Vermicomposting: How worms can reduce our waste - Matthew Ross

1,955,938 views ใƒป 2013-06-26

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:13
Think of all the food made in the world each year.
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
00:17
Hard to picture?
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ืงืฉื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ?
00:18
Then, imagine that you are all of humanity,
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ืื–, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื›ืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช,
00:21
and on a plate in front of you
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ื•ืขืœ ืฆืœื—ืช ืœืคื ื™ื›ื
00:22
is the one lovely annual meal you make for yourself.
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ื™ืฉ ืืจื•ื—ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืื—ืช ื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื.
00:26
You did all sorts of work putting that meal on your table.
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ืขืฉื™ืชื ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
00:29
You must be eager to consume the fruits of your labor.
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ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืœื”ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ืคืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื.
00:31
And the vegetables
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ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช
00:32
and meats
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ื•ื”ื‘ืฉืจื™ื
00:33
and waffles of your labor, too, right?
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ื•ื”ื•ื•ืืคืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื›ื, ื’ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:35
Well, oddly enough, a third of that meal
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ื™ืฉืžืข ืžื•ื–ืจ, ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ื–ื•
00:37
ends up in the trash.
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื‘ืœ.
00:39
A third of the food we eat globally,
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ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช,
00:42
an estimated 1.3 billion tons
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ื‘ืขืจืš 1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื˜ื•ืŸ
00:47
ends up as waste.
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ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื–ื‘ืœ.
00:49
All the work we put into producing that food is wasted.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžื‘ื•ื–ื‘ื–ืช.
00:52
And what's worse, it costs us.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื’ืจื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื•.
00:54
America alone spends an estimated
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ืืžืจื™ืงื” ืœื‘ื“ื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื” ื‘ืขืจืš
00:56
165 billion dollars a year
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165 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”
00:59
managing food waste.
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ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ.
01:01
We're wasting food,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืžื–ื•ืŸ,
01:02
energy,
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ืื ืจื’ื™ื”,
01:03
and money.
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ื•ื›ืกืฃ.
01:04
Perhaps worst of all,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžื›ืœ,
01:05
we're wasting the chance to change,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช,
01:07
to make the system of food consumption more efficient.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
01:10
If you want to bring on that change,
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ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”,
01:12
you should know about a humble
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ
01:13
yet diligent and ever-so-crucial ally:
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ืฆื ื•ืข ืืš ืฉืงื“ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™:
01:16
the worm.
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ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช.
01:18
Worms convert organic waste
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ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืžืžื™ืจื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช
01:19
and other compostable products into natural fertilizers.
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ ืœื“ืฉืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
01:23
Up to 75% of what we put in the waste stream
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ืขื“ 75% ืžืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื‘ืœ
01:26
can become food and bedding material
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืื•ื›ืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฆืข
01:28
for vermicomposting.
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ืœื•ืจืžื™ืงื•ืžืคื•ื“ื˜ื™ื ื’.
01:30
You can create a worm bin in your own home
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืจื’ื– ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื›ื
01:32
to see the composting process in action.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื”.
01:35
First off, you need worms
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชื•ืœืขื™ื
01:36
and not your typical earthworms.
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ื•ืœื ืชื•ืœืขื™ ืื“ืžื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ื•ืช.
01:38
You need redworms,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
01:39
eisenia foetida,
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ืื™ื™ืกื ื™ื” ืคื•ืื˜ื™ื“ื”,
01:41
the species responsible for most
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ื”ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืœืจื•ื‘
01:43
vermicomposting in North America.
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ื”ื•ืจืžื™ืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
01:45
These red wigglers are surface dwellers
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ื”ืžืชืคืชืœื™ื ื”ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—
01:47
who don't burrow too deep,
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ื•ืœื ืžืชื—ืคืจื•ืช ืขืžื•ืง ืžื“ื™,
01:49
they're optimal feeders around room temperature,
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ื”ื ืื›ืœื ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืจ,
01:51
and they're well-suited to converting organic waste
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœื”ืคื™ื›ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ืช
01:54
into usable fertilizer.
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ืœื“ืฉืŸ ืฉืžื™ืฉ.
01:56
Now, your worms might be vermin,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื”ืŸ ืื•ืœื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช,
01:58
but they need a comfortable space to live and work:
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ื ื•ื— ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“:
02:00
some bedding materials,
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ืงืฆืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืžืฆืข,
02:01
either shredded paper or cardboard,
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ืื• ื ื™ื™ืจ ื’ืจื•ืก ืื• ืงืจื˜ื•ืŸ,
02:03
some moisture,
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ืงืฆืช ืœื—ื•ืช,
02:04
and, of course, food,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื•ื›ืœ,
02:06
mainly, your leftovers,
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
02:07
slightly decomposed table scraps.
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ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืžืขื˜ ืจืงื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:10
The worms break down food waste
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ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
02:12
and other organic matter into castings,
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ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ ืื—ืจ ืœื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช,
02:14
a fancy synonym for worm poop.
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ืžื™ืœื” ืžืคื•ืืจืช ืœืงืงื™ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื.
02:16
Their excrement is absolutely teeming with microbes,
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ื”ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืœืื” ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื,
02:20
which continue the decomposition process,
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ืฉืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื•ืง,
02:22
making all those once-wasted nutrients
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื• ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื
02:24
available again as fertilizer.
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ืœื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ืฉืŸ.
02:26
The timeline for the whole process varies
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ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฉืชื ื”
02:28
depending on the quantity of worms,
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ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื,
02:30
the temperature,
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ื”ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”,
02:31
and how much waste is added to the bin.
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžื•ืกืคืช ืœื›ืœื™.
02:34
And there's another timeline to consider.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ืงื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ.
02:36
In a healthy worm-bin habitat,
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื,
02:37
worm reproduction will occur
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ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืชืงืจื”
02:39
when the wigglers become sexually mature,
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ื›ืฉื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื”ื•ืคื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืช,
02:42
indicated by an elongation of the segments
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ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืชืืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื
02:44
into a bulbous structure.
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ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื‘ื•ืœื‘ื•ืกื™.
02:46
Three-month old wigglers can produce
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ
02:47
two to three semi-translucent yellow worm cocoons a week.
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ืฉืชื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืงืขื•ืช ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
02:52
You thought only moths and butterflies
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉืจืง ืขืฉ ื•ืคืจืคืจื™ื
02:53
come out of cocoons?
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ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืคืงืขื•ืช?
02:55
Well, we can't all be majestic.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.
02:57
It takes around 11 weeks for new babies to hatch.
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ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ืขืจืš 11 ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืงื•ืข.
03:00
When your bin seems to be full of living vermicelli noodles,
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ื›ืฉื”ืžื™ื›ืœ ืฉืœื›ื ื ืจืื” ืžืœื ื‘ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ,
03:03
it's time to share the bounty with your friends
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ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืฉืœืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืœื›ื
03:05
and start a vermicompost club.
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ื•ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื.
03:07
Or keep those worms to yourself
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ืื• ืฉืชืฉืžืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœืขืฆืžื›ื
03:09
and start a business.
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ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืขืกืง.
03:11
Vermicomposting isn't confined
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ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ ืžืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช
03:12
only to small worm bins,
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ืœื›ืœื™ ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
03:14
it's an emerging entrepreneurial enterprise.
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ื–ื” ืขืกืง ื™ื–ืžื™ ืžืชืคืชื—.
03:17
Large-scale facilities convert
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ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžื™ืจื™ื
03:18
bulk organic waste and even manure
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ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆื•ืื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช
03:21
into rich, black castings called black gold.
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ืœื™ืฆื™ืงื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื—ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ื–ื”ื‘ ืฉื—ื•ืจ.
03:24
Its value as a soil additive is unparalleled,
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ืœืขืจืš ืฉืœื• ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœืงืจืงืข ืื™ืŸ ืžืชื—ืจื™ื,
03:27
and it can help plants resist harmful pathogens.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืฆืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื.
03:30
The lack of available land in urban environments,
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ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืื“ืžื” ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช,
03:32
coupled with growing interest in smaller-scale farming
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:35
means there is a market for vermicomposting.
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ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉื•ืง ืœืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’ ืขื ืชื•ืœืขื™ื.
03:38
Many communities use composting
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ืื•ืœื™ ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืžืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ื’
03:39
as part of zero-waste strategies,
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ื›ื—ืง ืžืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืคืก ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–,
03:42
and they can sell their worm-eaten table scraps
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ื•ื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืืจื™ื•ืช ืื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ
03:44
to local farms, hungry for rich fertilizer.
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ืœื—ื•ื•ืื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื, ืฉืจืขื‘ื™ื ืœื“ืฉืŸ ืขืฉื™ืจ.
03:46
So, instead of wasting money,
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ืื–, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืกืฃ,
03:48
dumping wasted food in landfills,
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ืœื”ืฉืœื™ืš ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื–ื‘ืœื•ืช,
03:50
we can remake waste into an asset,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืคืกื•ืœืช ืœื ื›ืก,
03:52
putting it back into our food system
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ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ
03:54
to make it more sustainable,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืื•ืชื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื,
03:56
all with the help of the humble worm,
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ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช ื”ืฆื ื•ืขื”,
03:58
the tiny organism that can help us
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ื”ืื•ืจื’ื ื™ื–ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื˜ืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื ื•
03:59
change the way we look at food's place in our lives
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ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื•
04:02
and our place in the world,
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ื•ื”ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
04:04
as long as we give the little guy
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ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ
ืžืงื•ื ืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื ื•.
04:06
a place at our table.
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04:07
Well, not an actual seat at the table.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื›ื™ืกื ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ.
04:09
A bin in the shed is fine.
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ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžื—ืกืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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