The scientific origins of the Minotaur - Matt Kaplan

4,563,287 views ・ 2015-07-20

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: KwangYu Lee κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:08
Far beneath the palace of the treacherous King Minos,
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λ°˜μ—­μž λ―Έλ…ΈμŠ€ μ™•μ˜ ꢁ전 ν•œμ°Έ 밑에 μžˆλŠ”
00:11
in the damp darkness of an inescapable labryinth,
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λΉ μ Έλ‚˜μ˜¬ 수 μ—†λŠ” 미둜 속 κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•œ μ–΄λ‘  μ†μ—λŠ”
00:15
a horrific beast stalks the endless corridors of its prison,
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ν•œ λ¬΄μ‹œλ¬΄μ‹œν•œ 괴물이 κ·Έ 감μ˜₯의 λμ—†λŠ” 볡도λ₯Ό 성큼 성큼 κ±Έμ–΄κ°€μ£ .
00:19
enraged with a bloodlust so intense that its deafening roar shakes the Earth.
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피에 κ΅Άμ£Όλ € ν™”κ°€ λ‚˜ κ·€κ°€ 멀도둝 μšΈλΆ€μ§–μœΌλ©΄ 땅이 μ§„λ™ν–ˆμ£ .
00:25
It is easy to see why the Minotaur myth has a long history
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μ™œ λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€ μ‹ ν™”κ°€ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ™„μ „νžˆ 꾸며진 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ
00:28
of being disregarded as pure fiction.
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λ¬΄μ‹œλ˜μ—ˆλŠ” μ§€λŠ” μ‰½κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 있죠.
00:31
However, there's a good chance that the Minotaur
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 우리 νƒœκ³ μ  쑰상듀이 μžμ—°μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:33
and other monsters and gods were created by our early ancestors
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이해할 수 μ—†λŠ” λ”μ°ν•œ 일을 ν•©λ¦¬ν™”ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
00:37
to rationalize the terrifying things that they saw in the natural world
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λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€μ™€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΄΄λ¬Ό, 신을
00:41
but did not understand.
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μ°½μ‘°ν–ˆμ„ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:44
And while we can't explain every aspect of their stories,
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그듀이 λ§Œλ“  이야기λ₯Ό μ‘°λͺ©μ‘°λͺ© λ‹€ μ„€λͺ…ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μ§€λ§Œ
00:47
there may be some actual science that reveals itself
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μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜λ©΄
00:50
when we dissect them for clues.
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μ–΄λ–€ μ§„μ§œ 과학이 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
00:52
So, as far as we know, there have never been human-bull hybrids.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•„λŠ” ν•œ 반인반우 μž‘μ’…μ€ κ²°μ½” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ–΄μš”.
00:58
But the earliest material written about the Minotaur
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 졜초의 μžλ£ŒλŠ”
01:01
doesn't even mention its physical form.
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신체적 ν˜•νƒœμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 일절 μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
01:03
So that's probably not the key part of the story.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 그건 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ˜ 핡심 μš”μ†Œκ°€ 아닐 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
01:07
What the different tellings do agree upon, however,
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μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°μ—μ„œ κ³΅ν†΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 건
01:10
is that the beast lives underground,
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λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ μ§€ν•˜μ— μ‚΄κ³ 
01:12
and when it bellows, it causes tremendous problems.
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그리고 큰 μ†Œλ¦¬λ‘œ μšΈλΆ€μ§–μœΌλ©΄ μ—„μ²­λ‚œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μƒκΈ΄λ‹€λŠ” κ±°μ£ .
01:18
The various myths are also specific in stating that genius inventor Daedalus,
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λ˜ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 μ‹ ν™”κ°€ λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜κ²Œ ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 섬 λ•… 속에
01:22
carved out the labyrinth beneath the island of Crete.
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미ꢁ을 λ§Œλ“  천재 발λͺ…κ°€ λ‹€μ΄λ‹¬λ‘œμŠ€λ₯Ό μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•΄μš”.
01:26
Archeological attempts to find the fabled maze
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μ‹ ν™” 속 미ꢁ을 μ°ΎμœΌλ €λŠ” κ³ κ³ ν•™μžλ“€μ˜ λ…Έλ ₯은
01:28
have come up empty handed.
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아무 μ„±κ³Όκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
But Crete itself has yielded the most valuable clue of all
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ μ„¬μ—μ„œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ§„μ—μ„œ
01:34
in the form of seismic activity.
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μ§„μ§œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μ‹€λ§ˆλ¦¬λ₯Ό 찾을 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:36
Crete sits on a piece of continental crust called the Aegean Block,
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 섬은 μ—κ²Œ ν•΄ ꡬ역이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” λŒ€λ₯™ 암석측 μœ„μ— 놓여 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
01:41
and has a bit of oceanic crust known as the Nubian Block
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λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ λ°‘μ—λŠ” λˆ„λΉ„μ•ˆ κ΅¬μ—­μ΄λΌλŠ” ν•΄μ–‘ 암석측이
01:45
sliding right beneath it.
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μ•½κ°„ 흘러 듀어와 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
01:47
This sort of geologic feature, called a subduction zone,
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세계 κ³³κ³³μ—μ„œ ν”ν•˜κ²Œ λ³Ό 수 μžˆλŠ”
01:50
is common all over the world and results in lots of earthquakes.
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μΉ¨μž…λŒ€λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 이런 μ§€ν˜•μ—λŠ” 지진이 자주 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜μš”.
01:55
However, in Crete the situation is particularly volatile
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ μ„¬μ˜ κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” 상황이 νŠΉλ³„νžˆ μ‹¬κ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
as the Nubian Block is attached
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄, λˆ„λΉ„μ•ˆ ꡬ역이 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λΌλŠ” 바닀에 λ–  μžˆλŠ”
02:01
to the massive buoyant continental crust that is Africa.
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κ±°λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ₯™ 쑰각에 λΆ™μ–΄μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
02:06
When the Nubian Block moves,
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λˆ„λΉ„μ•ˆ ꡬ역은 움직일 λ•Œ
02:08
it does not go down nearly as easily or as steeply
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μΉ¨μž…λŒ€μ˜ λ°”λ‹€ 속에 μžˆλŠ” λ•…μ‘°κ°μ²˜λŸΌ
02:11
as oceanic crust does in most other subduction zones.
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κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜λ©΄μ„œλ„ κ°€νŒŒλ₯΄κ²Œ μ•„λž˜λ‘œ λ‚΄λ €κ°€μ§ˆ μ•Šμ•„μš”.
02:15
Instead, it violently and abruptly forces sections of the Mediterranean upwards
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λŒ€μ‹  지쀑해 바닷속 땅을 κ°•λ ¬ν•˜κ³  재빠λ₯΄κ²Œ μœ„λ‘œ λ°€μ–΄λ²„λ €μš”.
02:22
in an event called uplift,
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μœ΅κΈ°λΌλŠ” ν˜„μƒμΈλ°,
02:24
and Crete is in uplift central.
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 섬은 이 ν˜„μƒμ˜ 쀑심뢀에 있죠.
02:28
In the year 2014, Crete had more than 1300 earthquakes
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2014년에 ν¬λ ˆν…Œ μ„¬μ—λŠ” 강도 2.0 μ΄μƒμ˜ 지진이
02:32
of magnitude 2.0 or higher.
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1,300회 이상 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ–΄μš”.
02:35
By comparison, in the same period of time,
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같은 μ‹œκΈ°μ— 이 보닀 훨씬 더 규λͺ¨κ°€ 큰
02:38
Southern California, a much larger area, experienced a mere 255 earthquakes.
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μΊ˜λ¦¬ν¬λ‹ˆμ•„ 남뢀 μ§€λ°©μ—λŠ” 255회의 지진이 λ°œμƒν–ˆμ–΄μš”.
02:45
Of course, we don't have detailed seismic records from the days of King Minos,
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λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ λ―Έλ…Έμ•„ 왕이 μ‚΄λ˜ λ•Œ 지진에 λŒ€ν•œ μžμ„Έν•œ μ •λ³΄λŠ” μ—†μ£ .
02:50
but we do know from fossil records and geologic evidence
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κ·Έλ ‡μ§€λ§Œ, 화석과 지측에 남아 μžˆλŠ” μ¦κ±°λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
02:53
that Crete has experienced serious uplift events
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ μ„¬μ—λŠ” μƒνƒœκ°€ μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 육기 ν˜„μƒμ΄ 많이 λ°œμƒν–ˆκ³ 
02:55
that sometimes exceeded 30 feet in a single moment.
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λ•Œμ— λ”°λΌμ„œλŠ” ν•œ λ²ˆμ— μ•½ 90 μ„Όν‹°λ―Έν„°κΉŒμ§€ μΉ˜μ†ŸκΈ°λ„ ν–ˆμ£ .
03:00
Contrast this for a moment with the island of Hawaii,
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λŒ€μ‘°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ 잠깐 화와이 섬을 보면,
03:03
where earthquakes and volcanic activity
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그곳의 지진과 ν™”μ‚°ν™œλ™μ€
03:05
were tightly woven to legends surrounding Pele,
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ν™”μ‚° 여신인 νŽ λ ˆμ— λŒ€ν•œ μ „μ„€κ³Ό
03:08
a goddess both fiery and fair.
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λ°€μ ‘ν•˜κ²Œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:12
Like the Minotaur, her myths included tales of destruction,
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λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€μ²˜λŸΌ 이 μ—¬μ‹  신화에도 νŒŒκ΄΄μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이야기가 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:15
but they also contained elements of dance and creation.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, κ·Έμ†μ—λŠ” μΆ€κ³Ό μ°½μ‘°λΌλŠ” μš”μ†Œλ„ ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ–΄ 있죠.
03:19
So why did Hawaii end up with Pele and Crete end up with the Minotaur?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ™œ ν•˜μ™€μ΄λŠ” 펠레둜 ν¬λ ˆν…ŒλŠ” λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€λ‘œ 끝을 λ§Ίμ„κΉŒμš”?
03:24
The difference likely comes down
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ν•˜μ™€μ΄ μ„¬μ—μ„œ μ΅œμ•…μ˜ 지진이 λ°œμƒλ©΄
03:26
to the lava that followed many of Hawaii's worst earthquakes.
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μš©μ•”μ΄ λ’€λ”°λ₯΄λŠ”데 이게 λ‹€λ₯Έ 점일 κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
03:30
The lava on Hawaii is made of basalt, which once cooled, is highly fertile.
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ν˜„λ¬΄μ•”μœΌλ‘œ 된 ν•˜μ™€μ΄μ˜ μš©μ•”μ€ μ‹μœΌλ©΄ 토양을 κΈ°λ¦„μ§€κ²Œ ν•˜μ£ .
03:36
Within a couple of decades of terrible eruptions,
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λ”μ°ν•œ 폭발이 λ°œμƒν•œ 지 μˆ˜μ‹­ λ…„ μ•ˆμ—
03:39
Islanders would have seen vibrant green life thriving
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μ„¬μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μš©μ•”μ΄ λ§Œλ“  μƒˆ λ°˜λ„ μœ„μ—
03:42
on new peninsulas made of lava.
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힘차게 μžλΌλ‚˜λŠ” ν‘Έλ₯Έ μƒ‰μ˜ 생λͺ…을 λ³Ό 수 μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
03:44
So it makes sense that the mythology captured this
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μžμ—°ν˜„μƒμ„ μ•Œμ•˜κΈ°μ— μ‹ ν™”λŠ”
03:47
by portraying Pele as creator as well as a destroyer.
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펠레λ₯Ό 파괴자이자 창쑰라둜 그리고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
03:51
As for the people of Crete,
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ν¬λ ˆνƒ€ 섬 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:53
their earthquakes brought only destruction and barren lands,
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지진은 νŒŒκ΄΄μ™€ 헐벗은 λ•…λ§Œ 건넀쀬죠.
03:56
so perhaps for them the unnatural and deadly Minotaur was born.
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μ•„λ§ˆ 이런 μ΄μœ μ—μ„œ μ΄μƒν•˜κ³  λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ λ―Έλ…Ένƒ€μš°λ‘œμŠ€κ°€ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬κ² μ£ .
04:02
The connections between mythical stories
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신화와 μ‹ ν™”κ°€ λ°œμƒν•œ 곳에 λŒ€ν•œ
04:04
and the geology of the regions where they originated
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μ§€μ§ˆν•™ μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ—°κ΄€μ„±μ—μ„œ
04:07
teach us that mythology and science are actually two sides of the same coin.
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신화와 과학은 λ™μ „μ˜ μ–‘λ©΄μ„±μ΄λž€ κ±Έ λ°°μ›Œμš”.
04:13
Both are rooted in explaining and understanding the world.
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λ‘˜ λ‹€ 세상을 μ„€λͺ…ν•˜κ³  μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•΄μš”.
04:16
The key difference is that where mythology uses gods, monsters and magic,
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λΆ„λͺ…ν•œ 차이점이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ μ‹ ν™”κ°€ μ‹ κ³Ό κ΄΄λ¬Ό, λ§ˆλ²•μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•  λ•Œ
04:20
science uses measurements, records and experiments.
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과학은 μΈ‘μ •ν•˜μ—¬ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹€ν—˜ν•˜μ£ .
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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