Licking bees and pulping trees: The reign of a wasp queen - Kenny Coogan

3,121,217 views

2020-01-28 ・ TED-Ed


New videos

Licking bees and pulping trees: The reign of a wasp queen - Kenny Coogan

3,121,217 views ・ 2020-01-28

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jina LEE κ²€ν† : Kim Inhye
00:06
As the April sun rises on a pile of firewood,
0
6627
3930
4μ›”μ˜ νƒœμ–‘μ΄ μž₯μž‘λ”λ―Έ μœ„λ‘œ λ– μ˜€λ₯΄μž,
00:10
something royal stirs inside.
1
10557
2868
μ–΄λ–€ 왕쑱이 κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œ 움직이기 μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:13
This wasp queen is one of thousands who mated in late autumn
2
13425
4320
이 μ—¬μ™• λ§λ²Œμ€ λŠ¦κ°€μ„μ— 짝짓기λ₯Ό 마치고
00:17
and hibernated through the winter.
3
17745
2230
겨울 λ™μ•ˆ μž λ“€μ–΄ 있던 수천마리 쀑 ν•œλ§ˆλ¦¬ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
Now she emerges into the spring air to begin her reign.
4
19975
4550
이제 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ΄„ 곡기 속에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜ ν†΅μΉ˜λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Most of her sisters weren’t so lucky.
5
24525
2310
κ·Έλ…€μ˜ μžλ§€λ“€μ€ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 운이 쒋지 μ•Šμ•˜κ΅°μš”.
00:26
While hibernating in compost piles and underground burrows,
6
26835
4090
퇴비 더미와 μ§€ν•˜ κ΅΄μ—μ„œ λ™λ©΄ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ
00:30
many sleeping queens were eaten by spiders.
7
30925
4033
λ§Žμ€ μž μžλŠ” μ—¬μ™•λ²Œλ“€μ΄ κ±°λ―Έλ“€μ—κ²Œ μž‘μ•„λ¨Ήν˜”μ–΄μš”.
00:34
Warm winters caused by climate change led other queens to emerge early,
8
34958
4646
κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 따듯해진 κ²¨μšΈμ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—¬μ™•λ²Œλ“€λ„ 일찍 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜κ²Œ ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
00:39
only to find there was no available food.
9
39604
3260
먹을 것이 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 사싀을 κΉ¨λ‹«κ²Œ ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
And some queens that survived the winter fell victim to the threats of spring,
10
42864
4565
κ²¨μšΈμ„ μ§€λ‚˜ 살아남은 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ—¬μ™•λ²Œλ“€μ€ μœ‘μ‹μ„± 식물, μƒˆλ“€κ³Ό μ‚΄μΆ©μ œμ™€ 같은
00:47
such as carnivorous plants, birds, and manmade pesticides.
11
47429
4953
λ΄„μ˜ μœ„ν˜‘μ— ν¬μƒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Our queen is the lone survivor of her old hive, and now,
12
52382
3710
우리의 μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 였래된 λ²Œμ§‘μ—μ„œ μœ μΌν•œ μƒμ‘΄μžμ΄λ©°,
00:56
she must become the foundress of a new one.
13
56092
3233
이제 μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ²Œμ§‘μ˜ μ°½μ‹œμžκ°€ λ˜μ–΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
But first, breakfast.
14
59325
1918
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš°μ„ , μ•„μΉ¨λΆ€ν„° λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Όκ² μ£ .
01:01
The queen heads for a citrus grove full of honeybee hives.
15
61243
4030
여왕은 κΏ€λ²Œ λ²Œμ§‘μ΄ κ°€λ“ν•œ κ°κ·€λ‚˜λ¬΄ 숲으둜 ν–₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
The bees can be dangerous if provoked,
16
65273
2287
λ²Œλ“€μ€ λ„λ°œν•˜λ©΄ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
01:07
but right now they’re paralyzed by the morning cold.
17
67560
3143
μ§€κΈˆ λ‹Ήμž₯은 μ•„μΉ¨ μΆ”μœ„ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ§ˆλΉ„λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” μƒνƒœμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Their hairy bodies are dripping with sugar water from an earlier feeding,
18
70703
4320
λ²Œλ“€μ˜ ν„Έλ³΅μˆ­μ΄ λͺΈμ—μ„œλŠ” 일찍이 먹은 섀탕물이 뚝뚝 떨어지고,
01:15
and the resourceful queen licks them for a morning snack.
19
75023
4272
μ§€λž΅κ°€μΈ μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ μ•„μΉ¨ κ°„μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ²Œλ“€μ˜ λͺΈμ— 뭍은 섀탕물을 ν–μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
Newly energized, our queen searches for a safe nesting area.
20
79295
4013
μƒˆλ‘­κ²Œ ν™œλ ₯을 얻은 우리의 여왕은 μ•ˆμ „ν•œ 보금자리λ₯Ό μ°ΎμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
This tree hollow, safe from rain, wind, and predators, is ideal.
21
83308
5420
λΉ„, λ°”λžŒ, ν¬μ‹μžλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ³  속이 빈 이 λ‚˜λ¬΄κ°€ 맀우 μ΄μƒμ μ΄λ„€μš”.
01:28
She chews the surrounding wood and plant fibers
22
88728
3060
μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ μ£Όμœ„μ˜ λ‚˜λ¬΄μ™€ μ‹λ¬Όμ„¬μœ λ₯Ό μ”Ήμ–΄μ„œ
01:31
to make a paper-like pulp.
23
91788
2040
쒅이 같은 과윑으둜 λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:33
Then she builds around 50 brood cells that comprise the beginning of her nest.
24
93828
5967
κ·Έλ¦¬κ³ λ‚˜μ„œ μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ λ‘₯μ§€μ˜ κΈ°μ΄ˆκ°€ λ˜λŠ” μ•½ 50개의 λ²Œμ§‘μΉΈμ„ μ§“μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Using sperm stored from last fall,
25
99795
2650
μ§€λ‚œ 가을 μ €μž₯ν•΄ λ‘μ—ˆλ˜ μ •μžλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
01:42
the queen lays a fertilized egg into each cell,
26
102445
3533
μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ 많으면 20λΆ„ μ•ˆμ— 12개의 μˆ˜μ •λž€μ„ μƒμ‚°ν•˜μ—¬
01:45
producing as many as 12 in 20 minutes.
27
105978
3150
각각의 λ²Œμ§‘μΉΈμ— λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
Within a week, these will hatch into female larva.
28
109128
3380
이 μˆ˜μ •λž€λ“€μ€ 일주일 μ•ˆμ— μ•”μ»· 유좩으둜 λΆ€ν™”ν•  κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:52
But until then, the queen must hunt down smaller insects to feed her brood,
29
112508
5391
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ•ŒκΉŒμ§€, μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ μƒˆλΌλ“€μ„ 먹이기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ μž‘μ€ 곀좩듀을 사λƒ₯ν•˜κ³ ,
01:57
all while expanding the hive, laying eggs, and defending against intruders.
30
117899
5700
λ²Œμ§‘μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•˜κ³ , μ•Œμ„ λ‚³κ³ , μΉ¨μž…μžλ“€μ„ λ°©μ–΄ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Fortunately, our queen is well prepared.
31
123599
2920
운이 μ’‹κ²Œλ„, 우리의 여왕은 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 잘 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Unlike bees, wasps can sting as many times as they need to.
32
126519
5168
벌과 달리, λ§λ²Œμ€ μ›ν•˜λŠ” 만큼 많이 λ²ŒμΉ¨μ„ 쏠 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
With such a busy schedule, the queen barely has time to feed herself.
33
131687
4340
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ°”μœ 일정 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ 겨우 λ°₯ 먹을 μ‹œκ°„λ°–μ— μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
Luckily, she doesn’t have to.
34
136027
2033
λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„, 그럴 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€λŠ”λ°μš”.
02:18
When she feeds an insect to her grubs,
35
138060
2420
μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ΄ μœ μΆ©λ“€μ—κ²Œ 곀좩을 먹일 λ•Œ,
02:20
they digest the bug into a sugary substance that sustains their mother.
36
140480
5702
μœ μΆ©λ“€μ€ 벌레λ₯Ό μ†Œν™”μ‹œμΌœ μ—„λ§ˆλ₯Ό μœ μ§€ μ‹œμΌœμ£ΌλŠ” λ‹ΉλΆ„λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ§Œλ“€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:26
By the end of July, these first larva have matured into adult workers,
37
146182
5437
7μ›” λ§κΉŒμ§€, 이 첫번째 μœ μΆ©μ€ 성인 λ…Έλ™μžλ‘œ μ„±μˆ™ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄
02:31
ready to take on foraging, building, and defense.
38
151619
3880
먹이λ₯Ό 사λƒ₯ν•˜κ³ , λ²Œμ§‘μ„ 짓고, μΉ¨μž…μžλ₯Ό λ°©μ–΄ν•  μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
The queen can now lay eggs full-time,
39
155499
2897
μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ 일벌의 λ…Ένšλ¬Όκ³Ό μˆ˜μ •λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ μ•Œλ“€μ„ μ œκ³΅λ°›μœΌλ©°
02:38
sustaining herself on her worker’s spoils and their unfertilized eggs.
40
158396
5118
이제 μ˜¨μ’…μΌ μ•Œμ„ 낳을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
Although each worker only lives for roughly 3 weeks,
41
163514
3360
비둝 μΌλ²Œμ€ λŒ€λž΅ 3μ£Ό λ™μ•ˆ μ‚΄μ§€λ§Œ,
02:46
the queen’s continuous egg-laying swells their ranks.
42
166874
3826
μ—¬μ™•μ˜ 지속적인 μ‚°λž€μ€ λ²Œλ“€μ˜ 수λ₯Ό μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
In just one summer, the nest reaches the size of a basketball,
43
170700
4231
단 ν•œλ²ˆμ˜ μ—¬λ¦„λ§Œμ— 수천마리의 μΌλ²Œμ„ κΈ°λ₯΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:54
supporting thousands of workers.
44
174931
2337
λ‘₯μ§€λŠ” 농ꡬ곡 λ§Œν•œ 크기에 λ„λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Such a large population needs to eat,
45
177268
2625
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 인ꡬ가 λ¨Ήμ–΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
02:59
and the nearby garden provides a veritable buffet.
46
179893
3358
근방의 정원이 μ§„μ •ν•œ λ·”νŽ˜λ₯Ό μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ£ .
03:03
As the swarm descends, alarmed humans try to swat them.
47
183251
4000
λ²Œλ–Όκ°€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€λ©΄ λ†€λž€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ²Œλ–Όλ₯Ό λ•Œλ¦¬λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
They even fight back with pesticides that purposefully poison wasps,
48
187251
4532
μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ‚΄μΆ©μ œλ₯Ό μ¨μ„œ λ§λ²Œμ— μΌλΆ€λŸ¬ 독을 κ°€ν•˜λ©° λ§žμ„œ μ‹Έμš°κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
03:11
and inadvertently impact a wide-range of local wildlife.
49
191783
4821
κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ μ§€μ—­μ˜ 야생동물듀에 λΆ€μ£Όμ˜ν•˜κ²Œ 영ν–₯을 λΌμΉ˜κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:16
But the wasps are actually vital to this ecosystem.
50
196604
3450
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§λ²Œλ“€μ€ 사싀상 μƒνƒœκ³„μ— ν•„μˆ˜μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Sitting at the top of the local invertebrate food chain,
51
200054
3597
이 지역 무척좔동물 먹이 μ‚¬μŠ¬μ˜ 맨 μœ„μ— μžˆλŠ” 이 λ§λ²Œλ“€μ€
03:23
these insects keep spiders, mites, and centipedes, in check.
52
203651
4761
κ±°λ―Έ, μ§„λ“œκΈ°μ™€ 지넀λ₯Ό κ²¬μ œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
Wasps consume crop-eating insects,
53
208412
2610
λ§λ²Œλ“€μ€ μž‘λ¬Όμ„ λ¨ΉλŠ” 곀좩듀을 λ¨Ήμ–΄μΉ˜μš°λ©°
03:31
making them particularly helpful for farms and gardens.
54
211022
3683
특히 농μž₯κ³Ό 정원에 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:34
They even pollinate fruits and vegetables,
55
214705
2360
그듀은 심지어 과일과 μ±„μ†Œλ₯Ό μˆ˜λΆ„μ‹œν‚€κ³ ,
03:37
and help winemakers by biting into their grapes
56
217065
3180
포도λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ–΄ 발효λ₯Ό μ‹œμž‘μ‹œν‚΄μœΌλ‘œμ¨
03:40
and jump-starting fermentation.
57
220245
2640
와인 μ œμ‘°μ—…μžλ“€μ„ λ•μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
This feast continues until autumn, when the foundress changes course.
58
222885
4681
이 μž”μΉ˜λŠ” μ°½μ‹œμžμΈ μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ΄ ν•­λ‘œλ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈλŠ” κ°€μ„κΉŒμ§€ κ³„μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
She begins grooming some eggs into a new generation of queens,
59
227566
4360
μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ λ‹€μŒ μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ 여왕이 될 λͺ‡λͺ‡ μ•Œλ“€μ„ μ–‘μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜κ³ ,
03:51
while also laying unfertilized eggs
60
231926
2301
λ™μ‹œμ— λ²ˆμ‹μš© 수컷으둜 μ„±μž₯ν• 
03:54
that will mature into reproductive males called drones.
61
234227
4558
λ“œλ‘ μ΄λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λ¬΄μ •λž€λ„ λ‚³μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
This new crop of queens and males requires more food.
62
238785
3857
μ—¬μ™•κ³Ό μˆ˜μ»·λ“€μ˜ 이 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ λ¬΄λ¦¬λŠ” 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‹λŸ‰μ„ ν•„μš”λ‘œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
But with summer over, the usual sources run dry,
63
242642
3403
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 여름이 λλ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ, 일상적인 곡급원은 고갈되고,
04:06
and the foraging wasps start taking more aggressive risks.
64
246045
4815
먹이λ₯Ό μ°ΎλŠ” λ§λ²Œλ“€μ€ 더 μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 곡격을 κ°μˆ˜ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
By September, the hive’s organization deteriorates.
65
250860
3770
9월이 되면 λ²Œμ§‘μ˜ 쑰직은 μ•½ν™”λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Hungry workers no longer clean the nest and various scavengers move in.
66
254630
5394
κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦° μΌλ²Œλ“€μ€ λ‘₯지λ₯Ό 내버렀두고 죽은 동물을 λ¨ΉλŠ” μ‘°λ₯˜λ“€μ΄ μΉ¨μž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:20
Just when it seems the hive can no longer sustain itself,
67
260024
3460
λ²Œμ§‘μ΄ 더이상 버틸 수 없을 것 같을 λ•Œ,
04:23
the fertile queens and their drones depart in a massive swarm.
68
263484
5177
생식λ ₯이 μžˆλŠ” μ—¬μ™•λ“€κ³Ό λ“œλ‘ λ“€μ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ–Όλ₯Ό 지어 λ– λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
As the days grow colder, the workers starve,
69
268661
2950
날이 μΆ”μ›Œμ§ˆ 수둝 μΌλ²Œλ“€μ€ ꡢ주리고,
04:31
and our queen reaches the end of her lifespan.
70
271611
2889
우리의 μ—¬μ™•λ²Œμ€ 수λͺ…을 λ‹€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:34
But above, a swarm of reproductive wasps has successfully mated.
71
274500
5221
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μœ„μ—μ„œλŠ”, λ²ˆμ‹λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” λ§λ²Œλ–Όκ°€ 짝짓기에 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
The males die off shortly after,
72
279721
2390
μˆ˜μ»·λ“€μ€ κ·Έ 직후에 μ£½μ§€λ§Œ,
04:42
but the newly fertilized queens are ready to find shelter for their long sleep.
73
282111
4692
μƒˆλ‘œ μˆ˜μ •ν•œ 여왕듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 였랜 μž μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ€μ‹ μ²˜λ₯Ό 찾을 μ€€λΉ„κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
And this woodpile looks like the perfect place to spend the winter.
74
286803
4460
이 μž₯μž‘λ”λ―ΈλŠ” κ²¨μšΈμ„ 보내기에 μ™„λ²½ν•œ μž₯μ†Œμ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λŠ”κ΅°μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7