How do ventilators work? - Alex Gendler

2,624,194 views ใƒป 2020-05-21

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Irene Nayoung Ye ๊ฒ€ํ† : YoonJu Mangione
00:06
In the 16th century, Flemish physician Andreas Vesalius
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16์„ธ๊ธฐ ๊ฒฝ, ํ”Œ๋žŒ์Šค์ธ ์˜์‚ฌ ์•ˆ๋“œ๋ ˆ์•„์Šค ๋ฒ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ์šฐ์Šค๋Š”
00:10
described how a suffocating animal could be kept alive
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ํ˜ธํก์ด ๊ณค๋ž€ํ•œ ๋™๋ฌผ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
by inserting a tube into its trachea and blowing air to inflate its lungs.
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๊ธฐ๋„์— ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํ’€๋„๋ก ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:21
In 1555, this procedure didnโ€™t warrant much acclaim.
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1555๋…„์— ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ฒ˜์น˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๊ทธ๋‹ค์ง€ ํ˜ธํ‰์„ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
But today, Vesaliusโ€™s treatise is recognized
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ๊ทธ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€
00:28
as the first description of mechanical ventilationโ€”
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์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋กœ์„œ ์ธ์ •๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:32
a crucial practice in modern medicine.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜ํ•™์—์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฃŒ์  ์ฒ˜์น˜์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
00:36
To appreciate the value of ventilation,
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์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ์•Œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„ 
00:39
we need to understand how the respiratory system works.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ดํ•ด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
We breathe by contracting our diaphragms, which expands our chest cavities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํšก๊ฒฝ๋ง‰์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๊ณผ ํ‰๊ณฝ์˜ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ํ˜ธํกํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
This allows air to be drawn in, inflating the alveoliโ€”
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด์„œ ํํฌ๋Š” ๋ถ€ํ’€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:54
millions of small sacs inside our lungs.
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ํํฌ๋Š” ํ ์†์˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:58
Each of these tiny balloons is surrounded by a mesh of blood-filled capillaries.
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๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ํ’์„ ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€์œผ๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
This blood absorbs oxygen from the inflated alveoli
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๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์† ํ˜ˆ์•ก์€ ํŒฝ์ฐฝ๋œ ํํฌ์—์„œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํก์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:09
and leaves behind carbon dioxide.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
When the diaphragm is relaxed,
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ํšก๊ฒฝ๋ง‰์ด ์ˆ˜์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:14
the CO2 is exhaled alongside a mix of oxygen and other gases.
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์ด์‚ฐํ™”ํƒ„์†Œ๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ€์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋‚ด์‰ฌ์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:20
When our respiratory systems are working correctly,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ๋•Œ
01:23
this process happens automatically.
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋ฌด์˜์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
But the respiratory system can be interrupted by a variety of conditions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
Sleep apnea stops diaphragm muscles from contracting.
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์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฌดํ˜ธํก์ฆ์€ ํšก๊ฒฝ๋ง‰ ๊ทผ์œก์˜ ์ˆ˜์ถ•์„ ๋ง‰์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
Asthma can lead to inflamed airways which obstruct oxygen.
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์ฒœ์‹์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” ๊ธฐ๋„์— ์—ผ์ฆ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ์œ ์ž…์„ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
And pneumonia, often triggered by bacterial or viral infections,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์˜ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ๋ ด์€
01:45
attacks the alveoli themselves.
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ํํฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฒฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:48
Invading pathogens kill lung cells,
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๋ณ‘์›๊ท ์˜ ์นจ์ž…์œผ๋กœ ํ ์„ธํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃฝ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜
01:51
triggering an immune response that can cause lethal inflammation
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์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์—ผ์ฆ๊ณผ ํ๋ถ€์ข…์„ ์œ ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
and fluid buildup.
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01:58
All these situations render the lungs unable to function normally.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ๋Š” ์ •์ƒ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:03
But mechanical ventilators take over the process,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋•Œ
02:07
getting oxygen into the body when the respiratory system cannot.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋ชธ ์†์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์–ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:11
These machines can bypass constricted airways,
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์ข์•„์ง„ ๊ธฐ๋„๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
02:15
and deliver highly oxygenated air to help damaged lungs diffuse more oxygen.
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์†์ƒ๋œ ํ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:22
There are two main ways ventilators can workโ€”
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์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ž‘๋™ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
02:25
pumping air into the patientโ€™s lungs through positive pressure ventilation,
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์–‘์••ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•๊ณผ
02:30
or allowing air to be passively drawn in through negative pressure ventilation.
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๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ž…์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์Œ์••ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
In the late 19th century,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜
02:37
ventilation techniques largely focused on negative pressure,
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์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ž์—ฐ ํ˜ธํก๋ฒ•์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด
02:41
which closely approximates natural breathing
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์Œ์••ํ™˜๊ธฐ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ 
02:44
and provides an even distribution of air in the lungs.
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์–‘์ชฝ ํ์— ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
To achieve this, doctors created a tight seal around the patientโ€™s body,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์“ธ ๋•Œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ชธ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ€ํ์‹œ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
either by enclosing them in a wooden box or a specially sealed room.
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ƒ์ž๋‚˜ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ€ํ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
03:00
Air was then pumped out of the chamber,
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๊ทธ ๊ณต๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๊ณ 
03:03
decreasing air pressure, and allowing the patientโ€™s chest cavity
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๊ณต๊ธฐ ์••์„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ‰๊ฐ•์ด
03:07
to expand more easily.
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์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํŒฝ์ฐฝํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
In 1928, doctors developed a portable, metal device
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1928๋…„, ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ 
03:14
with pumps powered by an electric motor.
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์ „๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฒ ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:18
This machine, known as the iron lung,
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์ฒ ์˜ ํ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋Š”
03:21
became a fixture in hospitals through the mid-20th century.
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20์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
However, even the most compact negative pressure designs
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์Œ์••ํ™˜๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
03:30
heavily restricted a patientโ€™s movement
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ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:32
and obstructed access for caregivers.
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์˜๋ฃŒ์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ์–ด๋ ค์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
This led hospitals in the 1960โ€™s to shift towards positive pressure ventilation.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ณ‘์›์—์„œ๋Š” ์–‘์••ํ˜ธํก ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์“ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
For milder cases, this can be done non-invasively.
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๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์ฆ์ƒ์—๋Š” ๋น„์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:46
Often, a facemask is fitted over the mouth and nose,
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์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž…๊ณผ ์ฝ”์— ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์”Œ์›Œ์„œ
03:49
and filled with pressurized air which moves into the patientโ€™s airway.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ธฐ๋„๋กœ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
But more severe circumstances
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ข€ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
03:56
require a device that takes over the entire breathing process.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ธํก์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ€์‹ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
A tube is inserted into the patientโ€™s trachea
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๊ธฐ๋„๋กœ ํŠœ๋ธŒ๋ฅผ ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:05
to pump air directly into the lungs,
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ํ์— ์ง์ ‘ ๊ณต๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์ž…ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
with a series of valves and branching pipes
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๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐธ๋ธŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐˆ๋ž˜๋กœ ๋‚˜๋‰˜์–ด์ง€๋Š” ํŒŒ์ดํ”„๋“ค์€
04:11
forming a circuit for inhalation and exhalation.
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๋“ค์ˆจ๊ณผ ๋‚ ์ˆจ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ˆœํ™˜์‹ ํšŒ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:15
In most modern ventilators,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ์—๋Š”
04:16
an embedded computer system
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์–ด์„œ
04:18
allows for monitoring the patientโ€™s breathing and adjusting the airflow.
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ํ™˜์ž์˜ ํ˜ธํก์„ ๋ชจ๋‹ˆํ„ฐ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ธฐ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
These machines arenโ€™t used as a standard treatment,
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์ด ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ‘œ์ค€ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋กœ์„œ ์ด์šฉ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค
04:27
but rather, as a last resort.
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์ตœํ›„์˜ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Enduring this influx of pressurized air requires heavy sedation,
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๊ณ ์••์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ฃผ์ž…์„ ๊ฒฌ๋”œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ ค๋ฉด ๊ณ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์ง„์ •์ œ๋ฅผ ์จ์•ผํ•˜๊ณ 
04:35
and repeated ventilation can cause long-term lung damage.
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์žฅ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ˜ธํก์„ ํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํ์†์ƒ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
But in extreme situations,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ
04:41
ventilators can be the difference between life and death.
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์‚ฐ์†Œ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๋Š” ์‚ถ๊ณผ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
And events like the COVID-19 pandemic
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์  ์œ ํ–‰๋ณ‘์ด ๋Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:48
have shown that theyโ€™re even more essential than we thought.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Because current models are bulky, expensive,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผ๊ฐ€ ํฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋น„์Œ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
and require extensive training to operate, most hospitals only have a few in supply.
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์ž‘๋™๋ฒ•์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ณต๋ถ€๋„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ณ‘์›์— ๋น„์ถ•๋œ ์–‘์€ ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
This may be enough under normal circumstances,
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ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:04
but during emergencies, this limited cache is stretched thin.
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์‘๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ์—๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
The world urgently needs more low-cost and portable ventilators,
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋” ์ €๋ ดํ•˜๊ณ  ํœด๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์‚ฐ์†Œํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํžˆ ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
as well as a faster means of producing and distributing
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜
05:18
this life-saving technology.
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์ƒ์‚ฐ๊ณผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋„ ๋” ๋นจ๋ผ์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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