Can you solve the alien pyramid riddle? - Henri Picciotto

869,372 views ใƒป 2022-09-27

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Today is the one year anniversary of the best-worst day of your life.
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ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘-ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื›ื.
00:11
The best part was discovering a subterranean city on Mars:
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืขื™ืจ ืชืช ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืื“ื™ื:
00:15
the first evidence of intelligent alien life ever found.
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ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืชื‘ื•ื ื™ื™ืืฉื ืžืฆืื” ืื™ ืคืขื.
00:19
The worst part?
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข?
00:20
No one got to explore it,
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื–ื”,
00:22
because that was when you lost contact with Earth.
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ื›ื™ ืื– ืื™ื‘ื“ืชื ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:25
You and the other 99 scientists have spent the rest of the year
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ืืชื ื•-99 ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืœื™ืชื ืืช ืฉืืจ ื”ืฉื ื”
00:29
engineering your survival,
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ื‘ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉืจื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
00:31
but youโ€™re almost out of water and solutions.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื ื’ืžืจื• ืœื›ื ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช.
00:34
Everyone else is at the ice cap,
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ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืงืจื—,
00:36
but youโ€™ve decided to investigate the buried city
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”
00:39
to see if there are clues to how their civilization survived on a desert planet.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื™ืฉ ืจืžื–ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืฉืจื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืœื›ืช ืžื“ื‘ืจื™.
00:45
The city is mostly ruins except for three intact pyramidsโ€”
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืžื•ืช-
00:50
two open and one sealed.
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ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืช ืื˜ื•ืžื”.
00:52
In the first you find a series of symbols and pictograms,
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ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกืžืœื™ื ื•ืคื™ืงื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื,
00:56
revealing a fortuitously base 10 numbering system.
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ืฉื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืžื–ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืกืคื•ืจ ื‘ืกื™ืก 10.
01:01
The second pyramidโ€™s facade is covered in these symbols.
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ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืกืžืœื™ื ืืœื”.
01:04
Inside you discover a device,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืืชื ืžื’ืœื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ,
01:06
as well as mosaic representations of how to use it.
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ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ ืคืกื™ืคืก ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•.
01:10
From those you glean the following:
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ืžืืœื” ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
01:12
the device is the key to opening the sealed pyramid
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ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื”
01:16
by inputting the number on the center block.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื ืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
01:19
But if you put in the wrong number, something terrible and deadly will happen.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉื”ื• ื ื•ืจื ื•ืงื˜ืœื ื™ ื™ืงืจื”.
01:23
The doors to all pyramids work on the same principle.
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ื”ื“ืœืชื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ.
01:27
What number should you input to open the door to the sealed pyramid?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช ืœืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื”?
01:32
Pause here to figure it out yourself. Answer in 3
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ืขืฆืจื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-3
01:35
Answer in 2
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-2
01:38
Answer in 1
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-1
01:40
The pattern revealed by the second pyramid is that every number
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ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉื—ืฉืคื” ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ
01:44
is the sum of the two numbers directly beneath it.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื—ืชื™ื•.
01:48
If that applies to the sealed pyramid, 40 clearly belongs to the left of 30.
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ืื ื–ื” ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื”, 40 ืฉื™ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืืœ ืž-30.
01:54
The center number is the sum of 7 and an unknown, call it x.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 7 ื•ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืงืจื ืœื• x.
01:59
The value of x can be determined by trial and error,
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ x ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ื˜ืขื™ื™ื”,
02:03
but itโ€™s quicker to use algebraic reasoning.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืืœื’ื‘ืจื™ืช.
02:07
The number to the left of the center number is 5+x.
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ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฉืžืืœ ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื•ื 5+x.
02:11
Therefore, this block, 40, is equal to 5+x plus 7+x.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื‘ืœื•ืง ื–ื”, 40, ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœ-5+x ื•ืขื•ื“ 7+x.
02:18
Solving for x, x must be 14, making the central block 21.
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ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ x, x ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 14, ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ 21
02:25
You enter 21 on the remote, and the door opens!
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ืืชื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื 21 ื‘ืฉืœื˜, ื•ื”ื“ืœืช ื ืคืชื—ืช!
02:29
Inside you find yet another riddle.
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืืชื ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช.
02:32
The walls show the history of this civilization.
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ื”ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื”ื–ื•.
02:36
When they lived here, the planet was covered with oceans.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืคืœื ื˜ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื›ื•ืกื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื.
02:40
But at a certain point, they up and left Mars.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื”ื ืงืžื• ื•ืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ืžืื“ื™ื.
02:43
In order to reserve the planet for themselves
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœืขืฆืžื
02:46
while making it inhospitable to others,
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ืชื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจ ืคื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจื™ื,
02:48
they moved all the water underground,
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ื”ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืื“ืžื”,
02:51
using a gigantic engineering marvel activated by a single lever.
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ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืœื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืขื ืง ืฉืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื•ืฃ ืื—ื“.
02:57
The lever is hidden in the Great Pyramid.
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ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ ื—ื‘ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
03:00
Pulling the lever again would reverse the process,
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ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื ื•ืฃ ืฉื•ื‘ ืชื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืื—ื•ืจ,
03:03
and bring the water back to the surface.
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ื•ืชื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
03:06
But where is this Great Pyramid?
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ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื•?
03:08
The mosaics indicate it should be right here, but itโ€™s clearly not.
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ื”ืคืกื™ืคืกื™ื ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื›ืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืœื.
03:13
Without it, you have no choice but to climb back out of the city to the surface.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื˜ืคืก ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื™ืจ ืืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—.
03:18
And thatโ€™s when you see it.
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ื•ืื– ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
03:20
The city is the final pyramid, or at least one face of it.
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ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืŸ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœื”.
03:25
A great pyramid, indeed!
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ืื›ืŸ ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื ื”ื“ืจืช!
03:27
The cityโ€™s architects must have designed each district
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ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื ืจืื” ืขื™ืฆื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื–
03:30
to show a number when viewed from above.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืœืžืขืœื”.
03:33
But only these three survived the ravages of time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ืืœื• ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
03:37
The key once again must be whatever number was in the center plaza.
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
03:41
You rush there, but what number should you input into the remote?
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ืืชื ืžืžื”ืจื™ื ืœืฉื, ืื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืœื˜?
03:45
Pause here to figure it out yourself. Answer in 3
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ืขืฆืจื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื›ื. ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-3
03:47
Answer in 2
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-2
03:50
Answer in 1
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ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ืขื•ื“-1
03:53
You could write out the algebra again, but hereโ€™s a more visual approach.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืืœื’ื‘ืจื” ืฉื•ื‘, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื’ื™ืฉื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:57
Sketch a pyramid, and enter the known numbers.
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ืฉืจื˜ื˜ื• ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ื”ื–ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื.
04:00
Between the 9 and the 10,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”-9 ืœ-10,
04:02
you can put colored dots to represent the two unknowns at the bottom.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืขื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฆื’ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช.
04:07
Working your way up the pyramid and drawing the sums as you go
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืจื•ืฉืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื”
04:11
will reveal that 100 = 19 + 3 green dots
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ื™ืชื’ืœื” ื›ื™ 100 = 19 + 3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ืงื•ืช
04:16
+ 3 orange dots.
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+ 3 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ืžื•ืช.
04:18
So 3(green + orange)=81,
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ืื– 3(ื™ืจื•ืง + ื›ืชื•ื)=81,
04:22
and green + orange, which is the middle number,
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ื•ื™ืจื•ืง + ื›ืชื•ื, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™,
04:26
must be 27.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช 27.
04:28
You donโ€™t actually have to figure out what green and orange areโ€”
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ืืชื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื™ืจื•ืง ื•ื›ืชื•ื-
04:32
in fact, they have a number of possibilities.
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืกืคืจ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
04:35
When you enter 27, a hidden mechanism opens in the middle of the plaza,
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ืฉืžืงืœื™ื“ื™ื 27, ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื ืกืชืจ ื ืคืชื— ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”,
04:40
revealing a staircase.
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ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ื’ืจื ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
04:42
You descend,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ืจื“ื™ื,
04:43
and finally find yourself in a room with a giant lever in the middle.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืขื ืžื ื•ืฃ ืขื ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
04:49
Only one question remains: do you pull it?
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ื ื•ืชืจื” ืจืง ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช: ื”ืื ืืชื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื•?
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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