What would happen if we upload our brains to computers? | Robin Hanson

151,863 views ใƒป 2017-09-09

TED


ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู†ุงู‡ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ.

ุงู„ู…ุชุฑุฌู…: Nawal Sharabati ุงู„ู…ุฏู‚ู‘ู‚: Ayman Mahmoud
00:13
Someday, we may have robots as smart as people,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ูŠูˆู…ู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฃุดุฎุงุตูŒ ุขู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃุฐูƒูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ
00:17
artificial intelligence, AI.
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ุงู„ุฐูƒุงุก ุงู„ุงุตุทู†ุงุนูŠ (AI).
00:20
How could that happen?
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ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ุญุฏูˆุซ ุฐู„ูƒุŸ
00:22
One route is that we'll just keep accumulating better software,
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ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุณู†ุจู‚ูŠ ูู‚ุท ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ุฃูุถู„
00:25
like we've been doing for 70 years.
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ูƒู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ูุนู„ู ู…ู†ุฐ 70 ุนุงู…ู‹ุง.
00:28
At past rates of progress, that may take centuries.
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ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุณุชุบุฑู‚ู ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ู‚ุฑูˆู†ู‹ุง.
00:31
Some say it'll happen a lot faster
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ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู„ู ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุฏุซู ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
00:34
as we discover grand new powerful theories of intelligence.
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ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุงูƒุชุดูู†ุง ู†ุธุฑูŠุงุช ูƒุจุฑู‰ุŒ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฐูƒุงุก.
00:38
I'm skeptical.
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ุฃุดูƒู ููŠ ุฐู„ูƒ.
00:40
But a third scenario
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ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุตูˆุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
00:43
is what I'm going to talk about today.
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ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุณุฃุชุญุฏุซู ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู….
00:45
The idea is to port the software from the human brain.
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ูุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุจุฑู…ุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏู…ุบุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ.
00:48
To do this, we're going to need three technologies to be good enough,
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ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณู†ุญุชุงุฌู ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉุŒ
00:52
and none of them are there yet.
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ูˆู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏู ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†.
00:54
First, we're going to need lots of cheap, fast, parallel computers.
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุณู†ุญุชุงุฌู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ ุงู„ุฑุฎูŠุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ.
01:00
Second, we're going to need to scan individual human brains
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุณู†ุญุชุงุฌู ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ุฃุฏู…ุบุฉ ุจุดุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ูุฑุฏ
01:04
in fine spatial and chemical detail,
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ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ูˆู…ูุตู„ ูƒูŠู…ุงุฆูŠู‹ุงุŒ
01:07
to see exactly what cells are where, connected to what, of what type.
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ู„ุฑุคูŠุฉ ุฃูŠู† ุชู‚ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ ูˆุจู…ุงุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ุชุตู„ุฉุŒ ูˆู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุนู‡ุง.
01:11
And third, we're going to need computer models
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ูˆุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ุณู†ุญุชุงุฌู ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุญูˆุงุณูŠุจ
01:15
of how each kind of brain cell works --
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ู„ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุน --
01:18
taking input signals, changing interval state
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ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุบูŠุฑู ูˆุถุน ุงู„ููˆุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฒู…ูŠู†ุฉ
01:21
and sending output signals.
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ูˆู†ุฑุณู„ู ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ.
01:22
If we have good enough models of all the kinds of brain cells
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ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ
01:26
and a good enough model of the brain,
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ูˆู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฏู…ุบุฉุŒ
01:28
we can put it together to make a good enough model of an entire brain,
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ู†ุณุชุทูŠุน ุฃู† ู†ุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุนู‹ุง ู„ุตู†ุน ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุฌูŠุฏ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ู…ุชูƒุงู…ู„ุŒ
01:31
and that model would have the same input-output behavior as the original.
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ูˆุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ู†ูุณ ุณู„ูˆูƒูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฅุฏุฎุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌ ูƒุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ.
01:35
So if you talk to it, it might talk back.
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ูุฅุฐุง ุชุญุฏุซุชู… ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุฑุฏ ุนู„ูŠูƒู….
01:38
If you ask it to do things, it might do them.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุจุชู… ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง.
01:40
And if we could do that, everything would change.
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก.
01:43
People have been talking about this idea for decades,
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ูŠุชุญุฏุซู ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ุนู‚ูˆุฏุŒ
01:45
under the name of "uploads."
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ุชุญุช ู…ุณู…ู‘ู‰ "ุชุญู…ูŠู„"
01:47
I'm going to call them "ems."
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ุณุฃุทู„ู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… "ุฅู…ุฒ/ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ู…ูุญุงูƒุงุฉ".
01:50
When they talk about it, they say,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุญุฏุซูˆู† ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู†ุŒ
01:52
"Is this even possible?
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"ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู†ู‹ุงุŸ
01:54
If you made one, would it be conscious? Or is it just an empty machine?
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ุฅุฐุง ุตู†ุนุชู… ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ู„ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุนูŠู‹ุงุŸ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุขู„ุฉ ูุงุฑุบุฉุŸ
01:58
If you made one of me, is that me or someone else?"
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ู„ูˆ ุตู†ุนุชู… ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุง ู…ู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ู„ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุดุฎุตู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑุŸ"
02:00
These are all fascinating questions that I'm going to ignore ...
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ุณุฃุชุฌุงู‡ู„ู ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู…ุชุนุฉ ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ...
02:03
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:06
because I see a neglected question:
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ู„ุฃู†ู†ูŠ ุฃุฑู‰ ุณุคุงู„ู‹ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู„ู‹ุง:
02:08
What would actually happen?
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ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณูŠุญุฏุซู ูุนู„ู‹ุงุŸ
02:12
I became obsessed with this question.
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ุฃุตุจุญุชู ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณู‹ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„.
02:15
I spent four years trying to analyze it,
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ู‚ุถูŠุชู ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุนูˆุงู… ู…ุญุงูˆู„ู‹ุง ุชุญู„ูŠู„ู‡ุงุŒ
02:18
using standard academic tools, to guess what would happen,
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ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‹ุง ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ุชุนู„ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ูŠุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ุชุฎู…ูŠู† ู…ุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซุŒ
02:22
and I'm here to tell you what I found.
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ูˆุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃุฎุจุฑูƒู… ู…ุงุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุชู.
02:24
But be warned --
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ู„ูƒู† ุงุญุฐุฑูˆุงุŒ
02:26
I'm not offering inspiration, I'm offering analysis.
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ู„ุง ุฃู‚ุฏู…ู ุฅุจุฏุงุนู‹ุงุŒ ุฃู‚ุฏู…ู ุชุญู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง.
02:29
I see my job as telling you what's most likely to happen
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ุฃุฑู‰ ูˆุธูŠูุชูŠ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุจุบูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‘ ุงุฎุจุงุฑูƒู… ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ
02:32
if we did the least to avoid it.
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ู„ูˆ ูุนู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ุชุฌู†ุจ ุฐู„ูƒ.
02:35
If you aren't at least a bit disturbed by something I tell you here,
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ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุชู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†ุฒุนุฌูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ุดูŠุก ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู… ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
02:39
you're just not paying attention.
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ูˆุฃู†ุชู… ู„ุง ุชุนูŠุฑูˆู† ุงู‡ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูู‚ุท.
02:40
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
02:42
OK, the first thing I can tell you
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ุญุณู†ู‹ุงุŒ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุฃุณุชุทูŠุน ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู„ูƒู…
02:44
is that ems spend most of their life in virtual reality.
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ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุฅู…ุฒ/ู†ู…ุงุฐุฌ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ุชู‚ุถูŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ.
02:48
This is what you might look like if you were using virtual reality.
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุจุฏูˆู† ู‡ูƒุฐุง ุฅุฐุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุชู… ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ.
02:53
And this is what you might see:
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชุฑูˆู†ู‡:
02:57
sunlight glinting off of water, you might hear gulls flying above,
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ูŠุชุฃู„ู‚ ุถูˆุก ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุกุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุณู…ุนูˆู† ุตูˆุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฑุณ ูŠุญู„ู‚ ููˆู‚ู‡ุงุŒ
03:00
you might even feel the wind on your cheeks or smell seawater,
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ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุฏ ุชุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฑูŠุงุญ ุชู„ูุญ ุฎุฏูˆุฏูƒู… ุฃูˆ ุชุดู…ูˆู† ู…ูŠุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุญุฑุŒ
03:03
with advanced hardware.
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ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ุนุฏุงุช ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ.
03:05
Now, if you were to spend a lot of time here,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฑุฏุชู… ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู‡ู†ุงุŒ
03:08
you might want a dashboard
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ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุชุญูƒู‘ู…
03:09
where you could do things like make a phone call,
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ุญูŠุซ ุชุณุชุทูŠุนูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุซู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู…ูƒุงู„ู…ุฉ ู‡ุงุชููŠุฉุŒ
03:11
move to a new virtual world,
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ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู… ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
03:13
check your bank account.
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ูˆุงู„ุชุญู‚ู‚ ู…ู† ุญุณุงุจูƒู… ุงู„ุจู†ูƒูŠ.
03:15
Now, while this is what you would look like in virtual reality,
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ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุณุณุชุจุฏูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠุŒ
03:19
this is what an em would look like in virtual reality.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุณุชุจุฏูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู…/ุงู„ู…ูุญุงูƒูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ
03:22
It's computer hardware sitting in a server rack somewhere.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ุนุฏุงุช ุญุงุณูˆุจ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู…ู„ ุฎุงุฏู… ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู ู…ุง.
03:25
But still, it could see and experience the same thing.
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุฒุงู„ู ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุฑู‰ ูˆุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆุชุนูŠุดู ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก.
03:29
But some things are different for ems.
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุฒ.
03:31
First, while you'll probably always notice that virtual reality isn't entirely real,
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู† ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ุจุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠู‹ุง ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡ุŒ
03:36
to an em, it can feel as real to them as this room feels to you now
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุฃู† ุชุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูƒู…ุง ุชุดุนุฑู ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู… ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง
03:39
or as anything ever feels.
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ุฃูˆูƒู…ุง ูŠุดุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู ู…ุถู‰.
03:41
And ems also have some more action possibilities.
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ูˆู„ุฏู‰ ุฅู…ุฒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„.
03:44
For example, your mind just always runs at the same speed,
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ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ู ุฃุฏู…ุบุชูƒู… ุฏูˆู…ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุŒ
03:46
but an em can add more or less computer hardware to run faster or slower,
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ู„ูƒู† ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ู…ุนุฏุงุช ุงู„ุญูˆุณุจุฉ ู„ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃุณุฑุน ุฃูˆ ุฃุจุทุฃุŒ
03:50
and therefore, if the world around them seems to be going too fast,
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฃุณุฑุน ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุงุŒ
03:54
they can just speed up their mind,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุชุณุฑูŠุน ุนู…ู„ ุนู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู…ุŒ
03:56
and the world around them would seem to slow down.
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ูˆุณูŠุจุฏูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญูˆู„ู‡ู… ุฃุจุทุฃ.
03:58
In addition, an em can make a copy of itself at that moment.
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ุนู„ุงูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุนู…ู„ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูุณู‡ ููŠ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ.
04:03
This copy would remember everything the same,
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ุณุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ูƒู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุงู„ุถุจุทุŒ
04:06
and if it starts out with the same speed, looking at the same speed,
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ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠู†ุทู„ู‚ู ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุจุญุซู ุนู†ุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุŒ
04:09
it might even need to be told, "You are the copy."
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ุญุชู‰ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุชุงุฌู ู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุฃู†ุช ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ".
04:12
And em could make archive copies,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุตู†ุน ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุฉุŒ
04:14
and with enough archives,
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ูˆู…ุน ู…ุง ูŠูƒููŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฌู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุญุชูŠุงุทูŠุฉุŒ
04:16
an em can be immortal --
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุฃู† ุชุนู…ู‘ุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏ --
04:18
in principle, though not usually in practice.
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ู…ู† ุญูŠุซ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃุŒ ูˆู„ูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ.
04:21
And an em can move its brain, the computer that represents its brain,
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ูˆูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุฃู† ูŠุญุฑูƒ ุฏู…ุงุบู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุณูˆุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุซู„ู ุฏู…ุงุบู‡ุŒ
04:24
from one physical location to another.
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ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุนู„ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู†ู ุขุฎุฑ.
04:27
Ems can actually move around the world at the speed of light,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู…ุฒ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุถูˆุกุŒ
04:31
and by moving to a new location,
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ูˆุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
04:32
they can interact more quickly with ems near that new location.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃู† ุชุชูุงุนู„ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจู…ุฑุงูู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠู…ุฒ ู‚ุฑุจ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏ.
04:36
So far, I've been talking about what ems can do.
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ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุฃุชุญุฏุซู ุนู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡.
04:41
What do ems choose to do?
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ู…ุงุฐุง ุชุฎุชุงุฑู ุฅู…ุฒ ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู‡ุŸ
04:44
To understand that, we'll need to understand three key facts.
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ู„ูู‡ู… ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุจ ุซู„ุงุซ ุญู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุฑุฆูŠุณุฉ:
04:47
First, ems by definition do what the human they emulate would do
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุจุญูƒู… ุชุนุฑูŠู ุฅู…ุฒ ูุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู…ุง ุณุชู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุญุงูƒูˆู†ู‡ู…
04:54
in the same situation.
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ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู.
04:56
So their lives and behavior are very human.
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒุŒ ูุญูŠุงุชู‡ู… ูˆุณู„ูˆูƒูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุฅู†ุณุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
04:58
They're mainly different because they're living in a different world.
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุฎุชู„ููˆู† ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนูŠุดูˆู† ููŠ ุนุงู„ู…ู ู…ุฎุชู„ู.
05:02
Second, ems need real resources to survive.
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุชุญุชุงุฌู ุฅู…ุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
05:05
You need food and shelter or you'll die.
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ุชุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุทุนุงู… ูˆู…ุฃูˆู‰ ุฃูˆ ุณุชู…ูˆุชูˆู†.
05:09
Also, ems need computer hardware, energy, cooling, or they can't exist.
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ุชุญุชุงุฌู ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฅู…ุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุนุฏุงุช ุญุงุณูˆุจุŒ ูˆุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ูˆู†ุธุงู… ุชุจุฑูŠุฏุŒ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฌุฏ.
05:13
For every subjective minute that an em experiences,
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ู„ูƒู„ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ ุดุฎุตูŠุฉ ูŠุนูŠุดู‡ุง ุฅู…ุŒ
05:16
someone, usually that em, had to work to pay for it.
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ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฅู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠุฏูุน ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุฐู„ูƒ.
05:19
Third, ems are poor.
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ุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ุฅู…ุฒ ู…ูุนุฏู…ุฉ.
05:21
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
05:23
The em population can grow quicker than the em economy,
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ุฃู† ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุณูƒุงู† ุฅู… ุฃุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏู‡ุŒ
05:26
so that means wages fall down to em subsistence levels.
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ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุฌูˆุฑ ุชู†ุฎูุถ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ูƒูุงู ุจุงู„ู†ุณุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู….
05:29
That means ems have to be working most of the time.
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ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุจุฃู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช.
05:32
So that means this is what ems usually see:
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ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุฑุงู‡ ุฅู…ุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ
05:35
beautiful and luxurious, but desks --
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ุฌู…ูŠู„ ูˆูุงุฎุฑุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ูƒุงุชุจ --
05:38
they're working most of the time.
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ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช.
05:40
Now, a subsistence wage scenario, you might think, is exotic and strange,
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ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃุฌุฑ ุงู„ูƒูุงูุŒ ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู†ุŒ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุนุฌูŠุจ ูˆุบุฑูŠุจุŒ
05:44
but it's actually the usual case in human history,
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ูุนู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุนุชุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุจุดุฑูŠุŒ
05:46
and it's how pretty much all wild animals have ever lived,
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ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุนุงุดุช ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ุจุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ูˆู‚ุชู ู…ุถู‰ุŒ
ูู†ุนุฑูู ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ู.
05:49
so we know what humans do in this situation.
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05:51
Humans basically do what it takes to survive,
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ูŠู‚ูˆู…ู ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุจู…ุง ูŠู„ุฒู…ู ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉุŒ
05:54
and this is what lets me say so much about the em world.
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ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ุญู ู„ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู† ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู….
05:58
When creatures are rich, like you,
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุบู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุซู„ูƒู…ุŒ
06:00
you have to know a lot about what they want
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ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูŠุฏูˆู†
ู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู‡.
06:03
to figure out what they do.
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06:04
When creatures are poor,
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ูˆุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ู…ูุนุฏู…ุฉุŒ
06:05
you know that they mostly do what it takes to survive.
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ูุชุนุฑููˆู† ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌุญ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู…ุง ูŠู„ุฒู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญูŠุงุฉ.
06:08
So we've been talking about the em world from the point of view of the ems --
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ู„ู‚ุฏ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุนู† ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู… ู…ู† ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู…ุฒ ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… --
ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุกุŒ ูˆู†ู†ุธุฑู ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุฃูƒู…ู„ู‡.
06:12
now, let's step back and look at their whole world.
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06:14
First, the em world grows much faster than ours,
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ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุนุงู„ู…ู†ุงุŒ
06:17
roughly a hundred times faster.
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 100 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุณุฑุน.
06:20
So the amount of change we would experience in a century or two,
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ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุณู†ุดู‡ุฏู‡ ููŠ ู‚ุฑู†ู ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑู†ูŠู†ุŒ
06:23
they would experience in a year or two.
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ุณูŠุดู‡ุฏูˆู‡ ููŠ ุนุงู…ู ุฃูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู†.
06:25
And I'm not really willing to project this age much beyond that,
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ูˆู„ุณุชู ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุฏุงุฏ ู„ู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃุจุนุฏ ู…ู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ
06:28
because plausibly by then something else will happen, I don't know what.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูˆุจุญู„ูˆู„ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุณูŠุญุฏุซู ุดูŠุฆู‹ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุง ุฃุนุฑูู‡.
06:31
Second, the typical emulation runs even faster,
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ุซุงู†ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุชุนู…ู„ู ุงู„ู…ุญุงูƒุงุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉ ุฃุณุฑุนุŒ
06:34
roughly a thousand times human speed.
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1ุŒ000 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง.
06:37
So for them, they experience thousands of years in this year or two,
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ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุดู‡ุฏูˆู† ุขู„ุงู„ุงู ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠู†ุŒ
06:42
and for them, the world around them is actually changing more slowly
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ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ู…ุŒ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑู ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุญูˆู„ู‡ู… ุจุจุทุก ุฃูƒุจุฑ
06:45
than your world seems to change for you.
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ุนู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ูŠูƒู….
06:48
Third, ems are crammed together in a small number of very dense cities.
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ุซุงู„ุซู‹ุงุŒ ุชูƒุชุธู ุฅู…ุฒ ู…ุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฏู† ุงู„ูƒุซูŠูุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง.
06:52
This is not only how they see themselves in virtual reality,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ูƒูŠู ูŠุฑูˆู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู„ุงูุชุฑุงุถูŠุŒ
06:56
it's also how they actually are physically crammed together.
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ุฅู†ู…ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูุนู„ู‹ุง ูŠูƒุชุธูˆู† ู…ุนู‹ุง ู…ุงุฏูŠู‹ุง.
06:59
So at em speeds, physical travel feels really painfully slow,
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ูุนู†ุฏ ุณุฑุนุงุช ุฅู…ุŒ ูŠู„ู…ุณู ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุจุทุฃ ุญู‚ู‹ุงุŒ
07:03
so most em cities are self-sufficient,
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ูู…ุนุธู… ู…ุฏู† ุฅู… ู…ูƒุชููŠุฉ ุฐุงุชูŠู‹ุงุŒ
07:05
most war is cyber war,
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ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุญุฑูˆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุญุฑูˆุจ ุฅู„ูŠูƒุชุฑูˆู†ูŠุฉุŒ
07:07
and most of the rest of the earth away from the em cities
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ูˆู…ุนุธู… ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ู…ุฏู† ุฅู…
07:10
is left to the humans, because the ems really aren't that interested in it.
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุจุดุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุฅู…ุฒ ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ู‡ุชู…ุฉ ุจู‡ุง.
07:14
Speaking of humans,
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ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
07:15
you were wanting to hear about that.
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ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุฑูŠุฏูˆู† ุณู…ุงุน ุฐู„ูƒ.
07:17
Humans must retire, at once, for good.
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฃู† ูŠุชู‚ุงุนุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุขู†ู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุจุฏ.
07:22
They just can't compete.
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ู„ุง ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู†ุงูุณุฉ.
07:24
Now, humans start out owning all of the capital in this world.
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ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ูŠุจุงุดุฑู ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู…ุชู„ุงูƒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณู…ุงู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
07:27
The economy grows very fast, their wealth grows very fast.
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ูŠู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ ูˆุชู†ู…ูˆ ุซุฑูˆุชู‡ู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง.
07:30
Humans get rich, collectively.
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ูŠุตุจุญู ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฃุบู†ูŠุงุก ุฌู…ุงุนูŠู‹ุง.
07:34
As you may know, most humans today don't actually own that much
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ูˆูƒู…ุง ุชุนู„ู…ูˆู†ุŒ ู„ุง ูŠู…ู„ูƒ ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน
07:37
besides their ability to work,
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุงู†ุจ ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ
07:39
so between now and then, they need to acquire sufficient assets,
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ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ููŠู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุญุชุงุฌูˆู† ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู…ุชู„ูƒุงุช ูƒุงููŠุฉุŒ
07:42
insurance or sharing arrangements,
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ู…ุซู„ ุชุฃู…ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชุฑุชูŠุจุงุช ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉุŒ
07:44
or they may starve.
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ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฏ ูŠุดุนุฑูˆู† ุจุงู„ุฌูˆุน ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏ.
07:46
I highly recommend avoiding this outcome.
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ุฃู†ุตุญู ุจุดุฏุฉ ุชุฌู†ุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ.
07:48
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
07:50
Now, you might wonder,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุชุณุงุกู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŒ
07:51
why would ems let humans exist?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ุณุชุณู…ุญู ุฅู…ุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŸ
07:53
Why not kill them, take their stuff?
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ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ู„ุง ุชู‚ุชู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุชุณุชูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌูŠุงุชู‡ู…ุŸ
07:55
But notice we have many unproductive retirees around us today,
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ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุชู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
07:58
and we don't kill them and take their stuff.
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ูˆู„ุง ู†ู‚ุชู„ู‡ู… ูˆู†ุณุชูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌูŠุงุชู‡ู….
08:00
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
08:02
In part, that's because it would disrupt the institutions we share with them.
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ูˆูŠุนูˆุฏู ุฐู„ูƒ ุฌุฒุฆูŠู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุชุชุนุทู„ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุคุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู†ุดุงุฑูƒู‡ุง ู…ุนู‡ู….
08:07
Other groups would wonder who's next,
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ุณุชุชุณุงุกู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŸ
08:09
so plausibly, ems may well let humans retire in peace during the age of em.
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ุฑุจู…ุง ุชุณู…ุญู ุฅู…ุฒ ู„ู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุณู„ุงู… ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุตุฑ ุฅู….
08:14
You should worry more that the age of em only lasts a year or two
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ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุนุตุฑ ุฅู… ูŠุณุชู…ุฑู ุนุงู… ุฃูˆ ุนุงู…ูŠู† ูู‚ุท
08:17
and you don't know what happens next.
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ูˆู„ุง ุชุนุฑููˆู† ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซู ู„ุงุญู‚ู‹ุง.
08:21
Ems are very much like humans,
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ุชุดุจู‡ ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏู ุจุนูŠุฏุŒ
08:23
but they are not like the typical human.
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ู… ู„ูŠุณูˆุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ.
08:26
The typical em is a copy of the few hundred most productive humans.
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ุฅู… ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฉ ู…ุฆุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌุงู‹.
08:33
So in fact, they are as elite, compared to the typical human,
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ุฅู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู†ุฎุจุฉ ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ
08:36
as the typical billionaire, Nobel Prize winner,
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ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑุฏูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุŒ ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฆุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุงุฆุฒุฉ ู†ูˆุจู„ุŒ
08:39
Olympic gold medalist, head of state.
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ูˆุงู„ุญุงุฆุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู…ุจูŠุงุฏ ูˆุญุงูƒู… ุงู„ูˆู„ุงูŠุฉ.
08:42
Ems look on humans perhaps with nostalgia and gratitude,
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ู‚ุฏ ุชู†ุธุฑู ุฅู…ุฒ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุจุญู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู…ุชู†ุงู†ุŒ
08:46
but not so much respect,
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ูˆู„ูƒู† ู„ูŠุณ ุจุงุญุชุฑุงู… ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
08:48
which is, if you think about it, how you think about your ancestors.
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ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠุŒ ู„ูˆ ููƒุฑุชู… ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุซู„ู…ุง ุชุนุชู‚ุฏูˆู† ุญูˆู„ ุฃุณู„ุงููƒู….
08:51
We know many things about how humans differ in terms of productivity.
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ู†ุนุฑูู ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุนู† ูƒูŠููŠุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ู…ู† ุญูŠุซู ุงู„ุฅู†ุชุงุฌูŠุฉ.
08:54
We can just use those to predict features of ems --
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู„ุชู†ุจุค ุจุตูุงุช ุฅู…ุฒ
ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ูŠู…ูŠู„ูˆู† ู„ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุฐูƒูŠุงุก ูˆูˆุงุนูŠู†ุŒ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุฌุฏุŒ
08:57
for example, they tend to be smart, conscientious, hard-working,
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09:00
married, religious, middle-aged.
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ู…ุชุฒูˆุฌูŠู† ูˆู…ุชุฏูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู ุฃุนู…ุงุฑู‡ู….
09:02
These are features of ems.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุตูุงุช ุฅู…ุฒ.
09:03
Em world also contains enormous variety.
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ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนุงู„ู… ุฅู…ุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู†ูˆุนุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ.
09:06
Not only does it continue on with most of the kinds of variety that humans do,
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ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุชุณุชู…ุฑู ู…ุน ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
09:10
including variety of industry and profession,
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ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู‚ุทุงุนุงุช ูˆุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุŒ
09:12
they also have many new kinds of variety,
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ
09:14
and one of the most important is mind speed.
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ูˆุฃุญุฏู ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ุงุบ.
09:17
Ems can plausibly go from human speed
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฅู…ุฒ ุฃู† ุชุจู„ุบ
ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑุŒ
09:21
up to a million times faster than human speed,
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09:24
and down to a billion times slower than human speed.
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ูˆุชู†ุฎูุถ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ุจุดุฑ.
09:28
Faster ems tend to have markers of high status.
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ุชู…ูŠู„ ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู…ุงุช ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ.
09:30
They embody more wealth. They win arguments.
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ุชุดู…ู„ู ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุซุฑูˆุฉุŒ ูˆุชูƒุณุจู ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฏู„ุงุช.
09:33
They sit at premium locations.
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ุชุฌู„ุณู ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุชู…ูŠุฒุฉ.
09:34
Slower ems are mostly retirees,
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ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ุฃุจุทุฃ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ุง ู…ุชู‚ุงุนุฏุฉุŒ
09:36
and they are like the ghosts of our literature.
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ูˆุชุดุจู‡ ุฃุดุจุงุญ ุฃุฏุจูŠุงุชู†ุง.
09:38
If you recall, ghosts are all around us --
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ูƒู…ุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู†ุŒ ุชูˆุฌุฏู ุงู„ุฃุดุจุงุญ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง --
09:40
you can interact with them if you pay the price.
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฏูุนุชู… ุงู„ุซู…ู†.
09:43
But they don't know much, they can't influence much,
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุนุฑูู ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ูˆู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ
09:45
and they're obsessed with the past, so what's the point?
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ูˆู‡ูŠ ู…ู‡ูˆูˆุณุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุŒ ูู…ุง ุงู„ุบุงูŠุฉุŸ
09:48
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
09:49
Ems also have more variety in the structure of their lives.
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ู„ุฏู‰ ุฅู…ุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชู†ูˆุน ููŠ ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุชู†ุธูŠู… ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง.
09:52
This is your life: you start and you end, really simple.
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุงุชูƒู…ุŒ ุชุจุฏุฃูˆู† ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูˆู† ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
09:55
This is the life of an em,
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุฅู…ุŒ
09:56
who every day splits off some short-term copies
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ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู†ุดุทุฑู ุฅู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ
09:59
to do short-term tasks and then end.
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ู„ู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจู…ู‡ู…ุงุช ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู„ุŒ ูˆุชู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ.
10:01
We'll talk more about those short term versions in a moment,
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ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซู ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู„ุญุธุงุชุŒ
10:05
but they are much more efficient
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ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒูุงุกุฉ
10:06
because they don't have to rest for the next day.
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุง ุชุถุทุฑู ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฎุงุก ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
10:09
This em is more opportunistic.
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ุฅู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุฒู‹ุง.
10:10
They make more copies of themselves when there's more demand for that.
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ุชุตู†ุนู ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูุณู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุทู„ุจู‹ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง.
10:14
They don't know which way the future's going.
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ู„ุง ูŠุนุฑููˆู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„.
10:16
This is an em designer,
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตู…ู… ุฅู…ุŒ
10:17
who conceives of a large system
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชุฎูŠู‘ู„ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ
10:19
and then breaks recursively into copies who elaborate that,
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ุดุทุฑ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑู‹ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุณุฎ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุตู‘ู„ุช ูˆุฏู‚ู‚ุช ุฐู„ูƒุŒ
10:22
so ems can implement larger, more coherent designs.
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ุฅู… ุชู†ููŠุฐ ุชุตุงู…ูŠู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆู…ุชู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ.
10:26
This an emulation plumber
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ู‡ุฐุง ุณุจู‘ุงูƒ ู…ุญุงูƒูŠ
10:27
who remembers that every day, for the last 20 years,
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ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑู ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุง ูˆุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉุŒ
10:30
they only ever worked two hours a day, a life of leisure.
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ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ ูู‚ุท ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑูุงู‡ูŠุฉ.
10:32
But what really happened is, every day they had a thousand copies,
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ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุญุฏุซ ูุนู„ู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุฃู„ูู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุณุฎ ูŠูˆู…ูŠู‹ุงุŒ
10:35
each of whom did a two-hour plumbing job,
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ูˆุชู‚ูˆู…ู ูƒู„ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุจุณุงุนุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุณุจุงูƒุฉุŒ
10:37
and only one of them went on to the next day.
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ูˆูŠุฐู‡ุจู ูˆุงุญุฏู‹ุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูู‚ุท ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ.
10:40
Objectively, they're working well over 99 percent of the time.
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ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนูŠุŒ ูŠุนู„ู…ูˆู† ุฌูŠุฏู‹ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 99% ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุชู‡ู….
ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุดุฎุตูŠุŒ ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู† ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ุฑูุงู‡ูŠุฉ.
10:43
Subjectively, they remember a life of leisure.
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10:45
(Laughter)
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(ุถุญูƒ)
10:46
This, again, is you. You start and you end.
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ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉู‹ ุงุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูˆูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ.
10:48
This could be you if at the start of party,
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ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุญุฏูƒู… ุฅุฐ ูˆุนู†ุฏ ุจุฏุก ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉุŒ
10:50
you took a drug that meant you would not remember that party
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ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุฏูˆุงุกู‹ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู† ูŠู†ุณูŠู‡ ุชู„ูƒ ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉ
10:53
ever after that day.
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ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง.
10:55
Some people do this, I'm told.
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ูƒู…ุง ุฃุฎุจุฑุชูุŒ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุงู„ู‚ูŠุงู… ุจุฐู„ูƒ.
10:57
Toward the end of the party,
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ูˆุฅุฒุงุก ุงู†ุชู‡ุงุก ุงู„ุญูู„ุฉุŒ
10:59
will you say to yourself, "I'm about to die, this is terrible.
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ู‡ู„ ุณุชู‚ูˆู„ู ู„ู†ูุณูƒุŒ "ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุดูƒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุชุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃู…ุฑูŒ ุฑู‡ูŠุจ.
11:02
That person tomorrow isn't me, because they won't remember what I do."
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ู„ู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃู†ุง ุบุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู„ู† ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ุง ู‚ุงู…ูˆุง ุจู‡."
11:05
Or you could say, "I will go on tomorrow. I just won't remember what I did."
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุณุฃุฐู‡ุจู ุบุฏู‹ุง. ูˆู„ู† ุฃุชุฐูƒุฑ ูู‚ุท ู…ุง ู‚ู…ุชู ุจู‡."
11:09
This is an em who splits off a short-term copy
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู… ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดุทุฑุช ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฌู„
11:11
to do a short-term task and then end.
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ู„ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ ูˆุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ.
11:13
They have the same two attitude possibilities.
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ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุณู„ูˆูƒูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุญุชู…ู„ูŠู†.
11:15
They can say, "I'm a new short-term creature with a short life. I hate this."
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ูŠู…ูƒู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆู„ุŒ "ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฏ ุฐูˆ ุญูŠุงุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ. ูˆุฃูƒุฑู‡ ุฐู„ูƒ."
ุฃูˆุŒ"ุฃู†ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู„ู† ูŠุชุฐูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก."
11:19
Or "I'm a part of a larger creature who won't remember this part."
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11:22
I predict they'll have that second attitude,
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ูˆุฃุชู†ุจุฃ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุŒ
11:24
not because it's philosophically correct, but because it helps them get along.
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ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุญูŠุญู‹ุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ูู„ุณููŠุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง ู„ู„ุจู‚ุงุก.
11:28
Today, if the president says we must invade Iraq,
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงู„ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุงู‚ุŒ
ูˆุชุชุณุงุกู„ูˆู†ุŒ "ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ"
11:31
and you say, "Why?"
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ูˆูŠุฑุฏูุŒ "ุฃุณุฑุงุฑ ุฏูˆู„ุฉุŒ"
11:32
and they say, "State secret,"
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11:33
you're not sure if you can trust them,
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ู„ู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูƒู… ุงู„ูˆุซูˆู‚ ููŠู‡ุŒ
11:35
but for ems, a copy of the president and a copy of you can go inside a safe,
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ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู…ุฒุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ู ู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณ ูˆู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ุฐู‡ุงุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุณู„ุงู…ุŒ
ูˆุดุฑุญ ูƒู„ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุฃุณุฑุงุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจู‡ู…ุŒ
11:39
explain all their secret reasons,
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11:40
and then one bit comes out from your copy to yourself,
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ูˆุชุฎุฑุฌู ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†ูƒู… ู„ุฃู†ูุณูƒู…ุŒ
11:43
telling you if you were convinced.
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ุชุณุฃู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนูŠู†.
11:45
So now you can know there is a good reason.
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ูˆุจุฐู„ูƒ ูŠู…ูƒู†ูƒู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุจุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูŠู‡.
11:47
I know you guys are all eager to evaluate this world.
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ุฃุนุฑูู ุจุฃู†ูƒู… ุฌู…ูŠุนู‹ุง ุชูˆุงู‚ูˆู† ู„ุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุงู„ู….
11:50
You're eager to decide if you love it or hate it.
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ูˆุชูˆุงู‚ูˆู† ู„ุชู‚ุฑูŠุฑ ุฅู† ูƒู†ุชู… ุชุญุจูˆู†ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุชูƒุฑู‡ูˆู†ู‡.
11:52
But think: your ancestors from thousands of years ago
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ู„ูƒู† ููƒุฑูˆุง ุจุฃุณู„ุงููƒู… ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุขู„ุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู†ูŠู†
11:55
would have loved or hated your world
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ุฅู† ุฃุญุจุช ุฃูˆ ูƒุฑู‡ุช ุนุงู„ู…ูƒู…
11:57
based on the first few things they heard about it,
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ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู…ุนุช ููŠู‡ุงุŒ
11:59
because your world is really just weird.
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ู„ุฃู† ุนุงู„ู…ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุงู„ู…ูŒ ุบุฑูŠุจ ุญู‚ู‹ุง.
12:01
So before judging a strange future world, you should really learn a lot about it,
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ูู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู… ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ูŠ ุงู„ุบุฑูŠุจุŒ ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุญูˆู„ู‡ ูุนู„ู‹ุงุŒ
12:05
maybe read a whole book about it,
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ุฑุจู…ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ูƒุชุงุจู‹ุง ูƒุงู…ู„ู‹ุง ุนู†ู‡ุŒ
12:06
and then, if you don't like it, work to change it.
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ูˆุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุฅู† ู„ู… ุชุญุจูˆู‡ุŒ ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑู‡.
12:09
Thank you.
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ุดูƒุฑู‹ุง ู„ูƒู….
12:10
(Applause)
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(ุชุตููŠู‚)
ุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน

ุณูŠู‚ุฏู… ู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู‚ุงุทุน ููŠุฏูŠูˆ YouTube ุงู„ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ู„ุชุนู„ู… ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ. ุณุชุฑู‰ ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุชุฏุฑูŠุณู‡ุง ู…ู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุฃู†ุญุงุก ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…. ุงู†ู‚ุฑ ู†ู‚ุฑู‹ุง ู…ุฒุฏูˆุฌู‹ุง ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุตูุญุฉ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู„ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ. ูŠุชู… ุชู…ุฑูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุฌู…ุงุช ุจุงู„ุชุฒุงู…ู† ู…ุน ุชุดุบูŠู„ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฏูŠูƒ ุฃูŠ ุชุนู„ูŠู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุทู„ุจุงุช ุŒ ูŠุฑุฌู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ุจู†ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌ ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7