What staying up all night does to your brain - Anna Rothschild

2,640,381 views ・ 2024-11-21

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jake Lee κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
You’re just one Roman Empire history final away
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이제 둜마 제ꡭ 역사 μ‹œν—˜λ§Œ 끝내면
00:11
from a relaxing spring break.
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λ΄„ 방학이 μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ„ 기닀리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:15
But you still have so much to study!
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그런데 아직 곡뢀할 게 μ‚°λ”λ―Έμ²˜λŸΌ λ‚¨μ•˜λ„€μš”!
00:17
So you decide to follow in the footsteps of many students before you
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 이전에 λ§Žμ€ 학생듀이 κ·Έλž˜μ™”λ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ,
00:21
and pull an all-nighter.
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λ°€μƒ˜ 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ κ²°μ‹¬ν•˜μ£ .
[μ‹œν—˜ 16μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
00:27
When you stay up all night,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 밀을 μƒˆμš°λ©΄
00:29
you're fighting against your body's natural circadian rhythms.
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우리 λͺΈμ˜ μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 생체 λ¦¬λ“¬μ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
These are the cyclical changes that virtually all living things experience
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생체 리듬은 주기적인 λ³€ν™”λ‘œμ„œ
사싀상 λͺ¨λ“  생λͺ…체가 24μ‹œκ°„μ„ 주기둜 κ²½ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
over the course of a 24-hour periodβ€” such as sleeping and wakingβ€”
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 수면과 각성이 있으며,
00:43
and they’re heavily influenced by light.
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λΉ›μ˜ 영ν–₯을 많이 λ°›μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:46
But for the moment, you're alert and powering through
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ κΉ¨μ–΄ 있고
μ€„λ¦¬μš°μŠ€ μ‹œμ €μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜ λ‚΄μš©μ„ μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ μ™Έμš°κ³  μžˆλ„€μš”.
00:50
the rule of Julius Caesar.
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[μ‹œν—˜ 14μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
00:53
As the sun sets, your eyes send signals about the dwindling light
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ν•΄κ°€ 지면, λˆˆμ€ 빛이 μ€„μ–΄λ“œλŠ” 것을 감지해
00:58
to a part of your brain called suprachiasmatic nucleus.
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μ‹œμ‹ κ²½κ΅μ°¨μƒν•΅μ΄λΌλŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ ν•œ λΆ€μœ„μ— μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό λ³΄λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
This is basically your circadian rhythm’s clock.
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이곳은 기본적으둜 생체 λ¦¬λ“¬μ˜ μ‹œκ³„ 역할을 ν•˜λŠ” 곳이죠.
01:07
It alerts your pineal gland to start producing melatonin.
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이 μ‹œκ³„λŠ” 솑과선에 μ‹ ν˜Έλ₯Ό 보내 λ©œλΌν† λ‹Œμ„ μƒμ„±ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
That’s the hormone that helps prepare your body for sleep,
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λ©œλΌν† λ‹Œμ€ λͺΈμ΄ μž λ“€ μ€€λΉ„λ₯Ό ν•˜λ„λ‘ λ•λŠ” 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μœΌλ‘œ,
01:14
and levels start to rise about two hours before your normal bedtime.
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보톡 잠자기 μ•½ 두 μ‹œκ°„ 전에 μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μƒμŠΉν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
At the same time, neurons in the hypothalamus and brain stem
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이와 λ™μ‹œμ— μ‹œμƒν•˜λΆ€μ™€ λ‡Œκ°„μ˜ μ‹ κ²½ μ„Έν¬λŠ”
01:24
release a compound called GABA.
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κ°€λ°”λΌλŠ” 화합물을 λ°©μΆœν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
This slows down activity in your brain and can have a calming effect.
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이 화합물은 λ‡Œμ˜ ν™œλ™μ„ λŠ¦μΆ”κ³  진정 효과λ₯Ό 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ 11μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
01:34
You’re approaching your normal bedtime.
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이제 ν‰μƒμ‹œ μ·¨μΉ¨ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ λ‹€κ°€μ˜€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
Since the brain needs to cool down before sleep,
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λ‡ŒλŠ” μž μ„ 자렀면 μ˜¨λ„κ°€ λ‚΄λ €κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
01:39
your core body temperature starts to drop.
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심뢀 체온이 μ„œμ„œνžˆ λ‚΄λ €κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ 9μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
01:44
Huh, that map kind of looks like a face.
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지도가 마치 μ–Όκ΅΄μ²˜λŸΌ λ³΄μ΄λ„€μš”.
01:48
Uh-oh, your attention has started to drift.
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μ–΄λ¨Έ, 이제 집쀑λ ₯이 흐렀지기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
Throughout the day, your brain has been releasing a waste product
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ν•˜λ£¨ 쒅일 λ‡ŒλŠ” μ•„λ°λ…Έμ‹ μ΄λΌλŠ” 노폐물을 κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μƒμ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
called adenosine.
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01:57
The more adenosine latching onto receptors in your brain,
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λ‡Œμ˜ μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ— κ²°ν•©ν•œ 아데노신이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚ μˆ˜λ‘
02:00
the more tired and inattentive you become.
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더 ν”Όκ³€ν•˜κ³  집쀑λ ₯이 λ–¨μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Time for a cup of coffee.
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컀피λ₯Ό ν•œ μž” λ§ˆμ‹€ μ‹œκ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
Caffeine blocks adenosine from binding to receptors,
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μΉ΄νŽ˜μΈμ€ 아데노신이 μˆ˜μš©μ²΄μ— κ²°ν•©ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ°¨λ‹¨ν•˜μ—¬,
02:09
which can give you a boost of energy.
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μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ₯Ό 뢁돋아 쀄 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
However, it might also make you jittery and increase your anxiety.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 신경이 λ‚ μΉ΄λ‘œμ›Œμ§€κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆμ•ˆκ°μ΄ 증가할 μˆ˜λ„ 있죠.
μ‹œν—˜ 7μ‹œκ°„ μ „
02:18
You’re acing these flashcards!
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μ•”κΈ° μΉ΄λ“œλ₯Ό 잘 맞히고 μžˆλ„€μš”!
02:20
Right now these dates and names are being stored
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μ§€κΈˆ, 이 λ‚ μ§œμ™€ 이름듀이 μ €μž₯되고 μžˆλŠ” 곳은
02:22
in an area of the brain called the hippocampus.
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λ‡Œμ—μ„œ ν•΄λ§ˆλΌκ³  ν•˜λŠ” λΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
Normally when you go to sleep, memories like these are consolidated
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보톡, μž μ„ 자면 이런 기얡듀이 μ •λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄
02:31
and slotted into long-term storage in your brain’s neocortex.
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λ‡Œμ˜ μ‹ ν”Όμ§ˆμ— μž₯κΈ° κΈ°μ–΅μœΌλ‘œ μ €μž₯λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
So it’s a good thing you only need to remember this information
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이건 λ‚΄μΌκΉŒμ§€λ§Œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜λ©΄ λ˜λŠ” μ •λ³΄λΌμ„œ λ‹€ν–‰μ΄λ„€μš”.
02:39
through tomorrow.
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[μ‹œν—˜ 4μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
02:44
Microsleeps are unpredictable periods of sleep that last for only a few seconds
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λ―Έμ„Έ μˆ˜λ©΄μ€ λͺ‡ 초 λ™μ•ˆμ”© μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•  수 없이 λΉ μ§€λŠ” 수면으둜
02:49
and are triggered by sleep deprivation.
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수면 λΆ€μ‘± λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
You stretch in an attempt to stay awake.
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μž μ„ 깨우렀 κΈ°μ§€κ°œλ₯Ό μΌ­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:55
But at this point your motor skills have also taken a hit.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, 이 μ‹œμ μ—μ„œλŠ” μš΄λ™ λŠ₯λ ₯도 μ €ν•˜λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Studies have found that people who have been awake for 19 hours
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연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, 19μ‹œκ°„ λ™μ•ˆ κΉ¨μ–΄ 있던 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:02
have similar coordination and reaction times as those who have been drinking.
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μˆ μ„ λ§ˆμ‹  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ λ°˜μ‘ 속도와 μ‘°μ • λŠ₯λ ₯을 보인닀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ 2μ‹œκ°„ μ „]
03:09
As the sun rises, your pineal gland stops releasing melatonin.
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ν•΄κ°€ 뜨면, 솑과선은 더 이상 λ©œλΌν† λ‹Œμ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
You feel a β€œsecond wind” come on.
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λ‹€μ‹œ 힘이 μ†Ÿμ•„λ‚˜λŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
And despite everything, you leave for school in a really good mood.
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그리고 밀을 μƒˆμ› μŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  정말 κΈ°λΆ„ 쒋은 μƒνƒœλ‘œ 학ꡐ에 κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Sleep deprivation can briefly induce euphoria.
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수면 뢀쑱은 잠깐 λ™μ•ˆ 행볡감을 μœ λ°œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
It's caused a temporary boost in dopamine levels,
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μ΄λŠ” λ„νŒŒλ―Ό μˆ˜μΉ˜κ°€ μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ μ¦κ°€ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬ΈμΈλ°,
03:28
which can unfortunately also lead to poor choices.
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„ 잘λͺ»λœ μ„ νƒμœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ μ‹œμž‘]
03:34
The final starts off well.
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μ‹œν—˜μ€ 순쑰둭게 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
It’s all multiple choice!
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λͺ¨λ‘ κ³ λ₯΄λŠ” λ¬Έμ œλ„€μš”!
03:37
But then you get to the essay portion.
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그런데 이제 μ„œμˆ ν˜•μœΌλ‘œ λ„˜μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
It’s thought that during sleep,
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수면 쀑에 우리 λ‡ŒλŠ” 아이디어λ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜κ³ ,
03:43
our brains process ideas and draw connections between new memories
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μƒˆ κΈ°μ–΅κ³Ό 였래된 κΈ°μ–΅ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연결을 ν˜•μ„±ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
and old ones.
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03:48
So your sleepless brain might be able to regurgitate facts,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 수면 λΆ€μ‘± μƒνƒœμ—μ„œλŠ” 정보λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦΄ μˆ˜λŠ” μžˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:53
but you're finding it more difficult to find patterns or problem solve.
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정보듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 연관성을 νŒŒμ•…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ λ¬Έμ œν•΄κ²° λŠ₯λ ₯은 λ–¨μ–΄μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
You stare at the blank page, defeated.
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빈 νŽ˜μ΄μ§€λ₯Ό λ©ν•˜λ‹ˆ 바라보며, μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„λ“€μ€ 무λ ₯감을 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ 6μ‹œκ°„ ν›„]
λΆˆμ•ˆν•˜κ³  짜증이 λ‚œ μ±„λ‘œ 방으둜 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
You head up to your room, anxious and irritable.
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04:06
Your amygdala, the part of the brain involved with processing emotion,
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감정을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” λ‡Œμ˜ νŽΈλ„μ²΄κ°€ μ§€λ‚˜μΉ˜κ²Œ ν™œμ„±ν™”λ˜μ–΄
04:10
is going haywire.
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감정 쑰절이 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:12
Your prefrontal cortex usually keeps your amygdala in check,
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보톡 전두엽이 νŽΈλ„μ²΄λ₯Ό μ œμ–΄ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
04:15
but it still isn't firing on all cylinders.
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아직 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μž‘λ™ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
Your bed has never felt so sweet.
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μΉ¨λŒ€κ°€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ‹¬μ½€ν•˜κ²Œ λŠκ»΄μ§„ 적은 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
[μ‹œν—˜ 24μ‹œκ°„ ν›„]
04:23
After one sleepless night, your body and brain bounce back pretty quickly.
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ν•˜λ£»λ°€μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄ λͺΈκ³Ό λ‡ŒλŠ” κ½€ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ νšŒλ³΅λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:28
Which is a good thing since we can’t always control how much sleep we get.
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μˆ˜λ©΄μ„ 항상 μ‘°μ ˆν•  μˆ˜λŠ” 없기에 빨리 νšŒλ³΅ν•˜λŠ” 건 쒋은 μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:32
But going for long periods without a good night's sleep
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μž μ„ ν‘Ή μžμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:35
or constantly changing your bedtime, can take its toll.
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수면 μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 건 λ‚˜μœ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Regularly getting less than seven hours of sleep each night
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7μ‹œκ°„ μ΄ν•˜λ‘œ μžλŠ” 날이 μž¦λ‹€λ©΄
04:43
is linked to all sorts of health issues,
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당뇨병, λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘, λ§Œμ„± 톡증 같은 μ—¬λŸ¬ 건강 문제λ₯Ό μ΄ˆλž˜ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:45
from diabetes to stroke to chronic pain.
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04:49
It also leaves you more vulnerable to developing mental health issues
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λ˜ν•œ 우울증 같은 μ •μ‹  건강 λ¬Έμ œμ— 걸릴 μœ„ν—˜μ΄ 더 μ»€μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:52
like depression.
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04:54
Your sleep schedule can even affect your grades.
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수면 νŒ¨ν„΄μ€ 성적에도 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:57
Studies have shown that college students who keep regular sleep hours have,
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연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, μΌμ •ν•œ 수면 μ‹œκ°„μ„ μ§€ν‚€λŠ” λŒ€ν•™μƒλ“€μ΄
05:01
on average, a higher GPA than students who don't.
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그렇지 μ•Šμ€ 학생듀보닀 ν‰κ· μ μœΌλ‘œ 더 높은 학점을 λ°›λŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
So the next time you’re thinking of pulling an all-nighter,
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그렇기에 λ‹€μŒμ— 밀을 μƒˆμ›Œ κ³΅λΆ€ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
05:09
remember that Rome wasn’t built in a day,
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λ‘œλ§ˆλŠ” ν•˜λ£¨μ•„μΉ¨μ— μ„Έμ›Œμ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
05:12
or for that matter, one night.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” ν•˜λ£»λ°€μ΄λ„€μš”.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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