How to put the power of law in people's hands | Vivek Maru

翻译人员: Lyn Huang 校对人员: Zirui Zhou

I want to tell you about someone.

我想介绍一个人。

I'm going to call him Ravi Nanda.

他叫 Ravi Nanda。

I'm changing his name to protect his safety.

出于安全考虑，我用了化名。

Ravi's from a community of herdspeople in Gujarat

Ravi 来自印度西南方的海岸边

on the western coast of India,

古吉拉特邦的一个牧民族群，

same place my own family comes from.

和我的家族来自同一个地方。

When he was 10 years old, his entire community was forced to move

在他 10 岁时， 他的整个族群被迫迁移，

because a multinational corporation

因为有一家跨国公司

constructed a manufacturing facility on the land where they lived.

在他们生活的土地上 建造了一间制造工厂。

Then, 20 years later, the same company built a cement factory

20 年后，同一家公司 又兴建了一间水泥工厂，

100 meters from where they live now.

离他们现在生活的地方只有 100 米。

India has got strong environmental regulations on paper,

印度有着严格的成文环境法案，

but this company has violated many of them.

但是这家公司已经 违反了许多条例。

Dust from that factory covers Ravi's mustache

Ravi 的胡子和全身

and everything he wears.

都布满了来自工厂的灰尘。

I spent just two days in his place, and I coughed for a week.

我只在他家呆了两天， 然后咳嗽了整整一个星期。

Ravi says that if people or animals eat anything that grows in his village

Ravi 说如果人或动物食用了 任何生长在他们村子的东西，

or drink the water,

或是饮用了水源，

they get sick.

他们就会生病。

He says children now walk long distances with cattle and buffalo

他说现在孩子们需要跟着牲畜 和水牛走上很长一段路，

to find uncontaminated grazing land.

去寻找未被污染的牧场。

He says many of those kids have dropped out of school,

有很多这样的孩子已经退学，

including three of his own.

包括他自己的三个孩子。

Ravi has appealed to the company for years.

Ravi 已经向那家公司呼吁了很多年。

He said, "I've written so many letters my family could cremate me with them.

他说：“我写了那么多的信， 我的家人都可以用它们火化我了，

They wouldn't need to buy any wood."

完全不需要买任何木材。”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

He said the company ignored every one of those letters,

然而他说，那家公司 忽视了每一封信，

and so in 2013,

然后到了 2013 年，

Ravi Nanda decided to use the last means of protest

Ravi Nanda 决定使用他认为仅剩

he thought he had left.

的最后一种抗议方法。

He walked to the gates of that factory with a bucket of petrol in his hands,

他走到那间工厂的大门前， 手上提着一桶汽油，

intending to set himself on fire.

打算自焚。

Ravi is not alone in his desperation.

Ravi 并不是唯一一个 处于绝望境地的人。

The UN estimates that worldwide,

据联合国估算，在世界范围内，

four billion people live without basic access to justice.

有 40 亿人的生活环境 丧失了基本的公正。

These people face grave threats to their safety, their livelihoods,

这些人在他们的安全， 生计和尊严方面

their dignity.

面对着巨大的威胁。

There are almost always laws on the books that would protect these people,

几乎总有保护这些人们的法律，

but they've often never heard of those laws,

但是通常他们从未听说过那些法律，

and the systems that are supposed to enforce those laws

而负责落实那些法律的系统

are corrupt or broken or both.

已经腐化或者失去职能， 或二者兼有。

We are living with a global epidemic of injustice,

不公在全球都是 一个普遍存在的现象，

but we've been choosing to ignore it.

但我们一直选择忽视这个问题。

Right now, in Sierra Leone,

目前，在塞拉利昂（非洲西部国家），

in Cambodia, in Ethiopia,

柬埔寨（东南亚国家）， 埃塞俄比亚（非洲东北部国家），

farmers are being cajoled

农民们被哄骗

into putting their thumbprints on 50-year lease agreements,

把他们的拇指印盖在 为期 50 年的租约上，

signing away all the land they've ever known for a pittance

转让他们拥有的所有土地 以换取极少的钱，

without anybody even explaining the terms.

却没有任何人向他们解释条款内容。

Governments seem to think that's OK.

政府似乎认为这样做没有任何问题。

Right now, in the United States,

此时此刻，在美国，

in India, in Slovenia,

在印度，在斯洛文尼亚（南欧共和国），

people like Ravi are raising their children

很多像 Ravi 这样的人

in the shadow of factories or mines

正在污染他们的空气和水源

that are poisoning their air and their water.

的工厂或矿山的阴影下 抚养他们的孩子。

There are environmental laws that would protect these people,

有环境法案能够保护这些人们，

but many have never seen those laws,

但是很多人从没见过这样的法律，

let alone having a shot at enforcing them.

更别提去落实它们。

And the world seems to have decided that's OK.

而这个世界似乎认为这样没有问题。

What would it take to change that?

改变这些的代价是什么？

Law is supposed to be the language we use

我们本可以把法律当作一种语言， 将关于正义的梦想

to translate our dreams about justice

转化为使我们团结在一起

into living institutions that hold us together.

的活生生的制度。

Law is supposed to be the difference

法律本应该

between a society ruled by the most powerful

是介于被强权统治的社会

and one that honors the dignity of everyone,

和致敬每一个人的尊严的社会 之间的差异，

strong or weak.

不论强大或弱小。

That's why I told my grandmother 20 years ago

这就是为什么 20 年前我告诉祖母，

that I wanted to go to law school.

我想去法学院。

Grandma didn't pause. She didn't skip a beat.

祖母毫不犹豫，字字铿锵地

She said to me, "Lawyer is liar."

对我说：“律师！就是！骗子！”

(Laughter)

（笑声）

That was discouraging.

那非常让人泄气。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But grandma's right, in a way.

但祖母是对的，

Something about law and lawyers has gone wrong.

我们的法律和律师的确出了问题。

We lawyers are usually expensive, first of all,

首先，律师通常收费不菲，

and we tend to focus on formal court channels

并且我们倾向于去关注 正式的法庭渠道，

that are impractical for many of the problems people face.

而这些对于人们所遇到 的许多问题并不适用。

Worse, our profession has shrouded law in a cloak of complexity.

更糟糕的是，这个行业 把法律遮蔽在复杂性的斗篷之下。

Law is like riot gear on a police officer.

法律就像警察身上穿的防暴服。

It's intimidating and impenetrable,

既令人望而生畏，又无法穿透，

and it's hard to tell there's something human underneath.

并且难以从底下分辨出人性的存在。

If we're going to make justice a reality for everyone,

如果我们要在每个人身上实现公正，

we need to turn law from an abstraction or a threat

我们就需要把法律从抽象或威胁

into something that every single person can understand, use and shape.

转化成每个人都能理解， 使用和塑造的事物，

Lawyers are crucial in that fight, no doubt,

毫无疑问，律师的角色 在这场斗争中至关重要，

but we can't leave it to lawyers alone.

但是我们不能让律师们孤军奋战。

In health care, for example,

比如，在医疗领域，

we don't just rely on doctors to serve patients.

我们不只是依赖医生去照顾病人，

We have nurses and midwives and community health workers.

我们还有护士，助产士 和社区医务工作者。

The same should be true of justice.

司法系统也是同样道理。

Community legal workers,

社区法务工作者，

sometimes we call them community paralegals,

有时我们也称他们为社区法律助理，

or barefoot lawyers,

或赤脚律师，

can be a bridge.

能成为一座桥梁。

These paralegals are from the communities they serve.

这些法律助理都来自 他们所服务的社区。

They demystify law,

他们对法律条文进行了 深入浅出的解释，

break it down into simple terms,

把法律分解成简单易懂的条例，

and then they help people look for a solution.

并帮助人们寻找解决问题的方法。

They don't focus on the courts alone.

他们并不只是把目光 局限于法院之上，

They look everywhere:

他们举目四望：

ministry departments, local government, an ombudsman's office.

政商部门、当地政府、监察员办公室。

Lawyers sometimes say to their clients,

律师有时会对他们的客户们说，

"I'll handle it for you. I've got you."

“我会帮您处理，交给我吧。”

Paralegals have a different message,

法律助理则会传达不一样的信息，

not "I'm going to solve it for you,"

不是 “我会为您解决问题。”

but "We're going to solve it together,

而是 “让我们一起解决问题,

and in the process, we're both going to grow."

在这个过程中，我们双方都会成长。”

Community paralegals saved my own relationship to law.

社区法律助理 曾挽救了法律与我的联系。

After about a year in law school, I almost dropped out.

在进入法学院差不多一年之后， 我差点退学，

I was thinking maybe I should have listened to my grandmother.

当时我想也许我应该听祖母的话。

It was when I started working with paralegals

然而 2003 年，在塞拉利昂，

in Sierra Leone, in 2003,

当我刚开始和法律助理一起合作，

that I began feeling hopeful about the law again,

我再次感受到了对法律的希冀，

and I have been obsessed ever since.

自那以后我就着迷了。

Let me come back to Ravi.

让我们回到 Ravi 的话题。

2013, he did reach the gates of that factory

2013 年，他确实来到了 那家工厂的大门口，

with the bucket of petrol in his hands,

手上提着一桶汽油，

but he was arrested before he could follow through.

但是就在下一步动作 开始之前，他被逮捕了。

He didn't have to spend long in jail,

他不需要在监狱里呆很久，

but he felt completely defeated.

但是他感觉自己被彻底打倒了。

Then, two years later, he met someone.

两年之后，他遇到了一个人。

I'm going to call him Kush.

我叫他 Kush。

Kush is part of a team of community paralegals

Kush 是社区法律助理中的一员，

that works for environmental justice on the Gujarat coast.

在古吉拉特邦海岸 做关于环境保护的司法工作。

Kush explained to Ravi that there was law on his side.

Kush 向 Ravi 解释了 法律是站在他这一边的，

Kush translated into Gujarati something Ravi had never seen.

并把这些法律翻译成 Ravi 从未见识过的古吉拉特语，

It's called the "consent to operate."

被称为“允许运转”的概念。

It's issued by the state government,

这一条例由州政府提出，

and it allows the factory to run

指在遵从特定条件的前提下，

only if it complies with specific conditions.

可以允许工厂正常运转。

So together, they compared the legal requirements with reality,

所以他们一起把法律规定 与现实状况做比对，

they collected evidence,

收集证据，

and they drafted an application --

然后拟定了一份申请，

not to the courts, but to two administrative institutions,

不是提交给法院， 而是提交给了两个行政机构，

the Pollution Control Board and the district administration.

污染控制局和地方行政局。

Those applications started turning the creaky wheels of enforcement.

这些申请开始推动“实施”的老旧车轮。

A pollution officer came for a site inspection,

一名污染控制局的负责人 来进行现场视察，

and after that, the company started running an air filtration system

然后这家公司开始 运行起了空气过滤系统，

it was supposed to have been using all along.

按规定，这种系统 本就应该一直采用的。

It also started covering the 100 trucks

那家公司又罩住了

that come and go from that plant every day.

每天从工厂进出的 100 辆卡车。

Those two measures reduced the air pollution considerably.

那两种方法极大地减少了空气污染，

The case is far from over,

虽然这件案子还远未结束，

but learning and using law gave Ravi hope.

但是学习并使用法律 给了 Ravi 希望。

There are people like Kush walking alongside people like Ravi

很多地方，我们都会 看到像 Kush 这样的人

in many places.

在帮助像 Ravi 这样的人。

Today, I work with a group called Namati.

现在，我为一个叫做 Namati 的组织工作。

Namati helps convene a global network

Namati 帮助我们集聚起 一个全球性的网络，

dedicated to legal empowerment.

致力于赋予人们法律上的权利。

All together, we are over a thousand organizations

我们总共有一千多个组织，

in 120 countries.

遍及 120 个国家。

Collectively, we deploy tens of thousands of community paralegals.

我们总共调配了 数以万计的社区法律助理。

Let me give you another example.

让我再举一个例子。

This is Khadija Hamsa.

这是 Khadija Hamsa。

She is one of five million people in Kenya who faces a discriminatory vetting process

她是在尝试获得国籍身份证， 却在肯尼亚接受身份审查时

when trying to obtain a national ID card.

面临性别歧视的五百万女性之一。

It is like the Jim Crow South in the United States.

这就像是美国的南部黑人隔离法。

If you are from a certain set of tribes,

如果你来自一个特殊的群体，

most of them Muslim,

其中大多数是穆斯林，

you get sent to a different line.

你就会受到区别对待。

Without an ID, you can't apply for a job.

没有身份证，你找不到工作，

You can't get a bank loan.

无法向银行贷款，

You can't enroll in university.

无法升入大学，

You are excluded from society.

你会被社会排斥在外。

Khadija tried off and on to get an ID for eight years, without success.

Khadija 八年来一次又一次尝试 获得一张身份证，从未成功。

Then she met a paralegal working in her community

后来她遇到了一位 在他们社区工作的法律助理，

named Hassan Kassim.

叫做 Hanssan Kassim。

Hassan explained to Khadija how vetting works,

Hassan 向 Khadija 解释了身份审查的流程，

he helped her gather the documents she needed,

并帮助她搜集了所有需要的文件，

helped prep her to go before the vetting committee.

在去评审委员会之前帮助她预演准备。

Finally, she was able to get an ID with Hassan's help.

最后，在 Hassan 的帮助下， 她得到了身份证。

First thing she did with it

拿到身份证后她做的第一件事，

was use it to apply for birth certificates for her children,

就是为她的孩子们申请出生证明。

which they need in order to go to school.

这是他们上学时必要的证明。

In the United States, among many other problems,

我们在美国也面临许多问题，

we have a housing crisis.

其中一个就是住房危机。

In many cities,

在许多城市，

90 percent of the landlords in housing court have attorneys,

百分之九十的房东 在房产纠纷的法庭上有辩护律师，

while 90 percent of the tenants do not.

但百分之九十的租客却没有。

In New York, a new crew of paralegals --

在纽约，出现了一群 新兴的法律助理，

they're called Access to Justice Navigators --

被叫做“获得司法公正的导航者”。

helps people to understand housing law and to advocate for themselves.

他们帮助人们理解与住房相关 的法律并为他们发声。

Normally in New York,

在纽约，通常来说，

one out of nine tenants brought to housing court

九个租客中的一个 被带到住房法庭上

gets evicted.

就会遭到强制驱逐。

Researchers took a look at 150 cases

研究者们调查了 150 多个

in which people had help from these paralegals,

人们得到法律助理协助的案例，

and they found no evictions at all,

他们之中没有人遭到强制驱逐，

not one.

一个都没有。

A little bit of legal empowerment can go a long way.

哪怕只是星点地赋予人们 使用法律的权利，就能发挥很大的作用。

I see the beginnings of a real movement,

我看到了实践的开端，

but we're nowhere near what's necessary.

但我们做的还远远不够，

Not yet.

还要再接再厉。

In most countries around the world,

在世界上的许多国家中，

governments do not provide a single dollar of support

政府不会为给像 Hassan 和 Kush 这样的法律助理

to paralegals like Hassan and Kush.

提供一分钱的支持。

Most governments don't even recognize the role paralegals play,

许多政府甚至不了解 法律助理所扮演的角色，

or protect paralegals from harm.

更不要说保护他们远离危险。

I also don't want to give you the impression

我也并不想给你们一个印象,

that paralegals and their clients win every time.

法律助理和他们的客户们 每次都能在斗争中获胜。

Not at all.

千万别这么想。

That cement factory behind Ravi's village,

Ravi 家后面的那间水泥工厂

it's been turning off the filtration system at night,

已经开始在夜晚关闭空气过滤系统，

when it's least likely that the company would get caught.

这是那家公司最不可能 被揭发的时间段。

Running that filter costs money.

因为运转空气过滤系统需要花钱。

Ravi WhatsApps photos of the polluted night sky.

Ravi 把那些被污染的夜空的照片 发在了 WhatsApps（社交软件）上。

This is one he sent to Kush in May.

这是他五月发给 Kush 的照片。

Ravi says the air is still unbreathable.

Ravi 说空气还是令人难以呼吸。

At one point this year, Ravi went on hunger strike.

在今年的某个时候， Ravi 开始绝食抗议。

Kush was frustrated.

Kush 十分受挫。

He said, "We can win if we use the law."

他说：“我们能够使用法律获胜。”

Ravi said, "I believe in the law, I do,

Ravi 说：“我相信法律，真的。

but it's not getting us far enough."

但使用法律并没能让我们走得足够远。”

Whether it's India, Kenya, the United States or anywhere else,

不论是在印度，肯尼亚， 美国还是其他任何地方，

trying to squeeze justice out of broken systems

试图从破碎的系统中压榨出 最后一点公正，都会跟 Ravi

is like Ravi's case.

面临相同的境遇。

Hope and despair are neck and neck.

希望与绝望并存。

And so not only do we urgently need to support and protect

所以我们需要做的 不只是迫切地去支持和保护

the work of barefoot lawyers around the world,

世界各地赤脚律师们的工作，

we need to change the systems themselves.

我们还需要去改变这些制度本身。

Every case a paralegal takes on

法律助理接下的每一个案子

is a story about how a system is working in practice.

就是关于一个系统如何运行的故事。

When you put those stories together,

当你把那些故事整合到一起，

it gives you a detailed portrait of the system as a whole.

就会得到这个系统 从整体和细节上的画像。

People can use that information

人们能够利用这些信息

to demand improvements to laws and policies.

去要求法律和政策的改善。

In India, paralegals and clients have drawn on their case experience

在印度，法律助理和委托人依据经验

to propose smarter regulations for the handling of minerals.

为矿产处理规定提出更好的建议。

In Kenya, paralegals and clients are using data from thousands of cases

在肯尼亚，法律助理和委托人 利用成千上万案例的资料

to argue that vetting is unconstitutional.

对性别审查的违宪问题据理力争。

This is a different way of approaching reform.

这就是实现改革的不同方法。

This is not a consultant flying into Myanmar

这不同于一个顾问飞往缅甸，

with a template he's going to cut and paste from Macedonia,

带着可以从马其顿（南欧共和国） 剪切并粘贴的文件模板，

and this is not an angry tweet.

也不同于一条愤怒的微博。

This is about growing reforms from the experience of ordinary people

这是关于从普通人努力 使规则和制度发挥作用

trying to make the rules and systems work.

的经验中不断壮大的改革。

This transformation in the relationship between people and law

让人们与法律的联系发生转化

is the right thing to do.

是一件正确的事。

It's also essential for overcoming

当克服我们时代中

all of the other great challenges of our times.

其它的巨大难题时， 这同样也是必不可少的。

We are not going to avert environmental collapse

如果饱受污染的摧残的人们，

if the people most affected by pollution

对发生在土地和 水源上的事没有发言权，

don't have a say in what happens to the land and the water,

我们将无法避免环境系统的崩溃；

and we won't succeed in reducing poverty or expanding opportunity

如果穷人没法践行他们最基本的权利，

if poor people can't exercise their basic rights.

我们在减少贫困、增加机会上 就不会取得成功。

And I believe we won't overcome

我相信，如果我们的体制 继续受到操纵，

the despair that authoritarian politicians prey upon

我们将无法克服极权主义政客

if our systems stay rigged.

所利用的绝望情绪。

I called Ravi before coming here to ask permission to share his story.

我在来这里之前询问过 Ravi 是否可以分享他的故事。

I asked if there was any message he wanted to give people.

我问他是否有什么话想传达给大家。

He said, "[Gujarati]."

他说：“（古吉拉特语）”

Wake up.

“醒过来。”

"[Gujarati]."

“（古吉拉特语）”

Don't be afraid.

“别害怕。”

"[Gujarati]."

“（古吉拉特语）”

Fight with paper.

“用纸张作战。”

By that I think he means fight using law rather than guns.

我认为他的意思是 用法律而不是用枪支作战。

"[Gujarati]."

“（古吉拉特语）”

Maybe not today, maybe not this year, maybe not in five years,

“可能不是今天，可能不是今年， 可能不是接下来的五年之内，

but find justice.

但还是不要放弃追寻公正之所在。

If this guy, whose entire community is being poisoned every single day,

如果这个人生活的整个环境 每一天都在遭受毒害，

who was ready to take his own life --

他已经准备祭出自己的生命——

if he's not giving up on seeking justice,

如果他都没有放弃追寻公正，

then the world can't give up either.

那么这个世界也同样不能放弃。

Ultimately, what Ravi calls "fighting with paper"

最后，Ravi 所说的“用纸张作战”

is about forging a deeper version of democracy

是想要锻造出更深层次的民主，

in which we the people,

在这样的民主体制中，

we don't just cast ballots every few years,

我们不仅只是参与 每几年一次的投票，

we take part daily in the rules and institutions that hold us together,

更是要参与到支持着我们 所有人的规则和机构当中，

in which everyone, even the least powerful,

让我们所有人， 甚至是最弱势的群体

can know law, use law and shape law.

都可以了解法律， 使用法律和塑造法律。

Making that happen, winning that fight,

要实现这个理想，赢得这场斗争，

requires all of us.

需要我们所有人参与其中。

Thank you guys. Thank you.

谢谢你们，谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Kelo Kubu: Thanks, Vivek.

Kelo Kubu： 谢谢 Vivek。

So I'm going to make a few assumptions

我想做几个假设——

that people in this room know what the Sustainable Development Goals are

坐在这里的人知道 可持续发展的目标是什么，

and how the process works,

并且知道其运作的过程。

but I want us to talk a little bit

但是我想和大家讨论一下

about Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions.

第十六个目标： 和平，公正和强大的体系。

Vivek Maru: Yeah. Anybody remember the Millennium Development Goals?

Vivek Maru：有人记得 千禧年的发展目标吗？

They were adopted in 2000 by the UN and governments around the world,

2000 年时，这些目标 被联合国和世界各国政府采用，

and they were for essential, laudable things.

是针对一些基本的、 值得赞誉的事。

It was reduce child mortality by two thirds, cut hunger in half,

减少三分之二的儿童死亡率、 一半的饥饿率，

crucial things.

都是至关重要的事情。

But there was no mention of justice or fairness

但其中却没有提到正义，公平，

or accountability or corruption,

责任，或者腐败。

and we have made progress during the 15 years

我们在过去的十五年中

when those goals were in effect,

已经在朝着这些目标前进，

but we are way behind what justice demands,

但同时对公正的需求却被抛在身后。

and we're not going to get there unless we take justice into account.

除非我们同样重视公正， 不然我们不可能实现这些目标。

And so when the debate started about the next development framework,

当人们开始对下一次发展框架，

the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals,

即 2030 年的可持续发展目标 展开辩论时，

our community came together around the world

全世界的团体齐聚一堂，

to argue that access to justice and legal empowerment

讨论实现正义和法律赋权

should be a part of that new framework.

应该成为新框架的一部分。

And there was a lot of resistance.

当中也存在着很多反对的声音。

Those things are more political, more contentious than the other ones,

因为这些事比其他目标 更加的政治化和具有争议性，

so we didn't know until the night before whether it was going to come through.

所以直到成功的前夕， 我们都无法知道结果，

We squeaked by.

只能走一步看一步。

The 16th out of 17 goals commits to access to justice for all,

十七个目标中的第十六个， 旨在实现对所有人的公正，

which is a big deal.

是一件了不得的事。

It's a big deal, yes. Let's clap for justice.

是的，这很了不起， 让我们为公正鼓掌。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Here's the scandal, though.

但同时，还有一件难以启齿的事。

The day the goals were adopted,

当一个目标被采纳之时，

most of them were accompanied by big commitments:

大多数都会伴随着大量资助：

a billion dollars from the Gates Foundation

来自盖茨基金会和

and the British government for nutrition;

英国政府的 10 亿美元营养援助；

25 billion in public-private financing for health care for women and children.

用于妇女和儿童卫生保健 的 250 亿美元公私合营资金。

On access to justice, we had the words on the paper,

但在实现公正上，我们有书面认可，

but nobody pledged a penny,

但却没有人赞助一分钱，

and so that is the opportunity and the challenge that we face right now.

这就是我们目前 所面对的机遇和挑战。

The world recognizes more than ever before

这个世界比以往任何时候 都更加认识到

that you can't have development without justice,

失去公正，发展就从实现。

that people can't improve their lives if they can't exercise their rights,

如果人们无法践行他们的权利， 就无法改善他们的生活。

and what we need to do now is turn that rhetoric,

所以我们现在需要做的， 就是把华丽的辞藻

turn that principle, into reality.

和所谓的道义，变成现实。

(Applause)

（掌声）

KK: How can we help? What can people in this room do?

Kelo Kubu：我们该怎样提供帮助呢？ 在场的各位可以为你们做些什么？

VM: Great question. Thank you for asking.

Vivek Maru： 好问题，谢谢你问这个问题。

I would say three things.

我想提供三个途径。

One is invest.

第一是投资。

If you have 10 dollars, or a hundred dollars, a million dollars,

如果你有十美元， 或是一百美元，一百万美元，

考虑投资一些到 基层的法律赋权工作上。

consider putting some of it towards grassroots legal empowerment.

它本身就是很重要的，

It's important in its own right

对于我们所关心的一切事情 都十分重要。

and it's crucial for just about everything else we care about.

Number two,

第二，

push your politicians and your governments to make this a public priority.

推动你当地的政治家和政府 把这项工作作为公众的优先事项。

Just like health or education, access to justice

就像健康和教育一样， 公正的实现也同样

should be one of the things that a government owes its people,

应该成为政府对百姓的承诺，

and we're nowhere close to that,

然而不论是富有还是贫穷的国家，

neither in rich countries or poor countries.

我们所做的都还远远不够。

Number three is: be a paralegal in your own life.

第三：成为自己生活的法律助理。

Find an injustice or a problem where you live.

找出你生活中存在的不公正现象，

It's not hard to find, if you look.

如果用心去发现的话，并不难找到。

Is the river being contaminated,

那条流经你生活的城市

the one that passes through the city where you live?

的河流被污染了吗？

Are there workers getting paid less than minimum wage

有哪些人的收入低于 最低工资标准吗？

or who are working without safety gear?

或者，有人在安全无法得到保障 的情况下工作吗？

Get to know the people most affected,

去了解那些受到影响最大的人们，

find out what the rules say,

弄清规章制度怎么说，

see if you can use those rules to get a solution.

看能否使用那些章程 找到解决问题的方法。

If it doesn't work, see if you can come together to improve those rules.

如果没用的话，再看能否 与其他人一同改进那些章程。

Because if we all start knowing law, using law and shaping law,

因为一旦我们开始了解法律， 使用法律和塑造法律，

then we will be building that deeper version of democracy

我们就能锻造出更深层次的民主。

that I believe our world desperately needs.

我相信，这是我们的世界 最迫切需要的。

（鼓掌）

(Applause)

Kelo Kubu：非常谢谢你，Vivek。 Vivek：谢谢。

KK: Thanks so much, Vivek. VM: Thank you.