Mysteries of vernacular: Inaugurate - Jessica Oreck

38,070 views ใƒป 2013-05-24

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

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Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: eviatar edlerman
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Mysteries of vernacular
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™
00:16
Inaugurate:
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ืื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ื˜ (ื—ื ื™ื›ื”):
00:18
to begin or introduce a system, policy, or period
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืชืงื•ืคื”
00:22
or to admit someone formally into public office.
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ืื• ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื“ื ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืœืžืฉืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
00:26
The word inaugurate probably begins
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืœื—ื ื•ืš ื›ื ืจืื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœื”
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with the Latin word avis,
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ืขื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืื•ื•ื™ืก,
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meaning bird.
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:32
In ancient Rome, avis was combined
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ื‘ืจื•ืžื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ืื•ื•ื™ืก ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช
00:34
with the Latin verb garrire, to talk.
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ืขื ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ ื’ืจื™ืจื”, ืœื“ื‘ืจ.
00:39
The two words together made augur,
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ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ื™ืฆืจื• ืื’ื•ืจ,
00:43
literally one who talks to birds.
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ืฉืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื” ืื“ื ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
00:46
Figuratively, however, augur was the name given
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื’ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ
00:49
to a specific religious official,
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ืœื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื” ื“ืชื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื,
00:52
a type of soothsayer or prophet,
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื™ื“ ืขืชื™ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื ื‘ื™ื,
ืฉื—ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
00:57
who foretold events by studying the behavior of birds.
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00:59
No major decision was made
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ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื”
01:01
without the augur's consultation.
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ื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ืจ.
01:04
He would analyze flight patterns and direction,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืชื— ืชื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืฃ ื•ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ,
01:07
bird calls,
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ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
01:09
and general bird activities,
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ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
01:10
and then use these signs to interpret the will of the gods.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื™ื.
01:15
From augur comes the verb inaugurare,
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ืžืื’ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ืจ,
01:19
to see omens from the flight of birds,
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื•ืคื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
01:23
and, then later, to consecrate or act
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ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ืœืฉืœื•ืœ ืื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ
01:26
when such omens are favorable.
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ื›ืฉื”ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื.
01:29
Roman officials could only be installed in office
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ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืจื•ืžืื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืง
01:32
when the avian omens were auspicious.
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ื›ืฉื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ืื•ื™ืืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื.
01:36
Centuries later,
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ืžืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ,
01:38
the word was eventually transmuted into English
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืื ื’ืœื™ืช
01:41
as inaugurate.
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ื›ืื™ื ื’ื•ืจื™ื™ื˜.
01:43
Along the way, it lost its veneer of superstition
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ื‘ื“ืจืš, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื‘ื“ื” ืืช ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ืชืคืœื”
01:47
and was admitted formally
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ื•ื”ื•ื›ื ืกื” ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ืช
01:49
into the jargon of politics.
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ืœืชื•ืš ื”ื’'ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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