A host of heroes - April Gudenrath

265,193 views ใƒป 2013-04-29

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:14
"I need a hero!"
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"ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ!"
00:16
So many people in distress have said this,
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืืžืจื• ืืช ื–ื”,
00:19
but why?
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžื”?
00:20
What kind of hero do we need
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ืื™ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
00:22
and do we even really even need a hero at all?
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ื•ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื?
00:25
Well, if you look at any piece of literature
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ืชื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช
00:27
written for page,
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ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื” ืœื“ืฃ,
00:28
script,
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ืœืงื•ืœื ื•ืข,
00:29
or stage,
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ืื• ืœื‘ืžื”,
00:30
the answer is yes!
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ!
00:32
But, heroes come in all shapes and sizes,
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื•ืช,
00:34
depending on what needs to be dealt with.
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื˜ืคืœ.
00:36
First, you have your epic heroes.
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืคื™ื™ื.
00:39
Epic heroes usually come from a famous family,
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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืคื™ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกืžืช,
00:42
have super-human strength,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ืขืœ ืื ื•ืฉื™,
00:44
are unusually good-looking.
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ื ืจืื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:47
They take on challenges that no one else will
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ
00:50
and succeed.
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ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ื•ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
00:52
They have great journeys and adventures,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืกืขื•ืช ื ืคืœืื™ื ื•ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช,
00:53
some supernatural
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ื—ืœืงื ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื
00:55
and some, right here on Earth.
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ื•ื—ืœืงื ืขืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ.
00:57
Beowulf does all of this.
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ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืฃ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
01:00
He travels across the sea with his band of warriors
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ื”ื•ื ืžืคืœื™ื’ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื ืขื ื—ื‘ื•ืจืช ื”ืœื•ื—ืžื™ื ืฉืœื•
01:03
to help another king defeat a supernatural monster
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืžืœืš ืื—ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืก ืžืคืœืฆืช ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช
01:06
that has been terrorizing his kingdom.
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ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ื˜ืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืœื›ื”.
01:09
He defeats the monster
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ื”ื•ื ืžื‘ื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืคืœืฆืช
01:10
and the monster's mother
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ื•ืืช ืื ื”ืžืคืœืฆืช
01:12
in an epic battle,
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืคื™,
01:13
and then goes back home
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ื•ืื– ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
01:15
and becomes king himself.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืžืœืš ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
01:17
In his old age, he has one more monster to face,
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ื‘ื–ืงื ืชื•, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืคืœืฆืช ื ื•ืกืคืช,
01:20
one more threat that he must keep from his people,
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ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื• ืžืคื ื™ื•,
01:23
a dragon.
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ื“ืจืงื•ืŸ.
01:24
Now, being an epic hero,
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืคื™,
01:26
of course he wins,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื ืฆื—,
01:27
but he is also human,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืื ื•ืฉื™,
01:29
and so he also dies.
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ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืžืช.
01:31
But he leaves behind stories
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืื—ืจื™ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื
01:32
to inspire others even today.
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ืœืชืช ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:35
Next, we have our tragic heroes.
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ืื—ืจื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ื™ื.
01:37
Tragic heroes are usually leaders or powerful characters,
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ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื˜ืจืื’ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ืื• ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ืช ื—ื–ืงื•ืช,
01:40
but the tragic hero is also majorly flawed
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ื’ื ืคื’ื•ื ืžืื•ื“
01:44
and that flaw usually leads him down the path
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ื•ื”ืคื’ื ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ
01:46
to a horrible and tragic death.
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ืœืžื•ื•ืช ื ื•ืจื ื•ื˜ืจืื’ื™.
01:49
Take the story of Oedipus the King, for example.
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ืงื—ื• ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื“ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ืžืœืš, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”,
01:52
One day, a young man travels to a town called Thebes.
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืื™ืฉ ืฆืขื™ืจ ื ื•ืกืข ืœืขื™ืจ ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืชื‘ื™.
01:55
On the way, he kills a man
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ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื’ ืื“ื
01:58
for not yielding to him on the road
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ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืคื™ื ื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
02:00
in the first documented case of road rage.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžืชื•ืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื–ืขื ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื.
02:03
He also defeats a magical creature
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืก ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืกื•ื
02:04
and is rewarded by becoming the King of Thebes,
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ื•ืžืชื•ื’ืžืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืœืžืœืš ืชื‘ื™,
02:07
and thus, marrying their queen.
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ื•ื›ืš ื ื™ืฉื ืœืžืœื›ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
02:09
Well, that's not so tragic, right?
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื˜ืจืื’ื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:11
Wrong!
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ื˜ืขื•ืช!
02:13
The queen he just married is actually his birth mother!
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ื”ืžืœื›ื” ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืฉื ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื™ืžื•!
02:16
Oedipus was supposed to have been killed
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ืื“ื™ืคื•ืก ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืจืฆื—
02:18
as a child by a servant,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจืช ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื™ืœื“,
02:19
but instead he was given to another family.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืจืช.
02:22
Oh, and the man he killed on the road,
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ืื•ื”, ื•ื”ืื™ืฉ ืฉื”ืจื’ ื‘ื“ืจืš,
02:24
the previous King of Thebes
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ื”ืžืœืš ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืชื‘ื™
02:27
and his dad.
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ื•ืื‘ื™ื•.
02:29
So he killed his father and married his mother.
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ืื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจื’ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื• ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืœืื™ืžื•.
02:32
Now that is quite tragic.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ื” ื“ื™ ื˜ืจืื’ื™.
02:34
Not tragic enough for you?
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ืœื ืžืกืคื™ืง ื˜ืจืื’ื™ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื?
02:35
Try this one.
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ื ืกื• ืืช ื–ื”.
02:37
Romeo Montague is a guy born into a wealthy family
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ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ืžื•ื ื˜ื’ื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืฉื™ืจื”
02:40
and finds the love of his life at a party, Juliet.
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ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืืช ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื”, ื™ื•ืœื™ื”.
02:44
But, Juliet is from a different family
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ืื‘ืœ, ื™ื•ืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืจืช
02:46
that just so happens to hate his family.
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื•ื ืืช ืืช ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•.
02:49
Instead of being patient
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื‘ืœื ื™
02:50
and working through the family feud,
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ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™,
02:53
Romeo decides he must have his love now,
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ืจื•ืžื™ืื• ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืืช ืื”ื•ื‘ืชื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
02:56
and his impatience leads to bloodshed and death,
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ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืกื‘ืœื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืืžื‘ื˜ ื“ืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ื•ืช,
03:00
including his own and Juliet's.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืœื™ื”.
03:03
Moving on to romantic heroes.
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ื”ืœืื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
03:05
Now these guys might sound like
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ื ืฉืžืข ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
03:07
they might have a better love life and chance at happiness,
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื™ื™ ืื”ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืฉืจ,
03:10
but that's not always the case.
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื”.
03:13
These heroes are emotional
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื”ื ืจื’ืฉื™ื™ื
03:14
and very human.
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ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืื ื•ืฉื™ื™ื.
03:16
But there is something magical about them.
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืงืกื•ื ื‘ื”ื.
03:19
Some have a miraculous birth
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ืœื›ืžื” ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื“ื” ืงืกื•ืžื”
03:21
and then are separated from their family.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืžื•ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:23
Others use enchanted swords
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ืื—ืจื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื—ืจื‘ ืงืกื•ืžื”
03:25
or get help from magical beans.
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ืื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืขื–ืจื” ืžืืคื•ื ื™ ืงืกื.
03:28
They could also reject the expectations of society
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”
03:31
and adhere to their own code of morality.
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ื•ืœื“ื‘ื•ืง ื‘ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื•ืกืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื
03:35
And in the end,
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ื•ื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
03:36
the hero triumphs over evil in an idyllic way,
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ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืข ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื™ื“ื™ืœื™ืช,
03:40
but at great personal, emotional sacrifice.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืงื•ืจื‘ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ืจื’ืฉื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
03:43
King Arthur is a good example of a romantic hero.
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ื”ืžืœืš ืืจืชื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™.
03:47
Sure, he became king and married the love of his life,
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ื›ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืžืœืš ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืœืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•,
03:51
but he was also killed by his son,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื ื”ืจื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื•,
03:53
who was born out of wedlock,
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ืฉื ื•ืœื“ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื‘ืจื™ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ื,
03:55
and had his wife cheat on him with his best friend.
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ื•ืืฉืชื• ื‘ื’ื“ื” ื‘ื• ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื• ื”ื˜ื•ื‘.
03:58
So, although he, too, like Beowulf, was a great king,
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ืื– ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ืœืฃ, ื”ื™ื” ืžืœืš ื ื”ื“ืจ,
04:01
he suffered much more
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ื”ื•ื ืกื‘ืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:02
for the greater purpose of society,
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ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
04:04
which makes him more human and relatable to us all.
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ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื• ืœืื ื•ืฉื™ ื•ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื• ืืœื™ื ื•.
04:08
There are different heroes for different situations.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
04:11
Sometimes we need the strong warrior
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื•ื—ื ื—ื–ืง
04:13
to slay the evils of the world.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื˜ื•ืœ ืืช ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
04:16
At other times,
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ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื,
04:17
we need a common person who becomes great
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืื“ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:19
so that they can inspire us all to be better.
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ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:23
So do we need heroes?
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ืื– ื”ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื?
04:25
Absolutely!
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ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜!
04:27
No matter what the time or place,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ื”ืžืงื•ื,
04:28
we still need something to believe in.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื•.
04:30
They remind us of the good in each of us,
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ื”ื ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื ื•,
04:33
and the need for hope
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ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื”
04:35
and the importance of knowledge.
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ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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