The pleasure of poetic pattern - David Silverstein

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Just for a moment,

Samo na trenutak

focus on your breath.

usredsredite se na disanje.

In slowly.

Polako udahnite.

Out slowly.

Polako izdahnite.

In slowly.

Polako udahnite.

Out.

Izdahnite.

The same pattern repeats within every one of us

Isti obrazac se ponavlja kod svakog od nas

and consider your pulse.

i tiče se vašeg pulsa.

The beat is built into the very fabric of our being.

Otkucaji su ugrađeni u samo tkanje našeg bića.

Simply put, we're creatures of rhythm and repetition.

Prosto rečeno, mi smo bića ritma i ponavljanja.

It's central to our experience,

To je temeljno za naše iskustvo,

rhythm and repetition,

ritam i ponavljanje,

rhythm and repetition.

ritam i ponavljanje.

On, and in,

Napred i unutra,

and on, and out.

i napred i van.

And we delight in those aspects everyday,

I svakodnevno se naslađujemo na taj način,

in the rhythm of a song,

ritmom pesme,

the beat of the drum,

udarcima u bubanj,

the nod of your head,

klimanjem glave

or in the repetition of soup cans,

ili istovetnim konzervama supe,

the rows of an orchard,

drvoredom u voćnjaku,

the artistry of petals.

estetikom latica.

Pattern can be pleasure.

Obrazac može da znači užitak.

In language, rhythm and repetition are often used

U jeziku se ritam i ponavljanje često koriste

as the building blocks for poetry.

kao gradivni elementi poezije.

There's the rhythm of language,

Imamo ritam jezika,

created by syllables and their emphasis,

koji tvore slogovi i njihovo naglašavanje,

such as, "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see."

poput: "Sve dok ljudi vide i dok život traje."

And there's the repetition of language at multiple levels:

A imamo jezička ponavljanja na više nivoa:

the repetition of letters,

ponavljanje slova,

"So long lives this and this gives life to thee,"

"Ova pesma tebi će život da daje",

of sounds,

zvukova,

"breathe," "see," "thee,"

"traje", "daje"

and of words.

i reči.

With so many uses, repetition is one of the poet's most malleable

S toliko mnogo primene, ponavljanje je jedno od najpokornijih

and reliable tools.

i najpouzdanijih pesničkih oruđa.

It can lift or lull the listener,

Ono može da podstrekne ili da uljuljka slušaoca,

amplify or diminish the line,

može da pojača ili oslabi stih,

unify or diversify ideas.

da ujedini ili da razjedini ideje.

In fact, even rhythm itself,

Zapravo, čak i sami ritam,

a repeated pattern of stressed syllables,

ponovljeni obrazac naglašenih slogova

is a form of repetition.

je oblik ponavljanja.

Yet for all its varied uses,

Ipak, uprkos mnogostrukoj primeni,

too much repetition can backfire.

previše ponavljanja može da vam se obije o glavu.

Imagine writing the same sentence on the blackboard twenty times,

Zamislite da pišete po tabli istu rečenicu dvadeset puta,

again, and again, and again, and again,

ponovo i ponovo i ponovo i ponovo.

or imagine a young child clamoring for her mother's attention,

Ili zamislite detence koje vrišti zarad majčine pažnje:

"Mom, mom, mommy, mom, mom."

"Mama, mama, mamice, mama, mama."

Not exactly what we might call poetry.

To ne bismo baš nazvali poezijom.

So what is poetic repetition, and why does it work?

Pa šta je poetsko ponavljanje i zašto funkcioniše?

Possibly most familiar is rhyme,

Verovatno je najpoznatija rima,

the repetition of like sounds in word endings.

ponavljanje sličnih zvukova na kraju reči.

As with Shakespeare's example,

Kao kod Šekspirovog primera,

we often encounter rhyme at the ends of lines.

često zatičemo rimu na kraju stihova.

Repetition in this way creates an expectation.

Ovakvo ponavljanje obrazuje očekivanje.

We begin to listen for the repetition of those similar sounds.

Počinjemo da osluškujemo ponavljanje sličnih zvukova.

When we hear them, the found pattern is pleasurable.

Kad ih čujemo, otkriveni obrazac je prijatan.

Like finding Waldo in the visual chaos,

Poput pronalaženja Valda u vizuelnom haosu,

we hear the echo in the oral chatter.

čujemo eho u zvučnom žamoru.

Yet, rhyme need not surface solely at a line's end.

Rima, pak, ne mora jedino da se pojavljuje na kraju stiha.

Notice the strong "i" sound in,

Primetićete jako "i" u:

"So long lives this and this gives life to thee."

"Ova pesma tebi život će da daje."

This repetition of vowel sounds is called assonance

Ovo ponavljanje samoglasnika se naziva asonancom

and can also be heard in Eminem's "Lose Yourself."

i možemo ga takođe čuti u Eminemovoj pesmi "Lose Yourself".

Notice how the "e" and "o" sounds repeat both within in

Obratite pažnju kako se glasovi "e" i "o" ponavljaju i u sredini

and at the end of each line:

i na kraju svakog stiha:

"Oh, there goes gravity,

"Oh, ode gravitacija,

Oh, there goes rabbit, he choked,

Oh, ode zeka kog je udavio,

he so mad but he won't give up that easy,

tako je lud, ali neće se lako predati,

no, he won't have it,

ne, neće prihvatiti to,

he knows his whole back's to these ropes."

zna da su mu sva leđa sputana tim konopcima."

The alternating assonance creates its own rhythm,

Naizmenična asonanca stvara sopstveni ritam,

and invites us to try our own voices in echoing it.

i poziva nas da isprobamo sopstvene glasove ponavljajući je.

Similarly, consonance is the repetition of like consonant sounds,

Slično, konsonaca je ponavljanje sličnih suglasnika,

such as the "l" and "th" in,

poput "t" i "d" u:

"So long lives this and this gives life to thee."

"Ova pesma tebi život će da daje."

In fact, this type of specific consonance,

Zapravo ovakav vid specifične konsonance,

which occurs at the beginning of words

koji se dešava na počecima reči

may be familiar to you already.

vam je odveć poznat.

It's called alliteration, or front rhyme.

Zove se aliteracija iliti prednja rima.

Great examples include tongue twisters.

Sjajan primer predstavljaju brzalice.

Betty bought some butter but the butter was bitter

Cvrči cvrči cvrčak, trči, trči, trčak; trči, trči, trk!

so Betty bought some better butter to make the bitter butter better.

Trčak trkom trči, crni cvrčak cvrči!

Here, the pleasure in pattern is apparent as we trip over the consonance

Ovde očigldeno uživamo u obrascu dok se saplićemo o suglasnike

both within words and at their start.

kako u sredini, tako i na početku reči.

Yet tongue twisters also reflect the need for variation in poetic repetition.

Brzalice, pak, takođe odražavaju potrebu za varijacijom u pesničkom ponavljanju.

While challenging to say,

Iako ih je teško izgovoriti,

they're seen by some as lesser imitations of poetry,

neki ih vide kao niži oblik podražavanja poezije,

or gimmicky because they hammer so heavily on the same sounds,

ili imitacijama jer se čvrsto drže istih zvukova,

closer to that blackboard-style of repetition.

bliži su stilu ponavljanja na tabli.

Ultimately, this is the poet's balancing act,

Naposletku, tu počiva pesničko balansiranje,

learning when to repeat

u učenju kada ponavljati

and when to riff,

a kada menjati ponavljanja,

when to satisfy expectations,

kada zadovoljiti očekivanja,

and when to thwart them,

a kada ih izneveriti,

and in that balance, it may be enough to remember

a u toj ravnoteži možda bi bilo dovoljno setiti se

we all live in a world of wild variation

da svi mi živimo u svetu ludih varijacija

and carry with us our own breath and beat,

i da nosimo u sebi sopstveni dah i otkucaj,

our own repetition wherever we go.

naše sopstveno ponavljanje, kuda god da pođemo.