How to Use TO & FOR ⚡️English Prepositions | Common Grammar Mistakes

Well hey there! I'm Emma from mmmEnglish!

啊你好啊！我是mmmEnglish的Emma！

Welcome to my channel!

欢迎来到我的频道！

Notice that I said "Welcome to my channel"?

请注意，我说“欢迎来到我的频道”？

Not "Welcome for my channel"

不是“欢迎使用我的频道”

You're probably here for learning English, right?

你可能在这里学习英语，对吗？

To learn English, right?

要学英语，对吧？

Man, those little words 'to' and 'for', they're so tiny

男人，那些'to'和'for'的小词，它们太小了

but when they're used as prepositions in English

但是当它们被用作英语介词时

sentences, grammar can get quite confusing!

句子，语法可以搞得很混乱！

Can't it?

不是吗？

I'm sure that you've been confused by these words

我确信你对这些话感到困惑

at some point.

在某一点。

So in this lesson,

所以在本课中，

I'll go over them in a little detail

我会稍微详细介绍一下

so that you can feel more confident using them

这样你就可以更自信地使用它们

while you write, while you speak in English.

当你用英语说话的时候。

Prepositions in general are pretty easy to confuse.

介词一般很容易混淆。

For some of you, part of the problem is that

对于你们中的一些人来说，部分问题在于

with these prepositions, you're thinking about

有了这些介词，你在考虑

the way that you use them in your own language

你用自己的语言使用它们的方式

not how they're used in English and it can be different.

不是他们如何使用英语，它可能是不同的。

For example,

例如，

Spanish and Portuguese speakers often use

西班牙语和葡萄牙语的人经常使

the preposition 'en'

介词'en'

where in English we use both 'on' and 'in'.

在英语中我们使用'on'和'in'。

Two separate words with very different uses in English.

两个单独的单词，用英语有很大不同。

So part of the challenge when you're learning is

所以，当你学习时，挑战的一部分是

understanding how to use them separately in English

了解如何在英语中单独使用它们

and what the difference is, when to use one or the other.

什么不同，何时使用其中一个。

Some languages don't really rely on prepositions

有些语言并不真正依赖介词

much at all. I mean sometimes English prepositions

很多。我的意思是有时英语介词

don't have a lot of logic to them. They don't always

对他们没有太多的逻辑。他们并非总是如此

make sense. And for all of these reasons,

合理。由于所有这些原因，

English prepositions must be learned and practised

必须学习和练习英语介词

in context with other words.

在其他词语的背景下。

So we won't focus too much on each individual

所以我们不会过分关注每个人

preposition in this lesson.

本课中的介词。

We'll look at words that they're often used with.

我们将看看他们经常使用的单词。

And just before we get started, you might be interested

在我们开始之前，您可能会感兴趣

in some of the other lessons that I've made

在我做过的其他一些课程中

about prepositions. My playlist's up there.

关于介词。我的播放列表就在那里。

I've made lessons about in, on, at, by.

我已经在on，on，at，by上过课了。

Lots of other prepositions.

很多其他介词。

But back to these two prepositions

但回到这两个介词

we're talking about today.

我们今天在谈论。

Sometimes, using the wrong preposition doesn't affect

有时，使用错误的介词不会影响

the meaning of your sentence too much.

你的句子意思太多了。

Native speakers will recognise the mistake,

母语人士会认出这个错误，

but they probably won't correct you on it because

但他们可能不会纠正你，因为

they'll still understand you.

他们仍然会理解你。

But with these two prepositions, they can often be used

但是通过这两个介词，它们经常被使用

in place of each other and sometimes,

代替彼此，有时，

the meaning completely changes.

意思完全改变了。

So here's what I'm going to do in this lesson.

所以这就是我将在本课中做的事情。

I'm going to talk about the uses of 'to'.

我将谈谈'到'的用法。

I'm going to talk about the uses of 'for'.

我将谈谈'for'的用法。

And then I'm going to talk about the times

然后我要谈谈时代

when you could use either 'to' or 'for'.

当你可以使用'to'或'for'时。

And that's where things get a little confusing!

这就是事情变得有点混乱的地方！

Make sure you stick around until the end of the lesson

确保你坚持到课程结束

because later on, I'm going to teach you some common

因为以后，我会教你一些常见的

word collocations using 'to' and 'for'

单词搭配使用'to'和'for'

so you can stop guessing which one you need to use

所以你可以停止猜测你需要使用哪一个

and just know which is the right one.

并且只知道哪个是正确的。

And before we get started, make sure you subscribe

在我们开始之前，请确保您订阅

to the channel just by clicking that red button

只需单击该红色按钮即可进入该频道

down there so that you can keep up-to-date

在那里，以便您可以保持最新

with what's happening.

正在发生的事情。

Okay, let's start!

好的，我们开始吧！

When should you use the preposition 'to'?

你什么时候应该使用介词'to'？

So, you can use 'to' when there is some kind of

所以，当有某种东西时你可以使用'to'

movement from one place to another.

从一个地方移动到另一个地方。

Now keep in mind, this doesn't only relate to

现在请记住，这不仅与...有关

physical movement and action.

身体运动和行动。

It could also relate to other types of movement.

它还可能与其他类型的运动有关。

We can use 'to' when there's some kind of transfer

当有某种转移时，我们可以使用'to'

happening or something is being moved

正在发生或正在移动的东西

from one place to another - a destination.

从一个地方到另一个地方 - 一个目的地。

Something is being moved to somewhere or something.

有些事情正在转移到某个地方或某个地方。

Right?

对？

So there's movement, of course,

所以当然有运动

in the direction to work. The destination is work.

在工作的方向。目的地是工作。

Now I'm going to give you a few other examples

现在我将给你一些其他的例子

and I want you to pay attention to the destination

我希望你注意目的地

or the direction being described in each one.

或每个人描述的方向。

Now if you're talking about distance,

现在，如果你在谈论距离，

you should also use 'to',

你还应该使用'to'，

since distance is the length or the time

因为距离是长度或时间

from one place to another - to a destination.

从一个地方到另一个地方 - 到达目的地。

Now we also use 'to' when we're talking about

现在我们在谈论时也使用'to'

time and the amount of time between two points in time

时间和两个时间点之间的时间量

Of course, we use it when telling the time, right?

当然，我们在告诉时间时使用它，对吧？

When we're talking about one point in time

当我们谈论一个时间点时

to another point in time, we can also use 'to'

到了另一个时间点，我们也可以使用'到'

From this time to that time.

从这个时间到那个时候。

So this is a period from this time to that time.

所以这是从那个时代到那个时期。

That's the direction, that's the movement.

这就是方向，就是运动。

Now if there are two things and you'd like

现在，如果有两件事你想要

one of those things a little more than the other,

其中一件比另一件更多，

you prefer it, right?

你喜欢它，对吗？

You prefer one thing to the other.

你更喜欢另一件事。

I like chocolate ice cream more than vanilla.

我比香草更喜欢巧克力冰淇淋。

It's way better obviously!

这显然更好！

And I would rather have chocolate ice cream.

我宁愿吃巧克力冰淇淋。

Not me! I love coffee!

不是我！我爱咖啡！

Okay, what about you now? I want you to

好的，你呢？我要你去

tell me about some of your preferences

告诉我你的一些偏好

in the comments below.

在下面的评论中。

So make sure you're comparing two things

所以一定要比较两件事

and that you're using the preposition 'to'.

并且你正在使用介词'to'。

I prefer summer to winter, for example.

例如，我喜欢夏天到冬天。

Add it to the comments.

将其添加到评论中。

Now, we can also use 'to' to talk about the point

现在，我们也可以使用'to'来谈谈这一点

where something finishes or ends.

某事完成或结束的地方。

It's the limit that you can't go past.

这是你无法超越的极限。

So in this situation, talking about limits,

所以在这种情况下，谈论限制，

you may also hear the phrasal verb 'up to'

你也可以听到短语动词'up to'

The water came up to my knees.

水涨到了我的膝盖。

during the high season.

在旺季期间。

Okay I want to check you've been paying attention.

好的，我想检查你一直在关注。

Okay? Time for a quick quiz.

好的？快速测验的时间。

What are the four different situations where

四种不同的情况是什么？

we commonly see the preposition 'to' being used?

我们通常会看到介词“使用”？

The four situations that I just talked about.

我刚才谈到的四种情况。

Write them in the comments.

在评论中写下它们。

Quickly! You've got ten seconds!

很快！你有十秒钟！

Direction or destination.

方向或目的地。

Time.

时间。

The time between two points.

两点之间的时间。

Preference.

偏爱。

And the limit or the endpoint of something.

某事的极限或终点。

Right?

对？

Nice!

太好了！

Let's check out what 'for' is used for now.

让我们来看看现在使用的'for'是什么。

So we can talk about benefits using 'for'.

所以我们可以用'for'谈谈好处。

The positive effects or results of something.

某事的积极影响或结果。

So we can use 'for'.

所以我们可以使用'for'。

For example, one of the benefits of eating ginger

例如，吃生姜的好处之一

is that it helps your immune system.

是它有助于你的免疫系统。

So..

所以..

Right? That's a benefit.

对？这是一个好处。

We also use 'for' to talk about time.

我们也用'for'来谈论时间。

We use it when we're doing something over a

当我们做一些事情时，我们会使用它

period of time.

一段的时间。

So when something has happened for a number of

所以，当一些事情发生时

hours, days, weeks, months, years..

小时，天，周，月，年......

you get the idea, right?

你明白了，对吧？

We do something for a duration,

我们做了一段时间的事情，

a period of time.

一段时间。

Wait a second.

等一等。

Notice how all of those examples are using

注意所有这些示例是如何使用的

the perfect tense?

完美时态？

'For' is often used when talking about time in this way.

当以这种方式谈论时间时，经常会使用'For'。

You can actually check the lesson that I made about

你实际上可以查看我所做的课程

the present perfect tense and using 'for' and 'since'

目前的完成时和使用'for'和'since'

right here.

就在这儿。

I'll link to it at the end of this lesson as well

我也会在本课结束时链接到它

so you can keep watching this one now.

所以你现在可以继续观看这个。

If you do something to help someone out

如果你做某事来帮助别人

or do something nice,

或做一些不错的事，

then you are doing something for them.

然后你正在为他们做点什么。

You'll see from these examples that

你会从这些例子中看到

this is an important one to know

这是一个重要的人都知道

so that you can ask someone for a favour.

这样你就可以请别人帮忙。

"Can you please do something for me?"

“你能为我做些什么吗？”

This is a helpful phrase, right? A helpful one to know.

这是一个有用的短语，对吗？一个有用的人知道。

It's a really common expression.

这是一个非常普遍的表达方式。

Can you help me? Can you do something for me?

你能帮助我吗？你能帮我个忙吗？

What's this thing's purpose?

这件事的目的是什么？

What's its function?

它的功能是什么？

What's it used for?

它用于什么？

Well it's used for drinking and filling up with water.

好吧，它用于饮用和填充水。

Remember that we use 'for' when we're talking about

请记住，当我们谈论时，我们使用'for'

a function or a use.

功能或用途。

We use the form 'for' plus verb -ing

我们使用'for'形式加上动词

It's used for drinking.

它用于饮用。

It's used for taking.

它用于拍摄。

It's used for driving.

它用于驾驶。

So notice how the verb -ing form

请注意动词形式如何

is always following 'for'.

总是跟着'为'。

Okay things are about to get a little trickier

好的事情即将变得有点棘手

during this lesson

在本课期间

but before we do, I want to check that you've been

但在我们做之前，我想检查一下你去过

paying attention again.

再次关注。

We're going to recap on the different uses of 'for'.

我们将回顾'for'的不同用法。

Can you remember them all?

你还记得他们吗？

Write them down in the comments quickly.

快速将它们写在评论中。

You've got ten seconds!

你有十秒钟！

We talked about the benefits, the duration

我们谈到了好处，持续时间

or a period of time.

或一段时间。

We talked about helping someone and we talked about

我们谈过帮助某人而我们谈论过

the function and the use of something, right?

功能和使用的东西吧？

So all of those situations were ones where you can use

因此，所有这些情况都是您可以使用的情况

'to' or 'for. It's not a complete list.

'to'或'for。这不是一个完整的清单。

There are some other uses as well but they are

还有一些其他用途，但它们是

definitely the most common ones.

绝对是最常见的。

Now another very common use for these prepositions

现在这些介词的另一个非常常见的用途

is one where both of them can be used,

是一个可以使用它们的人，

both 'to' and 'for' can be used

可以使用'to'和'for'

which is where things get a little trickier.

这是事情变得有点棘手的地方。

You can use both 'to' and 'for'

你可以同时使用'to'和'for'

to talk about a reason or a motive.

谈论一个原因或动机。

So that is to talk about why

那就是谈论原因

someone is doing something,

有人做某事，

for what reason are they doing it?

他们为什么这么做？

But in this case, they are not interchangeable.

但在这种情况下，它们不可互换。

You can't use either one in the same way

你不能以同样的方式使用任何一个

but luckily, luckily there are some simple rules

但幸运的是，幸运的是有一些简单的规则

to remember that will help you to use them correctly.

要记住，这将帮助您正确使用它们。

Use 'to' when the motive or the reason is a verb

当动机或原因是动词时使用'to'

and use 'for' when the motive or a reason is a noun.

当动机或理由是名词时使用'for'。

Make sure you write that down, that's a super tip!

确保你写下来，这是一个超级小费！

Let's check it out.

让我们来看看。

'apply' is a verb

'apply'是一个动词

so we use 'to'.

所以我们使用'to'。

Now 'work' here is a noun so we use 'for'.

现在'work'在这里是一个名词所以我们使用'for'。

So you've seen lots of common situations

所以你已经看到了很多常见的情况

where we can use 'to' and 'for'

在哪里可以使用'to'和'for'

but now let's look at a few examples where

但现在让我们看几个例子

you can use 'to' or 'for'.

你可以使用'to'或'for'。

Both of them can be used correctly

它们都可以正确使用

but the meaning of each sentence changes

但每个句子的意思都在变化

so this is where you have to be a little careful, okay?

所以这是你必须要小心的地方，好吗？

Okay now remember, 'to' is used to talk about

好的，现在记住，'to'用来谈论

destination or direction,

目的地或方向，

where there's movement involved.

涉及运动的地方。

So in this example, 'lunch' is coming to me.

所以在这个例子中，“午餐”即将来临。

I'm the destination for lunch.

我是午餐的目的地。

My assistant physically carried the lunch

我的助手身体上带着午餐

and delivered it to me.

并把它交给我。

Now

现在

So remember, 'for' is used to do something nice

所以请记住，'for'用于做一些好事

for someone, right? Or to help someone with something.

对某人，对吗？或者帮助某人做某事。

My boss brought it to me

我的老板把它带给了我

because he wanted to do something nice for me.

因为他想为我做点好事。

Both of those sentences are grammatically correct

这两个句子在语法上都是正确的

but using 'for' or 'to' changes the meaning, right?

但使用'for'或'to'来改变含义，对吧？

So you've got to be careful!

所以你必须要小心！

So 'to' helps us to understand the direction of the action,

所以'to'帮助我们理解行动的方向，

the destination of my phone call.

我打电话的目的地。

I called and my mum received my phone call.

我打电话给我的妈妈接到了我的电话。

Now,

现在，

I'm doing her a favour now, aren't I? I'm helping her.

我现在正在帮她一个忙，不是吗？我在帮她。

I'm making a call to someone else because

我打电话给别人是因为

maybe my mum couldn't call them or maybe she didn't

也许我的妈妈不能打电话给他们，也许她没有

want to for some reason

想要出于某种原因

so I called that person for her to help her, right?

所以我打电话给那个人帮她，对吗？

Now there's a bunch of different situations

现在有很多不同的情况

where you can use 'to' and 'for', but really,

在哪里可以使用'to'和'for'，但实际上，

trying to memorise all of those situations is a pretty

试图记住所有这些情况是非常好的

difficult way to learn them.

学习它们的困难方法。

There are just too many and it becomes really difficult

有太多而且变得非常困难

and confusing to try and remember them all.

并且混淆尝试记住它们。

Now, back at the start of this lesson, I said that learning

现在，回到本课开始，我说学习

to use prepositions in context is really important.

在上下文中使用介词非常重要。

It's the best way to learn to use prepositions correctly

这是学习正确使用介词的最佳方法

in English. Learning common collocations is going to be

用英语讲。学习共同的搭配将会是

really useful for you.

对你真的很有用。

Like I said, it's best to learn prepositions with the verb

就像我说的那样，最好用动词来学习介词

or the noun that they're commonly used with.

或者他们常用的名词。

Have you heard of collocations before?

你以前听说过搭配吗？

It means when words are often together in a sentence.

这意味着单词通常在一个句子中。

They appear often in that way

它们经常以这种方式出现

and so you'll often hear them together, they sound right.

所以你经常会一起听到它们，听起来是对的。

They sound natural.

听起来很自然。

And if they're used incorrectly,

如果他们使用不当，

they kind of sound weird or wrong.

他们听起来有些奇怪或错误。

So memorising or becoming familiar with collocations

所以记住或熟悉搭配

is a really good strategy to help you remember

是一个非常好的策略，可以帮助你记住

which preposition is the right one to use.

介词是正确的介词。

So do you want some examples?

所以你想要一些例子吗？

Let's talk about some now.

我们现在谈谈一些。

So with this verb, 'apologise',

所以用这个动词，'道歉'，

both prepositions can be used

两个介词都可以使用

but with different results.

但结果不同。

We can apologise for something, the action.

我们可以为某些事情道歉，行动。

Or we can apologise to someone,

或者我们可以向某人道歉，

so that's the person receiving the apology.

这是接受道歉的人。

Okay? So you're sorry for missing the meeting

好的？所以你很遗憾错过了会议

but you need to apologise to your boss.

但你需要向你的老板道歉。

Your boss is the person that you need to apologise to.

你的老板是你需要道歉的人。

So try to remember these collocations next time

所以下次尝试记住这些搭配

you do something wrong, right?

你做错了什么，对吧？

When you've messed up and you've made a mistake.

当你搞砸了，你犯了一个错误。

Try testing them out. You apologise to someone

尝试测试它们。你向某人道歉

or you apologise for something.

或者你为某事道歉。

Now we also travel to somewhere, right?

现在我们也去了某个地方，对吗？

Okay we use 'travel to' but we also use 'travel for'

好的，我们使用'旅行'但我们也使用'旅行'

when we're talking about a purpose or even a time.

当我们谈论一个目的甚至一个时间。

or

要么

For the purpose of work, right?

为了工作，对吗？

You apply for something, right?

你申请的东西，对吗？

But we can also apply to a person, okay?

但我们也可以申请一个人，好吗？

We ask for something, right?

我们要求一些东西，对吗？

If you need it. Ask for help.

如果你需要它。请求帮忙。

We use 'belong to' when we're talking about ownership

当我们谈论所有权时，我们使用'属于'

or being part of something, right?

或成为某事的一部分，对吗？

Notice that we don't use 'belong for', right?

请注意，我们不使用'属于'，对吗？

We also care for something or someone.

我们也关心某事或某人。

We prepare for something, right?

我们准备好了什么，对吗？

There's a lot of people coming around.

有很多人到处走走。

Now we use 'wait for' something or someone, right?

现在我们使用'等待'某事或某人，对吗？

'Wait for' with a noun.

用名词'等待'。

It's taking ages!

这需要很长时间！

All right, we're waiting for something

好吧，我们正等着什么

but we can also wait to do something.

但我们也可以等待做点什么。

Okay we can wait to buy, you know. So 'wait to'

好的，我们可以等你买，你知道。所以'等到'

is followed by a verb.

之后是动词。

If you can learn and remember some of those

如果你能学习并记住其中的一些

collocations that we just talked about,

我们刚才谈到的搭配，

they're really common. They occur all the time.

他们真的很普通。它们一直在发生。

Well then you'll be so much closer to using

那么你将更加接近使用

the prepositions 'to' and 'for' like a total pro!

介词'to'和'for'就像一个专业人士！

Actually, why don't you give that a go right now?

实际上，你为什么不立刻给它一个机会呢？

Right now! Practice makes perfect, right?

马上！实践是完美的，对吧？

So in the comments, pick a few of those common

所以在评论中，选择一些常见的

collocations, the ones that we just talked about.

搭配，我们刚才谈到的那些。

Maybe challenge yourself a little

也许挑战自己一点

by picking the ones that you

通过选择那些你

haven't heard very much or

没有听到太多或

you don't use very much yourself.

你自己用得不多。

But write a few sentences in the comments below.

但请在下面的评论中写几句话。

I'll be checking to see if you've got them right

我会检查你是否正确

and give you some feedback if you need it okay?

如果你需要，可以给你一些反馈吗？

Thanks for joining me today! Make sure you subscribe

谢谢你今天加入我吧！请务必订阅

if you haven't already and send me a little message

如果你还没有给我发一点信息

down below and say hi.

下面打个招呼。

If you want to keep practising though, of course,

当然，如果你想继续练习，

you want to keep practising, right?

你想继续练习吧？

Check out this lesson here or this one

在这里或本课程中查看本课程

is the present perfect lesson that I mentioned earlier

是我之前提到的现在的完美课程

where I talk a bit more about using 'for'

在哪里我谈谈使用'for'

Okay? 'for' and 'since'.

好的？ 'for'和'since'。

I'll see you in the next lesson!

我会在下一课中见到你！