Make robots smarter - Ayanna Howard

66,261 views ใƒป 2013-02-06

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
00:14
So how many of you have a robot at home?
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ืื– ืœื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื™ืฉ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
00:18
OK, I see about 20, 30 hands.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ื‘ืขืจืš 20, 30 ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
00:20
That's actually pretty good.
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘.
00:22
How many of you would want your own personal robot at home?
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ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื
ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืฉืœื›ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
00:27
I know I would!
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื”!
00:29
OK, so why doesn't this exist?
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ืœืžื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื?
00:31
Why can't I go to the convenience store or the department store and, you know,
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ืœืžื” ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืœื›ืช ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื ื•ื—ื•ืช
ืื• ืœื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื‘ื•, ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
00:35
go up to the cashier and say, "Yeah, I want my personal robot"?
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ืœืœื›ืช ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ื“,
"ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืื™ืฉื™"?
ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช,
00:38
Well, I'm going to talk to you about how to make that happen.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:41
The thing that we need to do is to make robots smarter.
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00:44
Now, no one will argue that we don't have robots.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื.
ืื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืžืื“ื™ื
00:48
We have rovers that are going to Mars and are getting science data
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ื•ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื“ืขื™
00:52
and expanding our understanding of the world.
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ื•ืžืจื—ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงื•ื.
00:55
We have manufacturing robots
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ ืคืก ื™ืฆื•ืจ
00:56
that are helping to build our cars that we drive today.
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ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื.
00:59
We even have robots that are helping our military,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืฆื‘ื.
01:01
that are out disposing of bombs
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ืฉืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคืฆืฆื•ืช.
01:03
so our soldiers can come home safely.
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื.
01:06
So we have all this, so why don't we have the personal robot?
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”,
ืื– ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื?
01:09
Why don't I have my robot chef? Because I can't cook.
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ืœืžื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืฃ
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื‘ืฉืœ?
01:12
(Laughter)
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01:13
So, here's one of my robots, this is a simple walking robot,
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
ื–ื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœืš ืคืฉื•ื˜,
01:16
but it is by no means smart.
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ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื›ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฆื•ืจื”.
01:17
And so, what we need to do is
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ื•ื›ืš, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”
01:19
we need to change the definition of what a robot is.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜.
01:22
How do we do that? Well, the first step,
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
01:24
before we even start designing and getting our hands dirty,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœืœื›ืœืš ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื,
01:27
we have to come up with rules, kind of the laws, rules of conduct.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ื,
ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ื,
ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช,
ื•ืœืžื”?
01:32
And why is this? Because if these robots are smart,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื,
ืื”, ื”ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื.
01:35
they might be capable of more than we want.
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืžื” ื›ืœืœื™ื.
01:37
And so we have to come up with rules.
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01:38
Thou, robot, shall not harm a human.
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ืืชื”, ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜, ืœื ืชืคื’ืข ื‘ืื“ื.
ืืชื” ืชืฆื™ื™ืช ืœื™, ื•ืจืง ืœื™.
01:42
Thou shall obey me, and only me.
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01:45
Thou shall always protect me at all possible times.
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ืืชื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ืืคืฉืจื™.
01:49
So we have to lay the boundaries, the rules of engagement,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช,
ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช,
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ.
01:53
before we actually start designing.
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01:54
And then we have to come up with tools.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ื›ืœื™ื.
01:56
So I believe that the way to make robots smarter
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:00
is to mimic people.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:01
Now, our brains are complex, there's a lot going on in there,
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ื”ืžื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื,
ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื ื‘ืคื ื™ื,
ืœื›ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•
02:05
and so, it'd be hard to try to open up the brain
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02:07
and actually figure out how to mimic humans.
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:09
The best way is to observe, is to actually watch people do things,
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื ืœืฆืคื•ืช,
ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
02:13
and figure out what are they doing, what are their thoughts,
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ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื,
02:16
what are their actions, what are their emotions?
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ืžื” ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื,
ืžื” ื”ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื?
02:19
And so, part of making robots smarter is actually trying to mimic humans,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืœื—ื›ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:24
mimic how we do things,
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ืœื—ืงื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื,
02:25
so maybe they can do it a little bit better.
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ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื.
02:28
And so, some of the tools are varied.
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02:30
And so, I'm classically trained as an electrical engineer.
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ื•ื›ืš, ืื ื™ ืžืื•ืžื ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืžื”ื ื“ืกืช ื—ืฉืžืœ,
02:33
I never thought I'd have to understand things like child psychology,
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื?
02:37
infant development.
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ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช?
02:38
So, understanding that the way infants develop to children,
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ืื–, ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื,
02:42
develop to adults, and how they learn and interact
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ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ
02:44
is actually important for robotics.
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:46
I didn't understand that I'd actually have to watch
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ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช
ื‘ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื™ื ืžืชืงืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
02:49
tapes of monkeys interacting and communicating,
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02:51
because they have a whole social kind of mechanism
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืื ื™ื–ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื
02:54
where they learn from each other,
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ื‘ื• ื”ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื ื™,
02:56
and so that's really good to make robots smarter.
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ืื– ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:58
And, of course, neuroscience,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื“ืข ืžื•ื—,
ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ืงืกืžืช ืžืžื“ืข ื”ืžื•ื—,
03:00
I've always been fascinated with neuroscience,
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:02
but I never understood that I had to figure out
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ืœืžื” ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื•ืจื™ื,
03:04
why do the neurons fire,
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ืžื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“,
03:06
what about the environment helps us to learn,
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03:08
and all of those really contribute to making robots a little bit smarter.
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ื•ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืชื•ืจืžื™ื
ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
03:12
And so, some of the things that I do -- and this is just a little snapshot --
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ื•ื›ืš, ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
ื•ื–ื• ืจืง ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื”,
03:16
one of the things is mirroring.
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ืœืžืฉืœ ืชืื™ ืžืจืื”.
03:17
So they say our ability to look in a mirror and wave
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ืื– ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžืจืื” ื•ืœื ืคื ืฃ
03:21
and actually recognize that the person on the other side is us,
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ
ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื“ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื ื—ื ื•,
03:25
that self-awareness,
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ื–ื• ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ืช,
ื–ื” ืกื™ืžืŸ ืœืื™ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
03:27
is a sign of intelligence,
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03:28
and that allows us to then look at someone pitch a ball
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจ
ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ, "ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื•ืจ,
03:32
and figure out, "OK, I know how to pitch a ball,
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03:34
I'm going to mirror their improvement."
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ืื ื™ ืื—ืงื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉืœื”ื."
03:37
And so I actually have a robot
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ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
03:38
where we are trying to design a robot health coach.
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ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืžื ื—ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
03:40
And so, I have an exercise physiologist
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ื•ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืจืื” ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜
03:42
showing the robot how to do some exercises.
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ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื.
03:45
You know, we want to get strong.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื–ืง.
ื•ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœืžื™ื“ื”.
03:47
And then, the other thing is learning.
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03:48
So, learning is important. We do this as children,
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ืื–, ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื,
ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
03:51
we do this even as adults, we do this as elder.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื.
03:53
And yet, one form of learning is muscle memory.
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจ.
03:56
So how many of you play an instrument?
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ืื– ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืžื ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื ื’ื™ื ื”?
03:59
OK, so when you start off, for example, if you think about the violin,
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื– ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื,
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ื™ื ื•ืจ,
ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื‘ื•ื
04:02
you start off and your instructor might actually come
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ื•ื™ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืขื˜
04:05
and move your hand a little bit or maybe move your bow a little bit up.
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืงืฉืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืขื˜ ืœืžืขืœื”.
ืื– ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื
04:08
So they actually touch you in order to give you muscle memory.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจ.
ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
04:11
And that helps you understand how to do things a little better.
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ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“
04:14
And so we actually have a learning methodology
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ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืงื— ืืช ื”ืžื ื•ืขื™ื
04:16
where of course, we're not going to take the motors and move the legs,
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ื•ื ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื,
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืฅ
04:19
and so we have to Nunchuk to give our robot muscle memory
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฉืœื ื• ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืจ
04:23
in terms of how to do dance moves.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ ืจื™ืงื•ื“.
04:24
And then, lastly, is creativity.
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ื•ืื–, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ื–ื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
04:26
So, you might ask, "Robots? Creativity? I don't get this.
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ืื–, ืื•ืœื™ ืชืฉืืœื•,
"ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื? ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช? ืื ื™ ืœื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื–ื”.
04:31
Why does the robot have to be creative? What about creativity makes them smarter?"
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ืœืžื” ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช?
ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ?"
04:35
Well, creativity and imagination,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ,
04:37
those are the things that allow us to create problems
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช
ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืืช ื–ื”,
04:41
when we don't know how to attack it.
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04:42
They allow us to make something out of nothing.
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ื”ื ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื›ืœื•ื.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื ืชื‘ื™ื˜ื• ื‘ืืคืœื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
04:45
I mean, if you look at the apps that at out there and the tablets,
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ื•ื‘ื˜ืื‘ืœื˜ื™ื,
ื•ื”ืื™ื™ืคื“ื™ื,
04:48
and the iPads, and the iPhones, and the Androids --
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื™ืคื•ื ื™ื,
ื•ื‘ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“ื™ื,
04:50
20 years ago they didn't exist.
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ืœืคื ื™ 20 ืฉื ื” ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
04:52
So, how is it that we got from something where there was nothing and expanded?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžืžืงื•ื
ื‘ื• ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื•ื ื•ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื ื•?
04:56
It was our imagination. It was our creativity.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:58
And these are the things that allow us to figure out new things.
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ื•ืืœื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
05:01
And so, I have a robot that is creative,
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ื•ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™,
05:04
it plays piano, is a composer,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื ื’ืŸ ื‘ืคืกื ืชืจ, ื”ื•ื ืžืœื—ื™ืŸ,
05:06
and if you listen, it plays "Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star."
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ื•ืื ืืชื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืžื ื’ืŸ "ื ืฆื ืฅ, ื ืฆื ืฅ ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ืงื˜ืŸ."
05:10
(Music)
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ืื– ื›ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื—ื“,
05:11
So, all of this together,
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05:14
the last thing is interaction.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
05:17
So, you have a robot, you want it to be your playmate,
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜,
ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืคื›ื ืœืžืฉื—ืง,
05:20
your teacher, your instructor,
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ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœื›ื,
ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืฉืœื›ื,
05:22
you want it to interact.
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ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืชืงืฉืจ.
05:24
And isn't it so cute?
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ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืžื•ื“ ืœื?!
05:26
(Laughter)
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05:27
So, interaction is key,
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ืื–, ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื™ื ืžืคืชื—,
05:30
it is key to understanding how to work in our world with us,
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ื–ื” ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœื”ื‘ื ื”
ืฉืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื•,
05:35
and so the interaction piece is very important.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”.
05:38
It deals with communication, it deals with understanding,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช,
ื–ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื”,
05:41
it deals with gaze, it deals with attention.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื‘ื˜,
ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืงืฉื‘.
ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ื—ื“ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ื•
05:44
All of these things together allow that interaction
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ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
05:47
and our robots to be smart.
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05:48
And so these are just some of the tools
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ื•ื›ืš ืืœื” ื”ื ืจืง ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื
05:50
that we use in order to make robots smarter.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื—ื›ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:52
So, I want to leave you with one thought.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืื—ืช.
05:54
So, I'm all for robots and smart robots.
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ืื ื™ ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื‘ืขื“ ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ื—ื›ืžื™ื.
05:57
I mean, that's what I do,
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื”,
05:58
I'd be out of a job if I didn't believe in that.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืืžื™ื ื” ื‘ื–ื”.
ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื™ืคื” ื–ื” ื ื’ืžืจ?
06:01
But yet, where does it end?
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06:03
How far do we push it?
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ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื ืงื— ืืช ื–ื”?
ื›ืžื” ืจื—ื•ืง ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื›ืžื™ื
06:05
How far and how smart should we make our smart robots?
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•?
06:09
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
06:11
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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