The Standing Rock resistance and our fight for indigenous rights | Tara Houska

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Tammy Yuting Chiang

（奧傑布瓦語）你們好！

[Ojibwe: Hello.

My English name is Tara; my Native name is Zhaabowekwe.

我的英文名字是塔拉， 族語名字是札寶威奎。

I am of Couchiching First Nation; my clan is bear.

我是庫契欽第一民族中的熊族，

I was born under the Maple Sapping Moon.]

我在春天的第一個滿月 （楓糖月）時出生。

My name is Tara Houska,

（英語）我叫塔拉．豪斯卡，

I'm bear clan from Couchiching First Nation,

我是庫契欽第一民族中的熊族，

I was born under the Maple Sapping Moon in International Falls, Minnesota,

我在春天的第一個滿月時 出生於明尼蘇達國際瀑布城。

and I'm happy to be here with all of you.

很開心能與你們齊聚一堂。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Trauma of indigenous peoples has trickled through the generations.

原住民族的創傷 已經流淌過了數個世代，

Centuries of oppression, of isolation, of invisibility,

幾世紀以來的壓迫、孤立與忽視，

have led to a muddled understanding of who we are today.

造成現今族群認同的迷惘。

In 2017, we face this mixture of Indians in headdresses

到了 2017 年， 我們看到了印第安頭飾的混用

going across the plains

傳遍美洲大平原；

but also the drunk sitting on a porch somewhere you never heard of,

但同時，在你從未聽過的地方， 也有人醉倒在門廊上，

living off government handouts and casino money.

靠著政府補助和賭博賺來的錢維生。

(Sighs)

（嘆氣）

It's really, really hard.

這是一件非常、非常棘手的事。

It's very, very difficult to be in these shoes,

這對我而言非常艱難， 尤其身為原住民族的一份子、

to stand here as a product of genocide survival, of genocide.

身為種族屠殺倖存者的產物， 站在這裡，很不容易。

We face this constant barrage of unteaching the accepted narrative.

我們不斷受到認知被扭曲的轟炸，

87 percent of references in textbooks, children's textbooks, to Native Americans

教科書、學童用書中 提及美國原住民族的部分，

87% 來自二十世紀以前的資料。

are pre-1900s.

Only half of the US states mention more than a single tribe,

美國各州中，只有一半 會提及一個以上的部落；

and just four states mention the boarding-school era,

只有四個州，提及寄宿學校時代，

the era that was responsible for my grandmother

這個時代，造成我的祖母、

and her brothers and sisters

她的兄弟姐妹

having their language and culture beaten out of them.

被迫失去了他們的語言及文化。

When you aren't viewed as real people,

當你不被當成真正的人來看待，

it's a lot easier to run over your rights.

他們要踐踏你的權利， 就變得非常容易。

Four years ago, I moved to Washington, DC.

四年前，我搬到華盛頓特區。

I had finished school and I was there to be a tribal attorney

那時，我完成學業， 到那裡去當部落律師，

and represent tribes across the nation, representing on the Hill,

代表全國各地的部落， 在國會山莊擔任代表，

and I saw immediately why racist imagery matters.

我隨即明白為何種族意象事關重大。

I moved there during football season, of all times.

我搬到那裡時，正值美式足球季，

And so it was the daily slew of Indian heads

每天都有很多印第安人的頭， （註：華盛頓是紅人隊）

and this "redskin" slur everywhere,

到處充斥著「紅皮膚」這個辱稱。

while my job was going up on the Hill

而我的工作是要去國會山莊，

and trying to lobby for hospitals, for funding for schools,

為醫院、學校資金、基礎政府服務

進行遊說。

for basic government services,

and being told again and again

我一再被告知：

that Indian people were incapable of managing our own affairs.

印第安人沒有能力管理自己的事務。

When you aren't viewed as real people,

當你不被當真正的人看待，

it's a lot easier to run over your rights.

他們要踐踏你的權利， 就變得非常容易。

And last August, I went out to Standing Rock Sioux Reservation.

去年八月，我去了立巖地區 蘇族印第安原住民保留地，

I saw resistance happening.

我親眼看到反抗行動，

We were standing up.

我們站起來了。

There were youth that had run 2,000 miles from Cannonball, North Dakota

有年輕人跑了兩千英哩路， 從坎農博爾、北達科他，

all the way out to Washington, DC, with a message for President Obama:

一路到華盛頓特區， 將訊息帶給歐巴馬總統：

"Please intervene.

「請介入，

Please do something.

請做點什麼，

Help us."

幫助我們。」

And I went out, and I heard the call,

我走出去，我聽見了呼喊，

and so did thousands of people around the world.

全世界數以千計的人也聽見了。

Why did this resonate with so many people?

為什麼這麼多人會對此產生共鳴？

Indigenous peoples are impacted first and worst by climate change.

原住民族是最先受到氣候變遷影響， 且影響最大的族群；

We are impacted first and worst by the fossil-fuel industry.

我們是最先受到化石燃料產業影響， 且影響最大的族群。

Here in Louisiana, the first US climate change refugees exist.

美國首批氣候變遷難民 就在這裡，路易斯安那州，

They are Native people

他們是原住民族人，

being pushed off their homelands from rising sea levels.

因為海平面上升，被迫離開家園；

That's our reality, that's what we live.

這就是我們的現實、我們的生活。

And with these projects comes a slew of human costs

這些計畫帶來了大量的人力成本，

that people don't think about:

大家卻沒去思考：

thousands of workers influxing to build these pipelines,

數以千計的工人湧入， 來建造這些管線，

to build and extract from the earth,

來建造、抽取地下資源，

bringing crime and sex trafficking and violence with them.

他們同時帶來了犯罪、 性交易、暴力。

Missing and murdered indigenous women in Canada

在加拿大，失蹤、 遭受謀殺的原住民族女性

has become so significant it's spawned a movement

實在太多了， 人們因此發起抗議

and a national inquiry.

及全國性的調查行動。

Thousands of Native women who have disappeared,

有數以千計的原住民族女性失蹤、

who have been murdered.

遭受謀殺。

And here in the US, we don't even track that.

在美國，我們甚至不會去追究，

We are instead left with an understanding

我們得到的反而是：

that our Supreme Court, the United States Supreme Court,

我們的最高法院，美國最高法院，

stripped us, in 1978, of the right to prosecute at the same rate

在 1978 年奪去了我們的權利，

讓我們無法和美國其他地方 有一樣的起訴率。

as anywhere else in the United States.

So as a non-Native person you can walk onto a reservation and rape someone

因此，一個非原住民者 大可以到保留區裡、強暴某個人，

and that tribe is without the same level

而那個部落並沒有

of prosecutorial ability as everywhere else,

和其他地方相同的起訴權利，

and the Federal Government declines these cases 40 percent of the time.

且 40% 的案子會被聯邦政府拒絕；

It used to be 76 percent of the time.

以前是 76% 的機率。

One in three Native women are raped in her lifetime.

三分之一的原住民族女性， 在一生中有遭受強暴的經驗。

One in three.

三個人當中就有一個。

But in Standing Rock, you could feel the energy in the air.

但在立巖地區， 你可以感覺到空氣中的能量，

You could feel the resistance happening.

你可以感覺到抵抗正在發生。

People were standing and saying, "No more.

大家站出來說：「到此為止，

Enough is enough.

已經夠了。

We will put our bodies in front of the machines

我們會以肉身阻擋機器，

to stop this project from happening.

來阻止這個計畫實現。

Our lives matter.

我們的生命非常重要，

Our children's lives matter."

我們孩子的生命非常重要。」

And thousands of allies came to stand with us from around the world.

全世界數以千計的盟友 前來和我們並肩作戰，

It was incredible, it was incredible to stand together, united as one.

那很不可思議。站在一起、 同心協力的感覺，很不可思議。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

In my time there,

我在那裡的時候，

I saw Natives being chased on horseback by police officers shooting at them,

我看到原住民族人 騎在馬背上，被警察開槍追趕。

history playing out in front of my eyes.

歷史就在我眼前上演。

I myself was put into a dog kennel when I was arrested.

我自己被逮捕的時候， 被丟到狗籠裡，

But funny story, actually, of being put into a dog kennel.

但其實在狗籠裡的故事還蠻好笑的，

So we're in this big wire kennel with all these people,

我們一群人被關在大鐵籠裡，

and the police officers are there and we're there,

警察在那裡，我們在那裡，

and we start howling like dogs.

然後我們開始學狗嚎叫。

You're going to treat us like dogs? We're going to act like dogs.

你們要把我們當狗來對待嗎？ 那我們就當狗給你看！

But that's the resilience we have.

這就是我們的韌性。

All these horrific images playing out in front of us,

在我們面前盡是這些可怕的影像；

being an indigenous person pushed off of Native lands again in 2017.

身為原住民族人， 在 2017 年，我們再次被趕出家園，

But there was such beauty.

但這其中也有美的存在。

On one of the days that we faced a line of hundreds of police officers

抗爭的某一天， 我們面對一整排數百名的警察，

pushing us back, pushing us off indigenous lands,

他們把我們向後推， 將我們推出故土。

there were those teenagers out on horseback across the plains.

那時，有一些青少年 騎著馬穿越平原，

They were herding hundreds of buffalo towards us,

他們把數百頭野牛趕向我們，

and we were crying out, calling, "Please turn, please turn."

我們大聲疾呼： 「請轉向，請轉向！」

And we watched the buffalo come towards us,

然後，我們看著野牛朝我們過來，

and for a moment, everything stopped.

在那一刻，一切都靜止了。

The police stopped, we stopped,

警察停了下來，我們也停了下來。

and we just saw this beautiful, amazing moment of remembrance.

我們就這樣看著這美麗、 驚人、令人難以忘懷的時刻，

And we were empowered. We were so empowered.

我們因此獲得力量， 我們充滿著力量。

I interviewed a woman who had, on one day --

我訪問過一位女性，她在某一天──

September 2nd,

九月二日那一天，

the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation had told the courts --

立巖地區蘇族保留地告訴法庭──

there's an ongoing lawsuit right now --

他們現在正持續在打官司──

they told the courts,

他們告訴法庭：

"Here is a sacred site that's in the direct path of the pipeline."

「管線的路徑正好 經過一處神聖之地。」

On September 3rd, the following day,

九月三日，也就是隔天，

Dakota Access, LLC skipped 25 miles ahead in its construction,

達科他輸油管公司（Dakota Access） 跳過了 25 英哩的建設進度，

to destroy that site.

搶先把那處神聖之地摧毀。

And when that happened, the people in camp rushed up to stop this,

事件發生時，在營區 待命的人趕忙前去阻止，

and they were met with attack dogs,

他們遭受狗群攻擊。

people, private security officers, wielding attack dogs in [2016].

私人安保人員放出猛犬攻擊人， 那時是 2017 年。

But I interviewed one of the women,

但我訪問了其中一位女性，

who had been bitten on the breast by one of these dogs,

她的胸部被其中一隻狗咬傷，

and the ferocity and strength of her

而她的強悍和力量

was incredible,

很不可思議。

and she's out right now in another resistance camp,

她現在已經復出， 在另一個抗爭營區，

the same resistance camp I'm part of,

也就是我參加的陣營：

fighting Line 3, another pipeline project in my people's homelands,

對抗三號線，那是在我族 土地上的另一個管線計畫，

wanting 900,000 barrels of tar sands per day

規劃一天九十萬桶的油砂運輸量，

through the headwaters of the Mississippi to the shore of Lake Superior

通過密西西比河上游， 到蘇必略湖湖岸，

and through all the Treaty territories along the way.

並一路穿越位於 該區域的原住民協定領地。

But this woman's out there and we're all out there standing together,

但這位女性仍在那裡， 我們全都在那裡，並肩作戰，

because we are resilient, we are fierce,

因為我們韌性很強，我們很強悍，

and we are teaching people how to reconnect to the earth,

我們在教導人們 如何和地球重新連結，

remembering where we come from.

我們記得自己來自何處，

So much of society has forgotten this.

社會大眾多已經忘了這一點。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

That food you eat comes from somewhere.

你們吃的食物來自某處，

The tap water you drink comes from somewhere.

你們喝的自來水來自某處。

We're trying to remember, teach,

我們在試著記得、教導，

because we know, we still remember.

因為我們知道，我們仍然記得，

It's in our plants, in our medicines, in our lives,

它就蘊藏在我們的植物中、 藥品中，在我們的生活之中，

every single day.

每一天都在。

I brought this out to show.

我帶了這個來跟你們分享。

(Rattling)

（咯咯聲）

This is cultural survival.

這是個文化遺物，

This is from a time that it was illegal

它從歷史中倖存下來，

從那個美國原住民文化習俗 被法令禁止的時代倖存下來。

to practice indigenous cultures in the United States.

This was cultural survival hidden in plain sight.

當時，它因為毫不起眼而留存。

This was a baby's rattle.

這是嬰兒手搖鈴。

That's what they told the Indian agents when they came in.

當時，印第安事務官 來盤查時，他們就是這麼呈報的：

It was a baby's rattle.

嬰兒手搖鈴。

But it's incredible what you can do when you stand together.

但當人們並肩團結時， 所能做到的事是很驚人的。

It's incredible, the power that we have when we stand together,

當我們團結一致時， 我們擁有驚人的力量。

human resistance, people having this power,

人類的頑強，就是我們的力量。

some of the most oppressed people you can possibly imagine

那些你所能想到、 受到最多壓迫的人，

costing this company hundreds of millions of dollars,

實際上已造成 這間公司損失數億美元。

and now our divestment efforts, focusing on the banks behind these projects,

現在，我們把努力的焦點放在 支持這些計畫的銀行，使他們撤資，

costing them billions of dollars.

造成他們數十億美元的損失。

Five billion dollars we've cost them so far,

目前，我們和銀行聯手，

已經讓他們損失五十億美元。

hanging out with banks.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So what can you do?

那，你們能做什麼呢？

How can you help?

你們能幫上什麼忙呢？

How can you change the conversation

你們能怎麼做來和這些

for extremely oppressed and forgotten people?

極度受迫並被遺忘的族群 開啟新的對話？

Education is foundational.

教育是基礎，

Education shapes our children. It shapes the way we teach.

教育形塑我們的孩童、 我們的教導方式，

It shapes the way we learn.

也形塑我們的學習方式。

In Washington State,

在華盛頓州，

they've made the teaching of treaties and modern Native people

他們將原住民條約及原住民族人現況

mandatory in school curriculum.

納入學校必修課程。

That is systems change.

這是體制的改變。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

When your elected officials are appropriating their budgets,

當你們選出的官員 在編列他們的預算時，

ask them: Are you fulfilling treaty obligations?

問他們：你們兑現了條約的義務嗎？

Treaties have been broken since the day they were signed.

這些條約在簽訂的那天， 就已經被違反了。

Are you meeting those requirements?

你們符合這些規定嗎？

That would change our lives, if treaties were actually upheld.

如果條約確實地被伸張， 那將會改變我們的生活。

Those documents were signed.

我們確實已經簽署了那些文件，

Somehow, we live in this world where, in 2017,

不知怎麼地，在 2017 年， 我們居住的這個世界裡，

the US Constitution is held up as the supreme law of the land, right?

美國憲法被視為 這塊土地的至上法律，對吧？

But when I talk about treaty rights, I'm crazy.

但當我談論條約權利，我會很瘋狂。

That's crazy.

那很瘋狂。

Treaties are the supreme law of the land,

條約才是這塊土地的至上法律，

and that would change so much,

那將帶來很大的改變，

if you actually asked your representative officials

如果你們確實要求民意代表

to appropriate those budgets.

編列那些預算，

And take your money out of the banks.

還有，把你們的錢從銀行領出來，

That's huge. It makes a huge difference.

這些舉動意義重大， 將會帶來很大的不同。

Stand with us, empathize,

與我們並肩吧，展現同理心、

learn, grow, change the conversation.

學習、成長、開啟新的對話。

Forty percent of Native people are under the age of 24.

24 歲以下的人佔了 原住民族人口的 40%，

We are the fastest-growing demographic in the United States.

我們是美國人口中 成長最快速的族群。

We are doctors, we are lawyers,

我們是醫生，我們是律師；

we are teachers, we are scientists,

我們是老師，我們是科學家；

we are engineers.

我們是工程師；

We are medicine men, we are medicine women,

我們是男巫醫，我們是女巫醫；

we are sun dancers, we are pipe carriers,

我們是日舞者、神聖煙斗肩負者； （註：日舞為一種祭祀舞蹈儀式）

we are traditional language speakers.

我們是說傳統語言的人。

And we are still here.

而我們還在這裡。

Miigwech.

（奧傑布瓦語）謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）