone, even the least powerful,
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ู†ูˆุน ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุดุฎุตุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฃุถุนูุŒ
15:40
can know law, use law and shape law.
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ุฃู† ูŠุนุฑู ูˆูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ูˆูŠุตู†ุน ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
15:45
Making that happen, winning that fight,
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ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ุฑุจุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุตุฑุงุน
15:48
requires all of us.
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ูŠุญุชุงุฌู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง.
15:50
Thank you guys. Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ุฑูุงู‚. ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
15:52
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
16:01
Kelo Kubu: Thanks, Vivek.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุงุŒ ููŠููƒ.
16:03
So I'm going to make a few assumptions
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ุณุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ
16:06
that people in this room know what the Sustainable Development Goals are
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ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ
16:09
and how the process works,
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ูˆูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉุŒ
16:12
but I want us to talk a little bit
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุฃุฑูŠุฏู†ุง ุฃู† ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง
16:15
about Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions.
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ุนู† ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ุนุดุฑ: ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ.
16:20
Vivek Maru: Yeah. Anybody remember the Millennium Development Goals?
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ุฃุฌู„ุŒ ู‡ู„ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุฅู†ู…ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ููŠุฉุŸ
16:24
They were adopted in 2000 by the UN and governments around the world,
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ุงู„ุชู‰ ุงุนูุชู…ุฏุช ุนุงู… 2000 ู…ู† ู‚ูุจู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ู… ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ุŒ
16:29
and they were for essential, laudable things.
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ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉุŒ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุณุชุญู‚ ุงู„ุซู†ุงุก.
16:31
It was reduce child mortality by two thirds, cut hunger in half,
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ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุนุฏู„ ูˆููŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุซูŠู†ุŒ ุฎูุถ ุงู„ุฌูˆุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุตูุŒ
16:35
crucial things.
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ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุตูŠุฑูŠุฉ.
16:36
But there was no mention of justice or fairness
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฐูƒุฑ ู„ู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุตุงู
16:39
or accountability or corruption,
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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุกู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูุณุงุฏุŒ
16:41
and we have made progress during the 15 years
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ุฃุญุฑุฒู†ุง ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‹ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€15 ุนุงู…ุงู‹
16:44
when those goals were in effect,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุณุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ
16:46
but we are way behind what justice demands,
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ูˆู„ูƒู†ู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจุนูŠุฏูŠู† ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุทุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ
16:49
and we're not going to get there unless we take justice into account.
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ูˆู„ู† ู†ุตู„ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ุจูˆุถุน ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุณุจุงู†.
16:53
And so when the debate started about the next development framework,
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุด ุญูˆู„ ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉุŒ
16:56
the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals,
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ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุชู†ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฏุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ุนุงู… 2030ุŒ
16:59
our community came together around the world
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ุชูƒุงุชู ู…ุฌุชู…ุนู†ุง ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…
17:02
to argue that access to justice and legal empowerment
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ู„ูŠุฌุงุฏู„ ู‚ุงุฆู„ู‹ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ ูˆุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†
17:06
should be a part of that new framework.
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุกู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุดูƒูŠู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู….
17:08
And there was a lot of resistance.
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ูˆูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุฑุงุถ.
17:10
Those things are more political, more contentious than the other ones,
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ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุณูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆู…ุซูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงู ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ
17:13
so we didn't know until the night before whether it was going to come through.
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ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู… ู†ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ูƒู†ุง ุณู†ู†ุฌุญ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง.
17:17
We squeaked by.
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ูˆู‚ุฏ ู†ุฌุญู†ุง ุจุฃุนุฌูˆุจุฉ.
17:18
The 16th out of 17 goals commits to access to justice for all,
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ูˆุชู…ุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 16 ู‡ุฏู ู…ู† 17 ุชู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ
17:22
which is a big deal.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุนุธูŠู….
17:24
It's a big deal, yes. Let's clap for justice.
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ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑ ุนุธูŠู…ุŒ ู†ุนู…. ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุตูู‚ ู„ู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ.
17:27
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
17:29
Here's the scandal, though.
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ุงู„ูุถูŠุญุฉุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ.
17:31
The day the goals were adopted,
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชู…ุช ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงูู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‡ุฏุงูุŒ
17:34
most of them were accompanied by big commitments:
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ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุดุชู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุนู‡ุฏุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ:
17:38
a billion dollars from the Gates Foundation
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ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑ ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุบุฐุงุก ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุคุณุณุฉ ุบูŠุชุณ
17:40
and the British government for nutrition;
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ูˆุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุทุงู†ูŠุฉุ›
17:42
25 billion in public-private financing for health care for women and children.
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ูˆ25 ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู…ู† ุชู…ูˆูŠู„ ุฎุงุต ูˆุนุงู… ู„ุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ุฑุนุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ุณุงุก ูˆุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„.
17:46
On access to justice, we had the words on the paper,
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ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑู‚.
17:49
but nobody pledged a penny,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ู… ูŠุฏูุน ุฃุญุฏ ูู„ุณู‹ุงุŒ
17:52
and so that is the opportunity and the challenge that we face right now.
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ูˆุงุฌู‡ู‡ ุงู„ุขู†.
17:56
The world recognizes more than ever before
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ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุนุฑูุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ุŒ
17:59
that you can't have development without justice,
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ุจุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุฃู† ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุจุฏูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉุŒ
18:02
that people can't improve their lives if they can't exercise their rights,
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ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู„ุงูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุญุณูŠู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุฅู† ู„ู… ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู‚ูˆู‚ู‡ู…ุŒ
18:05
and what we need to do now is turn that rhetoric,
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ูˆ ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎุทุงุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูŠุบุŒ
18:09
turn that principle, into reality.
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ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุŒ ุฅู„ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ุน.
18:12
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
18:17
KK: How can we help? What can people in this room do?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉุŸ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉุŸ
18:20
VM: Great question. Thank you for asking.
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ุณุคุงู„ ุนุธูŠู…. ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุคุงู„ูƒ.
18:23
I would say three things.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง 3 ุฃุดูŠุงุก.
18:25
One is invest.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑ.
18:27
If you have 10 dollars, or a hundred dollars, a million dollars,
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ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฏูˆู„ุงุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†
18:30
consider putting some of it towards grassroots legal empowerment.
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ููƒุฑ ููŠ ุงุณุชุซู…ุงุฑู‡ู… ููŠ ุชู…ูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†.
18:33
It's important in its own right
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ูู‡ุฐุง ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡
18:35
and it's crucial for just about everything else we care about.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุดูŠุก ุญุงุณู… ููŠู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ู‡ุชู… ุจู‡.
18:38
Number two,
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
18:39
push your politicians and your governments to make this a public priority.
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ุงุฏูุนูˆุง ุณูŠุงุณูŠูŠูƒู… ูˆุญูƒูˆู…ุงุชูƒู… ุชุฌุงู‡ ุฌุนู„ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูˆู„ูˆูŠุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ.
18:45
Just like health or education, access to justice
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ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุฏุงู„ุฉ
18:48
should be one of the things that a government owes its people,
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ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฏูŠู† ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุญูƒูˆู…ุงุช ู„ุดุนูˆุจู‡ุงุŒ
18:51
and we're nowhere close to that,
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ูˆู†ุญู† ู„ุณู†ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠู† ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
18:53
neither in rich countries or poor countries.
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ุณูˆุงุก ุฃูƒู†ุง ูู‰ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุบู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูู‚ูŠุฑุฉ.
18:55
Number three is: be a paralegal in your own life.
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ุซุงู„ุซู‹ุง: ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุงุนุฏู‹ุง ู‚ุงู†ูˆู†ูŠู‹ุง
19:00
Find an injustice or a problem where you live.
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ุงุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุธู„ู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุญูŠุซ ุชุนูŠุด.
19:03
It's not hard to find, if you look.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ูŠุณ ุตุนุจู‹ุงุŒ ู„ูˆ ุจุญุซุช.
19:05
Is the river being contaminated,
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ู‡ู„ ูŠูู„ูˆุซ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุฑุŒ
19:06
the one that passes through the city where you live?
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุฑ ุนุจุฑ ู…ุฏูŠู†ุชูƒุŸ
19:09
Are there workers getting paid less than minimum wage
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ู‡ู„ ูŠุชู‚ุงุถู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ุงู„ ุฃุฌูˆุฑู‹ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุฃุฏู†ู‰
19:11
or who are working without safety gear?
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆู† ู…ุนุฏุงุช ุณู„ุงู…ุฉุŸ
19:13
Get to know the people most affected,
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ุงุจุญุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุซุฃุซุฑู‹ุงุŒ
19:16
find out what the rules say,
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ูˆุงู†ุธุฑ ู…ุงุฐุง ุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ
19:17
see if you can use those rules to get a solution.
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ูˆู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ุญู„.
19:21
If it doesn't work, see if you can come together to improve those rules.
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ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุงู†ุธุฑ ุฅู† ูƒุงู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ู…ุนู‹ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู†.
19:25
Because if we all start knowing law, using law and shaping law,
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุตุจุญู†ุง ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู‚ุงู†ูˆู† ูˆู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ูˆู†ุตู†ุนู‡ุŒ
19:31
then we will be building that deeper version of democracy
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ุฅุฐุง ูู†ุญู† ู†ุตู†ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุดู…ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ูˆู‚ุฑุงุทูŠุฉ
19:34
that I believe our world desperately needs.
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุคู…ู† ุจุฃู† ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุง ูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุจุดุฏุฉ.
19:39
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
19:40
KK: Thanks so much, Vivek. VM: Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ุฌุฒูŠู„ู‹ุงุŒ ููŠููƒ. ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู.
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

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