What is the universe expanding into? - Sajan Saini

1,809,799 views ・ 2018-09-06

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Kevin Park κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:06
The universe began its cosmic life in a big bang
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” λΉ…λ±…μœΌλ‘œ 인해 νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
nearly fourteen billion years ago,
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μ•½ 140μ–΅ λ…„ μ „μ˜ 이 사건 μ΄ν›„λ‘œ
00:12
and has been expanding ever since.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 계속 νŒ½μ°½ν•΄μ™”μ£ .
00:15
But what is it expanding into?
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그런데 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ–΄λ””λ‘œ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:18
That's a complicated question.
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이것은 κ½€ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Here's why:
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κ·Έ 이유λ₯Ό λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
일반 μƒλŒ€μ„± 이둠의 μ•„μΈμŠˆνƒ€μΈ 방정식에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
00:23
Einstein's equations of general relativity
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00:25
describe space and time as a kind of inter-connected
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곡간과 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μƒν˜Έ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄
00:29
fabric for the universe.
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우주λ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
This means that what we know of as space and time
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이것은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‹œκ³΅κ°„μ΄
κ·Έμ € 우주의 μΌλΆ€λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•  뿐 κ·Έ λ²”μœ„λ₯Ό λ„˜μ„ 수 μ—†μŒμ„ μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
exist only as part of the universe and not beyond it.
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00:38
Now, when everyday objects expand, they move out
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μΌμƒμ˜ 물체듀이 νŒ½μ°½ν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
보닀 넓은 곡간을 μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λ©° μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:42
into more space.
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00:43
But if there is no such thing as space to expand into,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νŒ½μ°½ν•  곡간이 μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
00:47
what does expanding even mean?
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νŒ½μ°½μ€ 무엇을 μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:50
In 1929 Edwin Hubble's astronomy observations
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1929λ…„ μ—λ“œμœˆ ν—ˆλΈ”μ€ 천체 관츑을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
00:54
gave us a definitive answer.
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그에 λŒ€ν•œ ν™•μ‹€ν•œ 닡을 μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
His survey of the night sky found all faraway galaxies
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λ°€ν•˜λŠ˜μ„ κ΄€μΈ‘ν•˜λ˜ κ·ΈλŠ”
λ¨Ό 곳의 μ€ν•˜κ³„λ“€μ΄ μ§€κ΅¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„° λ©€μ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ λ°œκ²¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
recede, or move away, from the Earth.
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01:03
Moreover, the further the galaxy, the faster it recedes.
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κ²Œλ‹€κ°€ 멀리 μžˆλŠ” μ€ν•˜μΌμˆ˜λ‘ 더 빨리 λ©€μ–΄μ§€κ³  μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜μ£ .
01:08
How can we interpret this?
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이것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:10
Consider a loaf of raisin bread rising in the oven.
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였븐 μ•ˆμ—μ„œ λΆ€ν’€μ–΄ 였λ₯΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 건포도 λΉ΅ ν•œ 덩어리λ₯Ό 생각해 λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:14
The batter rises by the same amount in between each
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λ°˜μ£½μ€ λͺ¨λ“  건포도듀 μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ λ™μΌν•œ μ–‘μœΌλ‘œ λΆ€ν’€μ–΄ μ˜€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:18
and every raisin.
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01:19
If we think of raisins as a stand-in for galaxies,
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λ§Œμ•½ 건포도λ₯Ό μ€ν•˜λ‘œ μƒκ°ν•˜κ³ 
01:22
and batter as the space between them,
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λ°˜μ£½μ„ κ·Έ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 곡간이라 ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
01:25
we can imagine that the stretching or expansion
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μ€ν•˜κ°„ 곡간이 퍼지고 νŒ½μ°½ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
01:28
of intergalactic space will make the galaxies recede from each other,
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μ€ν•˜λ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ λ©€μ–΄μ§„λ‹€κ³  생각할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
and for any galaxy, its faraway neighbors will recede a larger
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그리고 μ–΄λ–€ μ€ν•˜μ—μ„œ 보더라도
κ·Έ κ°€κΉŒμ΄ μžˆλŠ” μ€ν•˜λ³΄λ‹€ 멀리 μžˆλŠ” μ€ν•˜μΌμˆ˜λ‘
01:37
distance than the nearby ones
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같은 μ‹œκ°„μ— 더 많이 λ©€μ–΄μ§„λ‹€κ³  상상할 수 있죠.
01:39
in the same amount of time.
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01:41
Sure enough, the equations of general relativity predict a cosmic
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λ¬Όλ‘ , 일반 μƒλŒ€μ„± 방정식은
μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œ 쀑λ ₯κ³Ό 팽창 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ 쀄닀리기가 μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€κ³  μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
tug-of-war between gravity and expansion.
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01:49
It's only in the dark void between galaxies where expansion wins out,
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μ€ν•˜ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ–΄λ‘μš΄ 빈 곡간은
팽창이 쀄닀리기λ₯Ό μ΄κΈ°λ©΄μ„œ 곡간이 λŠ˜μ–΄λ‚¬κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
and space stretches.
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01:55
So there's our answer.
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닡이 λ‚˜μ™”λ„€μš”.
01:58
The universe is expanding unto itself.
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μš°μ£ΌλŠ” κ·Έ μžμ²΄κ°€ νŒ½μ°½ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
That said, cosmologists are pushing the limits of mathematical models
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즉, μš°μ£Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μˆ˜ν•™μ  λͺ¨λΈμ„ κ·Έ ν•œκ³„κΉŒμ§€ λŒμ–΄μ˜¬λ¦ΌμœΌλ‘œμ¨
02:06
to speculate on what, if anything, exists beyond our spacetime.
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우리의 μ‹œκ³΅κ°„ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ— 무엇이 μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
These aren't wild guesses, but hypotheses that tackle
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이것듀은 무λͺ¨ν•œ 좔츑이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
λΉ…λ±…μ΄λΌλŠ” 과학적 이둠이 κ°–λŠ” 였λ₯˜λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 가섀이죠.
02:15
kinks in the scientific theory of the Big Bang.
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02:18
The Big Bang predicts matter to be distributed evenly across the universe,
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λΉ…λ±… 이둠은 ν¬λ°•ν•œ κ°€μŠ€ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 물질이 μš°μ£Όμ— κ³ λ₯΄κ²Œ λΆ„ν¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:23
as a sparse gas --but then, how did galaxies and stars come to be?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ€ν•˜μ™€ 별듀은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
02:28
The inflationary model describes a brief era
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κΈ‰νŒ½μ°½ λͺ¨λΈμ€
μš°μ£Όκ°€ λ‹¨μ‹œκ°„μ— κΈ‰μ†λ„λ‘œ νŒ½μ°½ν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
of incredibly rapid expansion
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02:34
that relates quantum fluctuations in the energy of the early universe,
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κ·Έλ•Œ 초기 μš°μ£Όκ°€ κ°€μ§„ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ˜ μ–‘μž μš”λ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해
02:38
to the formation of clumps of gas that eventually led to galaxies.
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기체 덩어리가 ν˜•μ„±λ˜κ³  κ²°κ΅­ μ€ν•˜κ³„ ν˜•μ„±μ— κ΄€μ—¬ν–ˆμ£ .
02:42
If we accept this paradigm, it may also imply our universe represents
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ λ³€ν™˜ 과정을 μΈμ •ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
μ΄λŠ” λ˜ν•œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ†ν•œ μš°μ£Όκ°€
02:47
one region in a greater cosmic reality that undergoes endless, eternal inflation.
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끝없이 νŒ½μ°½ν•˜λŠ” 큰 우주의 μΌλΆ€μž„μ„ μ˜λ―Έν•˜λŠ” 걸지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
We know nothing of this speculative inflating reality,
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이런 좔츑에 κΈ°λ°˜ν•œ 팽창 상황에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 아무것도 μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:57
save for the mathematical prediction that its endless expansion
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단지 μˆ˜ν•™μ  λͺ¨λΈμ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ
λΆˆμ•ˆμ •ν•œ μ–‘μž μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 인해 λ¬΄ν•œν•œ 팽창이 μΌμ–΄λ‚œλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:01
may be driven by an unstable quantum energy state.
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03:04
In many local regions, however, the energy may settle by random
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬λŸ¬ ꡭ지적 μ˜μ—­μ—μ„œ
λ¬΄μž‘μœ„λ‘œ μ—λ„ˆμ§€ μƒνƒœκ°€ μ•ˆμ •λ˜μ–΄ 팽창이 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³  κ±°ν’ˆ μš°μ£Όκ°€ ν˜•μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
chance into a stable state, stopping inflation and forming bubble universes.
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03:15
Each bubble universe β€”ours being one of them
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κ·Έ 각각의 κ±°ν’ˆ μš°μ£Όμ—λŠ” 우리 μš°μ£Όλ„ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있고
03:18
β€”would be described by its own Big Bang and laws of physics.
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μ €λ§ˆλ‹€μ˜ λΉ…λ±…κ³Ό 물리 λ²•μΉ™μœΌλ‘œ μ„€λͺ…될 수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Our universe would be part of a greater multiverse,
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우리 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 더 κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ˜ 일뢀일 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
03:25
in which the fantastic rate of eternal inflation makes it impossible
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κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ†λ„λ‘œ λ¬΄ν•œν•œ 팽창이 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
λ‹€λ₯Έ 우주λ₯Ό λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” 것은 거의 λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
for us to encounter a neighbor universe.
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03:31
The Big Bang also predicts that in the early, hot universe, our fundamental forces
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λΉ…λ±… 이둠은 λ˜ν•œ 초기의 뜨거운 μš°μ£Όμ—μ„œλŠ”
기본적인 물리λ ₯듀이 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ΄ˆμ›”μ  힘으둜 ν†΅ν•©λœλ‹€κ³  μΆ”μΈ‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:37
may unify into one super-force.
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03:40
Mathematical string theories suggest descriptions of this unification,
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μˆ˜ν•™μ  끈 이둠은 이런 톡합에 λŒ€ν•œ μ„€λͺ…κ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜
03:44
in addition to a fundamental structure for sub-atomic quarks and electrons.
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μ•„μ›μž 쿼크와 μ „μžμ˜ κΈ°λ³Έ ꡬ쑰λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
In these proposed models, vibrating strings are the building blocks of the universe.
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이런 λͺ¨λΈμ—μ„œλŠ” μ§„λ™ν•˜λŠ” 끈이 우주의 ꡬ성 μš”μ†Œκ°€ 되죠.
03:54
Competing models for strings have now been consolidated into a unified description,
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이런 λˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ΄ μ΄μ œλŠ” ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ„€λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
03:59
and suggest these structures may interact with massive, higher dimensional surfaces called branes.
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이런 ꡬ쑰듀이 '막'μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°λŒ€ν•œ κ³ μ°¨μ›μ˜ λ©΄κ³Ό
μƒν˜Έμž‘μš©ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:06
Our universe may be contained within one such brane,
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우리의 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” 이런 '막' 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ„ 수 있고
04:09
floating in an unknown higher dimensional place, playfully named β€œthe bulk,” or hyperspace.
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'벌크 곡간' λ˜λŠ” μ΄ˆκ³΅κ°„μ΄λΌλŠ” λ―Έμ§€μ˜ 고차원 곡간을 λ– λ‹€λ‹ˆλŠ” 걸지도 λͺ¨λ₯΄μ£ .
04:16
Other branesβ€”containing other types of universesβ€”may co-exist in hyperspace,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μš°μ£Όκ°€ ν¬ν•¨λœ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 막듀이 μ΄ˆκ³΅κ°„μ—μ„œ 곡쑴할 μˆ˜λ„ 있고
04:22
and neighboring branes may even share certain fundamental forces like gravity.
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μ΄μ›ƒν•œ 막듀은 쀑λ ₯κ³Ό 같은 기본적인 νž˜μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:27
Both eternal inflation and branes describe a multiverse,
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영ꡬ적 팽창과 막은 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όλ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:31
but while universes in eternal inflation are isolated, brane universes could bump into each other.
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끝없이 팽창 쀑인 μš°μ£ΌλŠ” μ„œλ‘œ κ³ λ¦½λ˜μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” λ°˜λ©΄μ—
막 μš°μ£Όλ“€μ€ μ„œλ‘œ λΆ€λ”ͺμΉ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
An echo of such a collision may appear in the cosmic microwave background
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 좩돌의 흔적은 우주 λ°°κ²½ 볡사에 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 있죠.
04:42
β€”a soup of radiation throughout our universe, that’s a relic from an early Big Bang era.
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μ΄λŠ” 우주 전체에 걸친 파μž₯μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λΉ…λ±… 초기의 μž”μž¬λΌκ³  ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
So far, though, we’ve found no such cosmic echo.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ§€κΈˆκΉŒμ§€ κ·Έ 흔적을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
Some suspect these differing multiverse hypotheses may eventually coalesce into a common description,
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이 λ‹€μ€‘μš°μ£Όμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 가섀이 κ²°κ΅­ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ κ³΅ν†΅λœ μ„€λͺ…μœΌλ‘œ ν†΅ν•©λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:57
or be replaced by something else.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ κ°€μ„€λ‘œ λŒ€μ²΄λ  거라고 μ˜ˆμƒν•˜λŠ” 이도 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
As it stands now, they’re speculative explorations of mathematical models.
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ν˜„μž¬λ‘œμ„œλŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μ  λͺ¨λΈμ„ 톡해 μΆ”λ‘ ν•˜λ©° 탐ꡬ할 뿐이죠.
05:04
While these models are inspired and guided by many scientific experiments,
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κ·Έ μˆ˜ν•™ λͺ¨λΈλ“€μ€ μ—¬λŸ¬ κ³Όν•™ μ‹€ν—˜μ—μ„œ μ˜κ°μ„ λ°›κ³  λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€μ§€λ§Œ
05:09
there are very few objective experiments to directly test them, yet.
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아직 이λ₯Ό μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ ν™•μΈν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ 객관적인 μ‹€ν—˜ 방법은 거의 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:13
Until the next Edwin Hubble comes along,
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또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—λ“œμœˆ ν—ˆλΈ”μ΄ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€
05:15
scientists will likely be left to argue about the elegance of their competing models…
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λͺ¨λΈμ„ κ°€μ§€κ³  λ…ΌμŸμ„ 벌이게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:20
and continue to dream about what, if anything, lies beyond our universe.
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우리 우주 λ„ˆλ¨Έμ— 무엇이 μžˆλŠ”μ§€ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μƒμƒν•˜λ©° 말이죠.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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