Learn English Vocabulary Daily #22.1 — British English Podcast

Hello, and welcome to The English Like a Native Podcast.

您好，欢迎来到像母语一样的英语播客。

My name is Anna and you're listening to Week 22, Day 1 of Your English Five a Day.

我叫安娜，你正在听《英语每日五堂》第 22 周第一天。

This is the series that aims to increase your active vocabulary by deep diving

该系列旨在通过

into five pieces every day of the working week from Monday to Friday.

从周一到周五的工作周中每天深入研究五篇文章来增加您的活跃词汇量。

So, let's start today's list with a noun, an uncomfortable

那么，让我们从一个名词开始今天的清单，一个不舒服的

noun, and it is discomfort.

名词，它是不舒服。

Discomfort.

不适。

We spell this D I S C O M F O R T.

我们将其拼写为 DISCOMFOR T.

Discomfort.

不适。

Discomfort is a feeling of slight pain, unease, or physical or emotional distress.

不适是指轻微疼痛、不安或身体或情绪困扰的感觉。

Have you ever had a feeling of discomfort?

你有过不舒服的感觉吗？

Have you ever had to suffer through discomfort?

您是否曾因不适而受苦？

Some people suffer from regular headaches, but still have to go

有些人经常头痛，但

to work and deal with their daily tasks despite their discomfort.

尽管感觉不舒服，仍然必须去上班并处理日常任务。

People have to work through discomfort.

人们必须克服不适。

They have to attend social events, despite maybe having a stomach pain

他们必须参加社交活动，尽管可能有胃痛

or a problem with their Achilles heel, perhaps, or a sports injury.

或跟腱有问题，或者有运动损伤。

Or sometimes we're dealing with some emotional discomfort and we still have

或者有时我们正在处理一些情绪上的不适，但我们仍然必须

to put on a brave face, which is another phrase meaning to smile and show the

表现出勇敢的面孔，这是另一个短语，意思是微笑并向世界表明

world that everything's okay, even though on the inside you're hurting.

一切都好，即使你内心受伤。

So, dealing with discomfort.

所以，应对不适。

When was the last time you dealt with discomfort?

您最后一次处理不适是什么时候？

Here's an example sentence,

这是一个例句，

"If you have any feelings of discomfort after doing these exercises let

“如果您在完成这些练习后有任何不适的感觉，请

me know, and we can look at giving you some easier ones instead."

告诉我，我们可以考虑为您提供一些更简单的练习。”

Next on the list is the adjective, allergic.

列表中的下一个是形容词，过敏。

Allergic.

过敏。

We spell this A L L E R G I C.

我们将其拼写为 ALLERGI C.

Allergic.

过敏。

Allergic.

过敏。

If you are allergic, then you have an allergy to something.

如果您过敏，那么您对某些东西过敏。

So, you have a reaction when you come into contact or eat a certain thing.

所以，当你接触或吃某种东西时，你就会产生反应。

So, for example, my son has a dust mite allergy.

举例来说，我儿子对尘螨过敏。

And he has a grass pollen allergy.

他对草花粉过敏。

So, he's allergic to the grass and he's allergic to dust, which means he

所以，他对草过敏，对灰尘过敏，这意味着他

has reactions when he's outside and he has reactions when he's inside.

在室外时有反应，在室内时也有反应。

So, my job as his mother is to ensure that the areas where he spends most

所以，作为他的母亲，我的工作就是确保他大部分

of his time are regularly cleaned.

时间呆的地方得到定期清洁。

So, I have to dust his room more regularly than I normally would.

所以，我必须比平时更频繁地打扫他的房间。

I have to wash his bed linen regularly.

我必须定期清洗他的床单。

I have to wash his curtains.

我得洗他的窗帘。

I have to hoover more regularly just to keep those dust mites at bay, to

我必须更频繁地用吸尘器吸尘，只是为了阻止那些尘螨，阻止

hold them back, to stop them from creating problems for him and his skin.

它们，阻止它们给他和他的皮肤带来问题。

The reaction that he has is eczema.

他的反应是湿疹。

So, he has flare ups on his skin.

所以，他的皮肤上出现了炎症。

He can also get a runny nose and sometimes he even has swollen eyes and watery eyes.

他还会流鼻涕，有时甚至眼睛肿胀、流泪。

Sometimes people's reactions can be quite severe.

有时人们的反应可能相当严重。

They can be life-threatening, even.

它们甚至可能危及生命。

Some people, particularly with nut allergies, these

有些人，特别是对坚果过敏的人，这些

allergies can be quite bad.

过敏可能会很严重。

They can make your throat swell, which stops you from

它们会使您的喉咙肿胀，从而使您无法

breathing which is not good.

呼吸，这并不好。

And so, you have to be careful when you're allergic to things.

所以，当你对某些东西过敏时，你必须小心。

Are you allergic to anything?

你对什么过敏吗？

Here's another example sentence,

这是另一个例句，

"Can you tell me what is in the curry sauce, please?

“请告诉我咖喱酱里有什么？

I'm allergic to dairy products, so I need to make sure that there is no

我对乳制品过敏，所以我需要确保

milk, cream, or yoghurt in my meal."

我的饭菜中没有牛奶、奶油或酸奶。”

Next on the list is a noun and it is intolerance, intolerance.

列表中的下一个是一个名词，它是不宽容，不宽容。

We spell this I N T O L E R A N C E, intolerance.

我们拼写这个INTOL ERANCE，不宽容。

Now we normally have an intolerance and we'll talk about food intolerance.

现在我们通常都会有不耐受，我们将讨论食物不耐受。

People will usually use words like a gluten intolerance or

人们通常会使用“麸质不耐受”、“

a dairy intolerance or a milk intolerance or a nut intolerance.

乳制品不耐受”、“牛奶不耐受”或“坚果不耐受”等词语。

It's slightly different to an allergy.

它与过敏略有不同。

It just means that you are more sensitive to those foods, even though you may not

这只是意味着您对这些食物更敏感，即使您可能没有

have a particular allergic reaction.

特定的过敏反应。

So, it means you can't really digest those particular foods very well.

所以，这意味着你不能很好地消化这些特定的食物。

It can make you feel uncomfortable, maybe even a bit poorly when you eat them.

当你吃它们时，它会让你感觉不舒服，甚至可能有点不舒服。

Here's an example sentence,

这里有一个例句，

"How do you cope with your intolerance to gluten?

“你如何应对你对麸质的不耐受？

It must be so hard not being able to eat bread, pasta, cakes,

不能吃面包、面食、蛋糕或

or enjoy a nice cold beer!"

享受一杯美味的冰啤酒一定很难受！”

Alright, next on the list is the word anaphylaxis, anaphylaxis.

好吧，列表中的下一个是“过敏反应”这个词。

This is a noun and we spell it A N A P H Y L A X I S.

这是一个名词，我们将其拼写为 ANAPHYLAXI S.

Anaphylaxis.

过敏反应。

Now the 'PH' will often represent an 'F' sound as it does here.

现在“PH”通常代表“F”音，就像这里一样。

Anaphylaxis.

过敏反应。

Anaphylaxis, or you'll often hear anaphylactic shock is when a person

过敏反应，或者你经常听到的过敏性休克是指一个人

suffers from an extreme reaction.

遭受极端反应。

So a very dangerous reaction when they've touched or eaten something

因此，当他们接触或吃了

that they are extremely allergic to.

对其极度过敏的东西时，这是一种非常危险的反应。

So, when I mentioned earlier about someone eating nuts and their throat

所以，当我之前提到有人吃坚果而喉咙

swelling, that reaction is anaphylaxis.

肿胀时，这种反应就是过敏反应。

That is anaphylactic shock.

这就是过敏性休克。

It can also be something that's airborne.

它也可以是空气中的东西。

So, if someone close to you is eating nuts and the nut dust kind of sprays

因此，如果你身边的人正在吃坚果，而坚果粉尘会喷洒

up in the air and you inhale it, you can have that kind of reaction as well.

在空气中，而你吸入了它，你也会有这种反应。

Here's an example sentence,

这是一个例句，

"We need volunteers to help with these food trials, but if you have experienced

“我们需要志愿者来帮助进行这些食品试验，但如果您过去经历过

anaphylaxis in the past, I'm afraid you won't be able to take part."

过敏反应，恐怕您将无法参加。”

Now I'm hoping that none of you listening have ever experienced anaphylaxis.

现在我希望在座的各位都没有经历过过敏反应。

I can imagine it's quite a scary thing to deal with.

我可以想象这是一件非常可怕的事情。

But let's move on to our final piece, which is an idiom.

但让我们继续讨论最后一部分，这是一个习语。

And it is nip something in the bud.

它是将某些事情消灭在萌芽状态。

To nip something in the bud.

将某事消灭在萌芽状态。

This is nip.

这是咬。

N I P.

NI P.

Nip.

涅普。

Something in the bud.

某些东西正处于萌芽状态。

B U D.

BU D.

Bud.

巴德。

So, nip here means to cut or to bite and bud is representing something new,

所以，nip在这里的意思是剪或咬，而bud则代表新的东西，

like on a tree, a blossom tree in the spring before the flowers and the blossom

就像在一棵树上，一棵开花的树，在春天花开之前，花还

has come out, you'll see little buds.

没有开出来，你会看到小芽。

So, the little heads of the flowers before they open, that is a bud.

所以，花开之前的小头，那就是花蕾。

So, it's as something starts, we're going to bite it and

所以，当事情开始时，我们就要咬住它，

cut it off, nip it in the bud.

把它剪掉，把它消灭在萌芽状态。

So, the idiom means to stop something from progressing before it becomes established.

因此，这个习语的意思是在某事建立之前阻止其进展。

So, as something starts, you quickly cut it out just like with a flower.

所以，当某件事开始时，你很快就会把它剪掉，就像剪一朵花一样。

If you don't want it to flower, but you can see it starting, you

如果你不希望它开花，但你可以看到它开始绽放，你

can see the bud, you'd cut it off.

可以看到花蕾，你就会把它剪掉。

You nip it in the bud.

你把它消灭在萌芽状态。

And this is something that I use quite often.

这是我经常使用的东西。

If I see a behaviour or something happening that I don't like,

如果我看到我不喜欢的行为或事情发生，

and I don't want it to become something more, then I'd say,

并且我不希望它变得更多，那么我会说，

"We need to nip that in the bud."

“我们需要将其消灭在萌芽状态。”

If my sons start using bad words, for example which one of my children did

如果我的儿子开始说脏话，例如我的一个孩子有

come home and say a swear word the other day, quite innocently, he didn't

一天回家说了脏话，很天真，他不

know what he was really saying, but he said this swear word and I was like,

知道自己到底在说什么，但他说了这个脏话，我就很生气。就像，

"Ah!

Oh, we need to nip that in the bud.

“啊！

哦，我们需要将其消灭在萌芽状态。

I'm not having my children walking around swearing."

我不会让我的孩子到处说脏话。”

So, we told him very firmly that that was not acceptable, that we don't

所以，我们非常坚定地告诉他，这是不可接受的，我们不会

use those words, and I explained why.

使用这些词，我解释了原因。

But we nipped that in the bud.

但我们把它消灭在萌芽状态。

We nipped the swearing in the bud.

我们把脏话消灭在萌芽状态。

Here's another example,

这是另一个例子，

"The school really needs to nip this bullying in the bud before it

“学校确实需要在欺凌行为失控之前将其消灭在萌芽状态

gets out of hand, every child should feel safe when they go to school."

，每个孩子上学时都应该感到安全。”

Okay, so that's our five for today.

好的，这就是我们今天的五点。

Let's do a quick recap.

让我们快速回顾一下。

We started with the noun discomfort which is the feeling of slight pain, unease,

我们从名词不适开始，它是轻微疼痛、不安

or emotional or physical distress.

或情绪或身体痛苦

Then we had the adjective allergic.

的感觉 。 然后我们有了形容词过敏。

Allergic.

过敏。

When you have an allergy to something.

当你对某种东西过敏时。

Then we have the noun intolerance, which is where you're not really

然后我们有名词不耐受，指的是你无法真正

able to digest a certain type of food without it making you poorly

消化某种类型的食物，而不会让你

or feel uncomfortable, discomfort.

感到不舒服或不舒服。

Then we have the noun anaphylaxis, anaphylaxis, which is the

然后我们有名词过敏反应，过敏反应，这是

extreme reaction that you have to something you are allergic to.

你对过敏的东西所产生的极端反应。

And we finished with the idiom nip something in the bud, which is to

最后我们用了这个成语“nip Something in the bud”，意思是

stop something from progressing further and becoming more established.

阻止某件事进一步发展并变得更加成熟。

So, let's now do this for pronunciation.

那么，现在让我们这样做来发音。

Please repeat after me.

请跟着我重复一遍。

Discomfort.

不适。

Discomfort.

不适。

Allergic.

过敏。

Allergic.

过敏。

Intolerance.

不宽容。

Intolerance.

不宽容。

Anaphylaxis.

过敏反应。

Anaphylaxis.

过敏反应。

Nip something in the bud.

将某件事消灭在萌芽状态。

Nip something in the bud.

将某件事消灭在萌芽状态。

Very good.

非常好。

Okay, so let's now do a little bit of a quiz and see what you can remember.

好的，现在让我们做一个小测验，看看你能记住什么。

What is the term that we use to describe an extreme reaction to something?

我们用什么术语来描述对某事的极端反应？

Perhaps eating nuts makes your throat swell up and you can potentially die.

也许吃坚果会让你的喉咙肿胀，甚至可能导致死亡。

What is the noun that we use to describe this type of reaction?

我们用什么名词来描述这种类型的反应？

Anaphylaxis.

过敏反应。

Absolutely.

绝对地。

How about if you eat bread and every time you eat bread,

如果你吃面包，每次吃面包

it gives you a bloated tummy?

都会让你的肚子肿胀，怎么样？

It gives you a little bit of pain and makes you uncomfortable.

它会给你带来一点疼痛，让你不舒服。

You're not allergic to it, but you just don't digest it very well, generally.

你对它并不过敏，但一般来说你只是消化得不好。

What noun would you use to describe this problem that you have?

您会使用什么名词来描述您遇到的这个问题？

Intolerance.

不宽容。

You have an intolerance to bread.

你对面包不耐受。

That would be very unfortunate.

那将是非常不幸的。

And this feeling of slight pain you get because of this bread intolerance, what

由于这种面包不耐症，你会感到轻微的疼痛，

noun could you use instead of saying you have a slight pain, a slight ache?

你可以用什么名词来代替说你有轻微的疼痛，轻微的疼痛？

What could you say instead?

你能说什么？

You have...

你有……

discomfort.

不适。

Yes, because of your bread intolerance, you have discomfort,

是的，由于您对面包不耐受，您会感到不适，

but luckily you don't have to deal with anything like anaphylaxis.

但幸运的是您不必应对过敏反应之类的问题。

But you do discover while having some tests to see if you have an intolerance to

但您确实发现，在进行一些测试以确定您是否对

gluten in particular, you do discover that you have reactions when you drink milk.

麸质特别 不耐受时 ，您确实发现您在喝牛奶时会出现反应。

You could say what?

你能说什么？

What adjective do you have to milk?

牛奶有什么形容词？

You are what to milk?

你是要什么奶？

Allergic.

过敏。

You are allergic to milk.

你对牛奶过敏。

Oh my goodness.

哦，我的天啊。

Allergic to milk.

对牛奶过敏。

You have a gluten intolerance.

您有麸质不耐症。

You get discomfort every time you eat bread and pasta, but luckily you still

每次吃面包和面食时都会感到不适，但幸运的是您仍然

don't have to deal with anaphylaxis.

不必应对过敏反应。

That's fantastic.

这太妙了。

Now, for the last two weeks, your partner has come home with lots of delicious

现在，在过去的两周里，您的伴侣 从面包店

goodies from the bakery, including freshly-baked baguettes, and these

带回了许多美味 佳肴，包括新鲜出炉的法棍面包、这些

delicious olive loaves, and garlic bread.

美味的橄榄面包和大蒜面包。

And you can see that this is becoming a bit of a habit.

你可以看到这正在成为一种习惯。

Now you are intolerant to bread.

现在你对面包不耐受了。

You cannot eat bread without having discomfort.

吃面包时你不可能不感到不适。

You're not allergic to it, but still, it doesn't make you feel very good.

你对它并不过敏，但它仍然不会让你感觉很好。

So, you are going to have to stop this habit from becoming a weekly thing.

所以，你必须阻止这种习惯成为每周都会发生的事情。

What idiom could you use to describe having to stop this from establishing

你可以用什么成语来形容必须阻止这成为

as a regular part of your day routine?

你日常生活的一部分？

You're going to nip it in the bud.

你要把它消灭在萌芽状态。

Absolutely.

You're going to say to him,

绝对地。

你会对他说，

"Hey, listen, I've had some tests.

“嘿，听着，我做了一些测试。

I'm definitely suffering with a gluten intolerance and I'm allergic to milk.

我肯定患有麸质不耐症，而且我对牛奶过敏。

So, we're going to have to make some changes because I don't want to have to

所以，我们必须做出一些改变因为我不想

deal with discomfort on a regular basis.

经常应对不适。

And who knows, if you keep giving me all these things, I might

谁知道，如果你继续给我所有这些东西，我

end up dealing with anaphylaxis.

最终可能会出现过敏反应。

That's not what we want.

这不是我们想要的。

So, let's nip it in the bud right now and start eating a different type of diet.

所以，让我们把它消灭掉吧现在就开始吃不同类型的饮食。

Deal?

交易？

Deal!"

交易！”

Okay, let's bring them all together in a little story.

好吧，让我们把它们放在一个小故事里。

Have you ever had an allergic reaction to something?

您曾经对某些东西产生过敏反应吗？

Had a rash develop on your skin or struggled to breathe properly?

您的皮肤上是否出现皮疹或难以正常呼吸？

If so then you are just one of the 30-40% of people in the world who

如果是这样，那么您只是世界上 30-40%

suffer from some type of allergy.

患有某种过敏症的 人之一 。

That's a huge number, isn't it?

这是一个巨大的数字，不是吗？

Let me tell you about Adrian.

让我告诉你关于阿德里安的事。

Adrian suffers from an allergy to dairy and gluten.

阿德里安对乳制品和麸质过敏。

It's not just a mild discomfort or intolerance, it's a

这不仅仅是轻微的不适或不耐受，而是

full-blown allergic reaction.

全面的过敏反应。

And it's not easy to live with.

而且相处起来并不容易。

At home, Adrian can control his allergies well, it's when he goes

在家里，阿德里安可以很好地控制自己的过敏症，但当他外出时，

out that things can go wrong.

事情就会出问题。

Recently, Adrian and his girlfriend went to a local cafe and ordered a

最近，阿德里安和女友去当地一家咖啡馆点了一份

sandwich, a gluten-free sandwich, but as soon as he took a bite, he

三明治，无麸质三明治，但刚咬了一口，他

suddenly started to feel uneasy.

突然就开始感到不安。

It started with a tingling sensation in his mouth and throat.

一开始他的嘴和喉咙有刺痛感。

He knew something was wrong, but he brushed it off, thinking

他知道出了什么问题，但他没有理会，认为

it was just a minor reaction.

这只是一个轻微的反应。

Then, it hit him like a ton of bricks.

然后，就像一大块砖头一样砸在了他身上。

His throat started to close up and he could barely breathe.

他的喉咙开始堵塞，几乎无法呼吸。

His body was covered in hives and he felt like he was going to pass out.

他的身上长满了荨麻疹，他感觉自己快要昏过去了。

He knew this was not just discomfort, it was an anaphylactic shock.

他知道这不仅仅是不适，而是过敏性休克。

As Adrian lay on a hospital bed with the doctors and nurses rushing around him, in

当阿德里安躺在医院的病床上，医生和护士在他周围奔波时，

that moment, he was scared for his life.

那一刻，他为自己的生命感到恐惧。

He realised that he needed to nip this allergy in the

他意识到他需要

bud before it got any worse.

在病情恶化之前将这种过敏消灭在萌芽状态。

Luckily, Adrian had his EpiPen with him that day, and was able to use it in

幸运的是，阿德里安那天随身携带了肾上腺素笔，并且能够在

time before the ambulance got to him.

救护车到达他身边之前及时使用它。

The doctors told him that if he had waited any longer, it could have been fatal.

医生告诉他，如果再等下去，可能就会致命。

Living with allergies is not easy, but it's important to take them seriously.

患有过敏症并不容易，但认真对待它们很重要。

It's not just about avoiding certain foods, it's about being prepared

这不仅仅是要避免某些食物，还要

for any unexpected reactions.

为任何意外反应做好准备。

So, anyone out there who suffers from severe allergies, if you have an

因此，任何患有严重过敏症的人，如果您有

EpiPen, always carry it with you and be diligent in reading food labels.

EpiPen，请始终随身携带，并勤于阅读食品标签。

Don't take any chances, being prepared could just save your life.

不要冒险，做好准备可以挽救你的生命。

And that brings us to the end of today's episode.

今天这一集就到此结束了。

Remember, if you would like to take your learning further, then

请记住，如果您想进一步学习，那么

you can by becoming a Plus Member.

您可以通过成为 Plus 会员来实现。

Plus Members not only support this podcast and help us to continue producing

Plus 会员不仅支持此播客并帮助我们继续制作

regular content, but you also get access to all the Bonus Episodes along with

常规内容，而且您还可以访问所有奖励剧集以及

all the recent week's transcripts, as well as any vocabulary lists as well.

所有最近一周的成绩单以及任何词汇列表。

So, if you'd like to know more about Plus Membership, then check

因此，如果您想了解有关 Plus 会员资格的更多信息，请查看

out the link in the description.

说明中的链接。

Until next time, take very good care and goodbye.

直到下次，好好照顾并再见。