The dangerous race for the South Pole - Elizabeth Leane

378,790 views ・ 2018-12-10

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: GCGH amara κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
Roald Amundsen had spent nearly two years preparing his Arctic expedition.
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λ‘œμ•Œ 아문센은 2λ…„ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ 뢁극 νƒν—˜μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
He had secured funding from the Norwegian Crown and hand-picked a trusted crew.
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κ·ΈλŠ” λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄ μ™•μ‹€μ˜ μžκΈˆμ„ λ°›μ•˜κ³  λ―Ώμ„λ§Œν•œ 선원을 μ—„μ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:16
He’d even received the blessing of the famed explorer Fridtjof Nansen,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 유λͺ…ν•œ νƒν—˜κ°€μΈ ν”„λ¦¬λ“œμ‡Όν”„ λ‚œμ„Όμ˜ μΆ•λ³΅λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:20
along with the use of his ship, Fram, specially constructed to withstand the ice.
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λΉ™ν•˜λ₯Ό κ²¬λŽŒλ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§„ ν”„λžŒν˜Έμ˜ μ‚¬μš©μ„ ν—ˆλ½λ°›κΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Now, with the voyage departing, he had one final announcement to his shipmates:
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ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό μΆœλ°œν•  λ•Œ κ·Έμ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ„ μ›λ“€μ—κ²Œ ν•  λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 말만 λ‚¨μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
They were going to head in the opposite direction.
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그듀이 λ°˜λŒ€ λ°©ν–₯으둜 ν–₯ν•  κ±°λž€ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:35
By the early 20th century,
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20μ„ΈκΈ° μ΄ˆμ—
00:36
nearly every region of the globe had been visited and mapped,
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μ§€κ΅¬μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 지역듀이 이미 발견되고 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ–΄μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
with only two key locations remaining:
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두 개의 μ£Όμš” μ§€μ—­λ§Œ λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ—ˆμ§€μš”.
00:43
the North Pole, deep in the frozen waters of the Arctic region,
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뢁극의 λΉ™ν•˜ ν•œκ°€μš΄λ° μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 뢁극점과
00:46
and the South Pole, nestled within a recently discovered icy continent
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졜근 발견된 κ΄‘ν™œν•œ 남극해에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ μ–ΌμŒ λŒ€λ₯™μ— 자리 μž‘μ€ λ‚¨κ·Ήμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
in the vast Antarctic Ocean.
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00:53
A veteran of several expeditions,
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λ² ν…Œλž‘ νƒν—˜κ°€μΈ
00:56
Amundsen had long dreamed of reaching the North Pole.
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아문센은 뢁극점에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κ² λ‹€λŠ” 였래된 꿈이 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
But in 1909, amidst his preparations,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 1909년에 κ·ΈλŠ” 뢁극 νƒν—˜μ„ μ€€λΉ„ν•˜λ˜ 쀑
01:02
news came that the American explorers Frederick Cook and Robert Peary
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미ꡭ의 νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μΈ ν”„λ ˆλ°λ¦­ μΏ‘κ³Ό λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ 피어리가
01:07
had staked rival claims to the achievement.
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이 업적을 λ¨Όμ € λ‹¬μ„±ν•œ 것을 두고 λ‹€νˆ¬κ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ†Œμ‹μ„ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
Instead of abandoning the planned voyage,
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κ³„νšλœ ν•­ν•΄λ₯Ό ν¬κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€μ‹ μ—
01:13
Amundsen decided to alter its course to what he called β€œthe last great problem.”
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아문센은 ν•­ν•΄ 경둜λ₯Ό λ°”κΎΈμ–΄
κ·Έκ°€ "λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ λ§‰μ€‘ν•œ 과제"라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λ˜ 곳을 ν–₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
But Amundsen’s crew weren’t the only ones kept in the dark.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 남극을 λ…Έλ¦¬λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ•„λ¬Έμ„Όμ˜ μ„ μ›λ“€λΏλ§Œμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
British naval officer Robert F. Scott had already visited the Antarctic,
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영ꡭ인 ν•΄κ΅° μž₯ꡐ인 λ‘œλ²„νŠΈ μŠ€μ½§μ€ 이미 λ‚¨κ·ΉλŒ€λ₯™μ„ λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆκ³ 
01:27
and was leading his own South Pole expedition.
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남극점을 ν–₯ν•œ νƒν—˜λŒ€λ₯Ό 이끌고 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
Now, as Scott’s ship Terra Nova reached Melbourne in 1910,
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1910λ…„, 슀콧의 λ°° ν…ŒλΌ λ…Έλ°”κ°€ λ©œλ²„λ₯Έμ— λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:36
he was greeted with the news that Amundsen was also heading south.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 아문센도 남μͺ½μœΌλ‘œ ν–₯ν•  κ²ƒμ΄λΌλŠ” μ†Œμ‹μ„ λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
Reluctantly, Scott found himself pitted against the Norwegian
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μŠ€μ½§μ€ 이 λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄μΈμ΄ μžμ‹ μ˜ κ²½μŸμžλΌλŠ” λΆˆνŽΈν•œ 사싀을 μ•Œκ²Œ λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
01:44
in what the newspapers called a β€˜race to the Pole.’
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신문에선 그것을 '남극점을 ν–₯ν•œ κ²½μ£Ό'라고 λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
Yet if it was a race, it was a strange one.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ²½μ£ΌλΌκΈ°μ—λŠ” μ΄μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:51
The expeditions left at different times from different locations,
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이 두 νƒν—˜λŒ€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹œκ°„μ— λ‹€λ₯Έ κ³³μ—μ„œ μΆœλ°œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
and they had very different plans for the journey.
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그듀은 μ—¬ν–‰ κ³„νšλ§ˆμ € 맀우 λ‹¬λžμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
Amundsen was focused solely on reaching the Pole.
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아문센은 μ˜€λ‘œμ§€ λ„μ°©μ—λ§Œ μ§‘μ€‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Informed by his Arctic exploration,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 뢁극 νƒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ 배운 λŒ€λ‘œ
02:05
he drew on both Inuit and Norwegian experience,
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μ΄λˆ„μ΄νŠΈμ™€ λ…Έλ₯΄μ›¨μ΄μΈμ˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ μ΄μš©ν•΄μ„œ
02:08
arriving with a small team of men and more than a hundred dogs.
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λ°± 마리 μ΄μƒμ˜ κ°œμ™€ μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨ νŒ€μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
His explorers were clothed in sealskin and furs,
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그의 νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μ€ 물개 κ°€μ£½κ³Ό ν„Έλ‘œ 된 μ˜·μ„ μž…μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
as well as specially designed skis and boots.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ œμž‘λœ μŠ€ν‚€μ™€ 뢀츠도 μ°©μš©ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
02:18
But Scott's venture was more complicated.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 슀콧의 λͺ¨ν—˜μ€ 훨씬 λ³΅μž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:21
Launching an extensive scientific research expedition,
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ κ³Όν•™ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μœ„ν•œ νƒν—˜μ„ μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©°
02:24
he traveled with over three times more men than Amundsen,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 아문센보닀 3λ°° 이상 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒμ„ 데리고 λ– λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
alongside over 30 dogs, 19 Siberian ponies,
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30 λ§ˆλ¦¬κ°€ λ„˜λŠ” κ°œλ“€κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ 19 마리의 μ‹œλ² λ¦¬μ•„ μ‘°λž‘λ§κ³Ό
02:32
and three state-of-the-art motorized sledges.
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μ„Έ λŒ€μ˜ μ΅œμ²¨λ‹¨ 전동식 썰맀도 μ€€λΉ„ν–ˆμ§€μš”.
02:36
But these additional tools and bodies
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 좔가적인 μž₯비와 인원은
02:37
weighed down the ship as it battled the storms of the southern ocean.
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λ‚¨κ·Ήν•΄μ˜ 폭풍 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œλŠ” 짐이 되고 λ§μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
And as they finally began to lay supplies,
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그리고 λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 이 μž₯비듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ €ν•˜λ‹ˆ
02:44
they found both their ponies and motor-sledges ineffective
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그듀은 μ‘°λž‘λ§κ³Ό 전동식 썰맀가 νš¨μœ¨μ μ΄μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ‹¨ κ±Έ μ•Œμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
in the harsh ice and snow.
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거친 μ–ΌμŒκ³Ό 눈 속에선 말이죠.
02:50
In the spring of 1911, after waiting out the long polar night,
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1911λ…„ λ΄„, κ·Ήμ•Όκ°€ λλ‚œ ν›„
02:55
both parties began the journey south.
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두 νŒ€μ€ 남극을 ν–₯ν•œ 여정을 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:57
Scott’s team traveled over the Beardmore Glacier,
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슀콧의 νŒ€μ€ λΉ„μ–΄λ“œλͺ¨μ–΄ λΉ™ν•˜λ₯Ό λ„˜μ–΄ μ—¬ν–‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
following the path of Ernest Shackleton's earlier attempt to reach the pole.
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μ–΄λ‹ˆμŠ€νŠΈ μ…°ν΄ν„΄μ˜ νƒν—˜λŒ€κ°€ κ°œμ²™ν•œ 경둜λ₯Ό λ”°λΌκ°”μ§€μš”.
03:04
But although this course had been documented, it proved slow and laborious.
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이 μ½”μŠ€λŠ” μ§€λ„λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ‘Œμ§€λ§Œ 느리고 νž˜λ“€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Meanwhile, despite an initial false start,
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ν•œνŽΈ, 초기의 μΆœλ°œμ— λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŒμ—λ„ λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ 
03:12
Amundsen’s five-man team made good time using a previously uncharted route
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아문센이 μ΄λ„λŠ” 5λͺ…μ˜ νƒν—˜λŒ€λŠ”
남극을 κ°€λ‘œμ§€λ₯΄λŠ” 같은 μ‚°λ§₯μ—μ„œ μƒˆ 경둜λ₯Ό κ°œμ²™ν•΄ 속도λ₯Ό λ†’μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
through the same Transantarctic Mountains.
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03:20
They stayed ahead of Scott’s team,
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그듀은 슀콧의 νŒ€μ„ μ•žμ„°κ³ 
03:21
and on December 14, arrived first at their desolate destination.
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12μ›” 14일엔 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ κ³ μ ν•œ λͺ©μ μ§€μ— λ¨Όμ € λ„μ°©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
To avoid the ambiguity that surrounded Cook and Peary’s North Pole claims,
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μΏ‘κ³Ό 피어리 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 뢁극점 선점에 λŒ€ν•œ λ…ΌμŸκ³Ό 같은 일을 ν”Όν•˜κ³ μž
03:30
Amundsen’s team traversed the area in a grid
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μ•„λ¬Έμ„Ό νŒ€μ€ κ·Έ 지역을 기쀀선망을 따라 νš‘λ‹¨ν•˜μ—¬
03:33
to make sure they covered the Pole’s location.
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그듀이 남극 지역에 λ„λ‹¬ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 λͺ…ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Along with flags and a tent marker,
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그듀은 κΉƒλ°œκ³Ό ν…νŠΈ ν‘œμ‹œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜
03:38
they left a letter for Scott, which would not be found until over a month later.
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ν•œ 달이 λ„˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό μŠ€μ½§μ—κ²Œ 발견될 νŽΈμ§€λ₯Ό 남겼죠.
03:44
But when Scott’s party finally reached the pole,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ§ˆμΉ¨λ‚΄ 슀콧의 νŒ€μ΄ 남극점에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
03:46
losing the β€˜race’ was the least of their problems.
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κ·Έ κ²½μ£Όμ—μ„œ μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 것은 μ•„μ£Ό μž‘μ€ λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
On the way back towards the camp, two of the five men succumbed to frostbite
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μΊ ν”„μ—μ„œ λŒμ•„μ˜€λŠ” 길에 5λͺ… 쀑 2λͺ…κΌ΄λ‘œ
03:53
starvation, and exhaustion.
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동상과 κ΅Άμ£Όλ¦Ό, νƒˆμ§„μ— κ΅΄λ³΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
The remaining explorers hoped for a prearranged rendezvous
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남은 νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μ€ κΈ°μ§€μ—μ„œ 파견된 νŒ€κ³Όμ˜ μ˜ˆμ •λœ 접선을 κΈ°λŒ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
with a team sent from their base,
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04:01
but due to a series of mishaps, misjudgements and miscommunications,
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—°μ†λœ μž‘μ€ 사고와 였판, μ˜μ‚¬ λΆˆν†΅ λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:05
their rescue never arrived.
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κ΅¬μ‘°λŒ€λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ λ„μ°©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Their remains, along with Scott’s diary, would not be found until spring.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μœ ν•΄λŠ” 슀콧의 일기와 ν•¨κ»˜ 봄이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œμ•Ό λ°œκ²¬λ˜μ—ˆμ§€μš”.
04:12
Today, scientists from various countries
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€
04:15
live and work at Antarctic research stations.
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λ‚¨κ·Ήμ˜ 연ꡬ κΈ°μ§€μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μΌν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
But the journeys of these early explorers are not forgotten.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ„ λŒ€μ˜ νƒν—˜κ°€λ“€μ˜ 여정은 μžŠνžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
Despite their divergent fates, they are forever joined in history,
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 운λͺ…에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³  κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 이름은 역사 μ†μ—μ„œ
04:25
and in the name of the research base that marks the South Pole.
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그리고 남극관츑 κΈ°μ§€μ˜ μ΄λ¦„μœΌλ‘œ ν•¨κ»˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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