Parasite tales: The jewel wasp's zombie slave - Carl Zimmer

112,052 views ใƒป 2013-01-28

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: eviatar edlerman
00:14
I would like to introduce you to my favorite parasite.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ืขืœื™.
00:19
There are millions that I could choose from
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ื™ืฉ ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืžื”ื
00:21
and this is it:
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื:
00:22
it's called the jewel wasp.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืงืจื ืฆื™ืจืขืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜.
00:24
You can find it in parts of Africa and Asia.
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืฉืœ ืืคืจื™ืงื” ื•ืืกื™ื”.
00:27
It's a little under an inch long,
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืงืฆืช ืคื—ื•ืช ืž2.5 ืก"ืž,
00:28
and it is a beautiful looking parasite.
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ื•ื–ื” ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื™ืคื™ืคื”.
00:30
Now, you may be saying to yourself,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืืชื ืื•ืœื™ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื,
00:32
"This is not a parasite.
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"ื–ื” ืœื ื˜ืคื™ืœ.
00:34
It's not a tapeworm,
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ื–ื” ืœื ืชื•ืœืขืช ืกืจื˜,
00:35
it's not a virus,
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00:35
how could a wasp be a parasite?"
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ื–ื” ืœื ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
ืื™ืš ืฆืจืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื˜ืคื™ืœื”?"
00:38
You are probably thinking about regular wasps,
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ืืชื ื›ื ืจืื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืจืขื•ืช ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช,
00:40
you know, the ones that build paper nests as their house.
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืืœื” ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื ื™ื ืžื ื™ื™ืจ ื›ื‘ื™ืช.
00:45
Well, the thing is that the jewel wasp
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉืฆืจืขืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜
00:48
makes its house inside a living cockroach.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืงืง ื—ื™.
00:54
Here's how it happens.
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ื”ื ื” ืื™ืš ืฉื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
00:57
A jewel wasp is flying around, looking for a cockroach.
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ืฆืจืขืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ืžืขื•ืคืคืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ, ืžื—ืคืฉืช ืžืงืง.
01:00
When it sees one, it lands and bites on its wing.
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืจื•ืื” ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื—ืชืช ื•ื ื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื ืฃ ืฉืœื•.
01:03
So, I'll be the cockroach.
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ืื–, ืื ื™ ืื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืงืง.
01:04
Be-wha! Bewha!
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ืื•ื™! ืื•ื™!
01:06
And the cockroach starts shaking it off,
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ื•ื”ืžืงืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืชื”,
01:08
"Get away from me!"
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"ืจื“ื™ ืžืžื ื™!"
01:10
The wasp very quickly starts stinging the cockroach.
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ืžื”ืจ ืœืขืงื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืงืง.
01:14
All of a sudden, the cockroach can't move,
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื”ืžืงืง ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื•ื–,
01:17
for about a minute.
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ืœืžืฉืš ื“ืงื” ื‘ืขืจืš.
01:18
And then it recovers
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ื•ืื– ื”ื•ื ืžืชืื•ืฉืฉ
01:21
and stands up.
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ื•ื ืขืžื“.
01:22
It could run away now,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืจื•ื— ืขื›ืฉื™ื•,
01:24
but it doesn't.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื.
01:26
It just doesn't want to.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื”.
01:28
It just stays there.
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ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืฉืืจ ืฉื.
01:30
It's become a zombie slave.
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืœืขื‘ืจ ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™.
01:35
Again, I'm not making this up.
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืžืฆื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:37
The wasp goes off,
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžืชืขื•ืคืคืช,
01:38
it walks away and finds a hole
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ืžื—ืคืฉืช ื—ื•ืจ
01:41
and digs it out, makes it into a burrow.
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ื•ื—ื•ืคืจืช ืื•ืชื•, ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื—ื™ืœื”.
01:44
It walks back.
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ื”ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจืช.
01:45
This can take up to half an hour.
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ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืขื“ ื—ืฆื™ ืฉืขื”.
01:48
The cockroach is still there.
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ื”ืžืงืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื.
01:51
What do we do now?
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ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•?
01:53
The wasps grabs onto one of the antenna,
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืชื•ืคืกืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื—ื•ืฉื™ื,
01:56
bites down on it,
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ื ื•ืฉื›ืช ืื•ืชื•,
01:58
of the cockroach,
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ืžื”ืžืงืง,
01:59
and pulls the cockroach.
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ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงืง.
02:01
And the cockroach says, "Alright,"
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ื•ื”ืžืงืง ืื•ืžืจ, "ื‘ืกื“ืจ,"
02:04
and walks like a dog on a leash.
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ื•ื”ื•ืœืš ื›ืžื• ื›ืœื‘ ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ืขื”.
02:07
The wasp takes it all the way down into the burrow.
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืœื•ืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืžืง ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
02:11
The cockroach says, "Nice place."
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ื”ืžืงืง ืื•ืžืจ, "ืžืงื•ื ื ื—ืžื“."
02:14
The wasp takes care of some business
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื›ืžื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื
02:16
and then goes and leaves the burrow
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ื•ืื– ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื”
02:17
and seals it shut,
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ื•ืื•ื˜ืžืช ืื•ืชื”,
02:19
leaving the cockroach entombed in darkness, still alive.
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ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืงืง ืงื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื”, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™.
02:23
The cockroach says, "Alright, I'll stay here if you want."
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ื”ืžืงืง ืื•ืžืจ," ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืืฉืืจ ื›ืืŸ ืื ืืช ืจื•ืฆื”."
02:27
Now, I mentioned that the cockroach took care,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืงืง ื˜ื™ืคืœ,
02:29
ah, the wasp took care of a little business
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ืื”, ื”ืฆืจืขื” ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื˜ืŸ
02:32
before it left the burrow.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืขื–ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืœื”.
02:34
The business was laying an egg
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื”ื˜ืœืช ื‘ื™ืฆื”
02:37
on the underside of the cockroach.
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ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ืžืงืง.
02:39
The egg hatches.
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ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื” ื‘ื•ืงืขืช.
02:40
Out comes a wasp larva.
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆื ื–ื—ืœ ืฉืœ ืฆืจืขื”.
02:42
It looks kind of like a maggot with big, nasty jaws.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ืจื™ืžื” ืขื ืžืœืชืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืื™ื™ืžื•ืช.
02:45
It chews a hole into the cockroach
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ื”ื•ื ืœื•ืขืก ื—ื•ืจ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงืง
02:49
and starts to feed from the outside.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืžื‘ื—ื•ืฅ.
02:51
It gets bigger, like you can see over here.
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ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
02:55
And then when it gets big enough,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง,
02:56
it decides to crawl into the hole,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื–ื—ื•ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื—ื•ืจ,
03:00
into the cockroach.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงืง.
03:02
So now it's inside the still-living cockroach
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืงืง ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™
03:05
and the cockroach doesn't mind much.
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ื•ืœืžืงืง ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื›ืคืช.
03:09
This goes on for about a month.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืขืจืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉ.
03:11
The larva grows and grows and grows,
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ื”ื–ื—ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื’ื“ืœ ื•ื’ื“ืœ,
03:14
then makes a pupa, kind of like a cocoon.
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ืื– ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื’ื•ืœื, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืคืงืขืช.
03:16
Inside there it grows eyes,
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ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื,
03:18
it grows wings,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื,
03:19
it grows legs,
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ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื“ืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
03:21
the cockroach is still alive, still waiting.
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ื”ืžืงืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื›ื”.
03:24
Finally the wasp is ready to leave,
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ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžื•ื›ื ื” ืœืขื–ื•ื‘,
03:27
and that's when the cockroach finally dies
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ื•ืื– ื”ืžืงืง ืžืช ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ
03:30
because the fullly-formed adult wasp
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฆืจืขื” ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจืช
03:33
crawls out of the cockroach's dying body.
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ื–ื•ื—ืœืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืงืง ื”ื’ื•ืกืก.
03:38
The wasp shakes itself off,
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžืชื ืขืจืช,
03:40
climbs out of the burrow,
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ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืžื”ืžื—ื™ืœื”,
03:42
goes and finds another wasp to mate with
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืฆืจืขื” ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ื–ื“ื•ื•ื’ ืื™ืชื”
03:44
to start this whole, crazy cycle again.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉื•ื’ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžื”ืชื—ืœื”.
03:47
So, this is not science fiction,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืœื ืžื“ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™,
03:50
this happens every day, all over the world.
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
03:54
And scientists are totally fascinated by this.
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืžื•ืงืกืžื™ื ืžื–ื” ืœื’ืžืจื™.
03:58
They're just starting to figure out how all this happens.
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ื”ื ืจืง ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”.
04:01
And, when you really start to look at the science of it,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืข ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
04:04
you start to kind of respect this very creepy wasp.
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ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆืจืขื” ื”ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•.
04:08
You see, the thing is that when it attacks the cockroach,
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ืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื›ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ืงืคืช ืืช ื”ืžืงืง,
04:12
it's not just stinging wildly,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ืงืฆืช ื‘ืคืจืื•ืช,
04:13
it delivers two precise stings.
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืงืฆืช ืฉืชื™ ืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื•ืช.
04:18
It knows this cockroach's nervous system
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ื”ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืง ื”ื–ื”
04:21
like you know the back of your hand.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื’ื‘ ื™ื“ื›ื.
04:23
The first sting goes to that spot there,
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ื”ืขืงื™ืฆื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื”ื™ื ืฉื,
04:26
called the "walking rhythm generators,"
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ืฉื ืงืจืืช "ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ ืงืฆื‘ ืขืจื•ืช,"
04:28
and, as you can guess,
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ื•ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื—ืฉ,
04:29
those are the neurons that send signals
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื•ืช
04:30
to the legs to move.
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ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืœื–ื•ื–.
04:33
It blocks the channels that the neurons use
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ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกื ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืจื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ื
04:36
to send these signals.
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04:36
So the cockroach wants to go, it wants to run away,
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ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ืกื™ื’ื ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
ืื– ื”ืžืงืง ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืœื›ืช, ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ืจื•ื—,
04:39
but it can't because it can't move its legs.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื–ื™ื– ืืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื.
04:42
And that lasted for about a minute.
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืขืจืš ื“ืงื”.
04:45
This is really sophisticated pharmacology.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืคืจืžืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช.
04:49
We actually use the same method,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื”,
04:51
a drug called Ivermectin,
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ืกื ืฉื ืงืจื ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ,
04:53
to cure river blindness,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืคื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื ื”ืจื•ืช,
04:54
which is caused by a parasitic worm
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ืฉื ื’ืจื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืชื•ืœืขืช ื˜ืคื™ืœื™ืช
04:55
that gets into your eye.
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ืฉื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืชื•ืš ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื.
04:57
If you take Ivermectin, you paralyze the worm
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ืื ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื™ื‘ืจืžืงื˜ื™ืŸ, ืืชื ืžืฉืชืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืœืขืช
05:00
using the same strategy.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื™ื˜ื”.
05:03
Now, we discovered this in the 1970s,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื’ื™ืœื™ื ื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”70,
05:05
the wasp has been doing this for millions of years.
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ื”ืฆืจืขื” ืขืฉืชื” ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื.
05:09
Then comes the second sting.
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ืื– ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืขืงื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื”.
05:11
Now the second sting actually hits two places along the way.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืขืงื™ืฆื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš.
05:14
And to try to imagine how this can happen,
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ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”,
05:18
I want you to picture yourself with a friend
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ
05:22
who's got a very long, very, very scary looking needle.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื—ื˜ ืžืžืฉ ืืจื•ื›ื” ื•ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืคื—ื™ื“ื”.
05:25
And your friend,
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ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ื,
05:26
or at least you thought he was your friend,
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ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ,
05:28
sticks it in your neck,
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ื ื•ืขืฅ ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจื›ื,
05:31
goes into your skull,
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ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื•ื’ื•ืœืช,
05:33
stops off at one part of your brain
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ืขื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื—ื›ื
05:35
and injects some drugs,
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ื•ืžื–ืจื™ืง ืกื ื›ืœืฉื”ื•,
05:38
then keeps going in your brain
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ืื– ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืš ืžื•ื—ื›ื
05:40
and injects some more.
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ื•ืžื–ืจื™ืง ืขื•ื“.
05:43
These are two particular spots,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช,
05:45
marked here, "SEG",
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ืžืกื•ืžื ื•ืช ืคื”, "SEG",
05:46
and you can see the tip of it in the brain, marked "Br".
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืฆื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื•ื—, ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื‘ "Br".
05:50
Now, we can do this, but it's really hard for us.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•.
05:55
It's called stereotactic drug delivery.
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื ืชื™ื ืช ืกื ืกื˜ืจื™ืื•ื˜ืงื˜ื™ืช.
05:57
You have to put a patient in a big metal frame
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ืœืชื•ืš ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืชื›ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”
06:00
to hold them still,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื ืฉืœื ื™ื–ื•ื–ื•,
06:01
you need CAT Scans to know where you're going,
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืกื•ืจืง CAT ื›ื“ื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืœืืŸ ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื,
06:03
so you look at the picture and say,
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ื›ืš ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
06:05
"Are we going the right way?"
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"ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
06:07
The jewel wasp has sensors on its stinger
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ืœืฆืจืขืช ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืงืฅ
06:10
and scientists think that it can actually feel its way
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ื•ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš
06:14
through the cockroach's brain until it gets
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ื“ืจืš ืžื•ื— ื”ืžืงืง ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื”
06:17
to the exact, right place,
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง,
06:19
and then penetrates an individual neuron
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ื•ืื– ื—ื•ื“ืจืช ืœื ื™ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“
06:22
and then delivers the goods.
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ื•ืื– ืžืกืคืงืช ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”.
06:25
So, this is quite amazing stuff,
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ืื–, ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ื“ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
06:29
and what seems to happen then
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืื–
06:31
is that the wasp is taking away the control
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ื–ื” ืฉื”ืฆืจืขื” ืžืกื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”
06:36
that the cockroach has over its own body.
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืงืง ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื•.
06:39
It's taking away the cockroach's free will.
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ื–ื” ืžืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงืง.
06:42
We didn't really appreciate that cockroaches
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ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืขืจื›ื ื• ืฉืœืžืงืงื™ื
06:43
have free will until this wasp showed us.
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ื™ืฉ ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืขื“ ืฉื”ืฆืจืขื” ื”ื–ื• ื”ืจืืชื” ืœื ื•.
06:46
And, we have no idea how it's doing this,
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”,
06:50
we don't know yet what the venom has in it
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื” ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืืจืก
06:52
and we don't know which circuits
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขื’ืœื™ื
06:53
it's hitting in the cockroach's brain,
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ื”ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืžื•ื— ื”ืžืงืง,
06:56
and I think that's why this is,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื”,
06:58
most of all, my favorite parasite
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื”ื˜ืคื™ืœ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™
07:00
because we have so much left to learn from it.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื”.
07:03
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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