A practical way to help the homeless find work and safety | Richard J. Berry

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: NAN-KUN WU

So, raise your hand if you've seen somebody in your city

若你曾經在你的城市中， 看過一個人站在街角拿著

standing on a corner, holding a sign like this.

這樣的標語，請舉手。 （標語：想要一個工作）

I think we all have.

我想我們都看過。

If you're being honest,

老實說，你可曾

at least one time, have you wondered if they mean it?

至少有一次好奇過， 他們是否是說真的？

If we offered them a job, would they really take it?

如果我們提供他們工作， 他們真的會接受嗎？

And what would that job mean to them in their lives?

在他們的生命中， 那工作對他們有何意義？

Well, this is a story about what happened in my city

這個故事，是發生在 我的城市中的狀況，

when we decided to find out,

背景是，我們決定去查明，

when we decided to think differently about panhandling,

我們決定以不同的方式看待乞討，

and lift people up through the dignity of work.

並透過工作的尊嚴讓人們振作起來。

We call it, "There's a Better Way."

我們稱之為「有更好的方式」。

We call it There's a Better Way

我們之所以取這個名字，

because I believe there's a better way to get the money you need

是因為我相信，比起在街角乞討，

than panhandling on the corner.

還有更好的方式 可以得到你需要的錢。

I believe there's a better way to help your brothers and sisters in need

我相信，比起從車窗遞出幾塊錢，

than handing a few dollars out the car window.

還有更好的方式 可以協助有需要的同胞們。

We know there's dignity in work.

我們知道在工作中有尊嚴。

We also know that people are much more likely to invest in themselves

我們也知道，人們比較 有可能會投資他們自己，

if they believe that their community is willing to invest in them first.

如果他們相信他們的社區 願意先投資他們。

And because we're all wired to be kind and compassionate,

因為我們生來都很仁慈有同情心，

it always feels good to hand a couple of dollars to someone

給有需要的人幾塊錢，

that is in need.

總是感覺很好。

But if you talk to panhandlers, many of them will tell you

但若你去和乞討者談， 他們當中許多人會告訴你

that your few dollars don't necessarily go towards feeding the body,

你的那幾塊錢不見得 會被用來買吃的，

they go towards feeding an addiction.

而會被用來滿足其他的癮。

There's a better way.

是有更好的方式的。

My name is Richard Berry,

我叫理查貝瑞，

and I have one of the best jobs in the world.

我有世界上最棒的工作之一，

I get to be the mayor of a great American city,

我是美國一個很棒的城市的市長，

Albuquerque, New Mexico.

新墨西哥州的阿布奎基市。

I was at lunch on July 17, 2015, in my great American city,

2015 年 7 月 17 日，我在這 很棒的美國城市中吃午餐，

and on my way back to city hall,

在我回市政大廳的路上，

I saw this gentleman standing on a corner.

我看到這個男子站在路口。

As you can see, he's holding a sign,

你們可以看見，他手上有個標語，

and his sign says he wants a job.

寫著他想要一份工作。

But if you look closer at the picture,

但如果你再近一點看這張圖，

you'll see he's standing underneath a blue sign,

會發現他站在一個藍色標誌下，

and that sign says, if you need help, if you need food or shelter

那個標誌說，如果你需要協助、 如果你需要食物或庇護所，

or you'd like to donate,

或你想要捐錢，

please call 311, our community service number.

請播打 311，這是 我們的社區服務電話。

So why is this guy standing underneath my sign with his sign?

為什麼這個人要拿著他的標誌， 站在我的標誌下？

Well, we wondered if anybody would call that 311 sign,

我們想知道是否有人會 看到標誌而打 311，

and as it turns out, they did --

結果是，的確會──

11,000 times people called.

一共有 11,000 人次播打。

I put those up in about 30 intersections.

我在約 30 個路口放了那標誌。

And we did connect them with food and shelter and services.

我們也的確提供食物、 庇護所、及服務給他們。

But yet he's still standing under my sign

但他仍然站在我的標誌下，

with a sign that says he wants a job.

拿著一個說他想要工作的標誌。

It's simple: he wants a job.

答案很簡單：他想要工作。

So I decided to do something rare in government.

所以我決定做一件 在政府中很罕見的事，

I decided to make the solution simpler rather than more complicated.

我決定把解決方案 變簡單而不是變複雜。

I went back to my office, I gathered my staff around

我回到我的辦公室， 我把我的幕僚找來，

and I said, "We're going to take this man at his word,

我說：「我們要相信這個人說的話，

and others like him.

以及其他像他的人。

The man says he wants a job, we're going to give him a job,

這個人說他想要一份工作， 我們就給他一份工作，

and we're going to make our city an even better place in the meantime."

過程中我們還要讓我們的城市 變成一個更好的地方。」

You see, Albuquerque is a beautiful place.

阿布奎基是個很美的地方。

We're a mile high,

高度大約是一英哩，

the Sandia Mountains on the east,

東邊是桑迪亞山，

the Rio Grande runs through the center of the city;

格蘭河穿過城市中央；

we're the home of the Albuquerque International Balloon Fiesta.

我們的城市是阿布奎基 國際熱氣球節的家。

On a day like today,

在像今天的日子裡，

you could literally ski this morning and golf this afternoon.

你真的可以在早上滑雪、 下午打高爾夫球。

But there's always something to do --

但總是有事要做──

always weeds to pull, litter to pick up.

總是有雜草要拔、有垃圾要撿。

If you're going to have an initiative like this in your city,

如果你要在你的城市中 提出這樣的方案，

you have to ask yourself two questions.

你得問自己兩個問題。

First one is: Is there anything left to do in your city?

第一：你的城市中 有無其他需要做的事？

And if the answer is no,

如果答案是否定的，

would you please give me your mayor's phone number,

請給我你的市長的電話，

because I need some advice.

因為我需要點建議。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But the second question you have to ask is this:

你得要問的第二個問題是：

Are your solutions to panhandling working?

你對於乞討的解決方案有用嗎？

If you're like Albuquerque,

如果你和阿布奎基一樣，

and you're taking the punitive approach like we used to,

且跟我們以前一樣用懲罰的方法，

handing out tickets to panhandlers or those who give them money,

開罰單給乞討者或給他們錢的人，

I'm going to suggest that your solutions aren't working,

我得說，你的解決方案是沒用的，

and I know you're not getting to the root of your problem in your city.

我知道你並沒有找到 你的城市問題的根源。

So if you have something to do

所以，如果你有事要做，

and you need people that need something to do,

且你需要人們需要有事做，

there's a better way.

有更好的方式。

And the good news is, it's not that complicated.

好消息是，它並不複雜。

This a 2006 Dodge van.

這是台 2006 年的道奇箱型車。

It was in my motor pool not doing anything.

它本來停在我的 車輛調配場，沒用途。

We put some new tires on it, wrapped it with a logo.

我們給它換了新胎， 並用標語來包裝它。

This van now goes out to street corners where our panhandlers are --

現在這台車會前往 乞討者所在的街角──

we go to them.

我們去接觸他們。

We stop the van, we get out,

我們停下車，我們下車，

we ask them if they would like a day's work

我們問他們 是否想做一天的工作，

rather than panhandling for the day.

而不是一天都在乞討。

And if you wondered if they really mean it --

如果你想知道， 他們是否真的想要工作──

it takes us about an hour to fill this van up in the morning,

早上我們花了一小時 就把箱型車塞滿了，

because almost everybody we ask takes a job for the day.

因為幾乎我們問的每個人 都接受了一天的工作。

But you need more than just a van.

但你需要的不只是台箱型車。

You need a super-fantastic human being to drive that van.

你需要個超強人類來開那台箱型車。

And my super-fantastic human being, his name is Will.

我的超強人類叫做威爾。

This is him in the yellow vest.

穿黃色背心的就是他。

Will works at our local nonprofit partner.

威爾為一個地方性的 非營利合作伙伴工作。

He works with the homeless every day.

他每天都在接觸無家可歸的人。

The panhandlers trust him,

乞討者相信他。

he believes in them,

他相信他們。

he hustles.

他做的是兜售。

I like to say, "Where there's a Will, there's a way."

我想說：「有志者事竟成。」 （註：「志」和「威爾」的英文相同）

So if you're going to do the Better Way campaign in your city,

如果你想在你的城市 實施「更好的方式」，

you need to find yourself a Will,

你得幫自己找個威爾，

because he's really one of the keys to making this successful

因為他確實是讓這方案

in the city of Albuquerque.

能在阿布奎基市成功的關鍵之一。

You also need a great nonprofit partner.

你也需要一個很好的 非營利合作伙伴。

Ours is St. Martin's Hospitality Center.

我們的是聖馬丁接待中心。

They've been in our community for over 30 years.

他們在我們的社區中 有三十年以上了。

They provide counseling, food, shelter,

他們提供諮詢、食物、庇護所，

and if they don't provide it,

如果他們無法提供，

they know somebody in our city that does.

他們也知道在城市裡有誰能提供。

But they do something much more for me as the mayor.

但他們為我這個市長 所做的事遠超過這些。

They provide agility.

他們提供靈活性。

You see, it takes me two weeks,

我花了兩個星期，

maybe two months sometimes,

有時甚至要兩個月，

to onboard an employee with the city of Albuquerque.

才能讓阿布奎基市的 一個員工上軌道。

So you could imagine --

所以你們可以想像──

my old Dodge van,

我的老道奇箱型車，

my super-fantastic human being, Will,

我的超強人類威爾，

a great local nonprofit partner --

一個很棒的地方非營利合作伙伴──

they drive to the corner, there's a panhandler,

他們開車到街角， 有個乞討者在那兒，

they say, "Would you like to work for the day?"

他們說：「你想要 做一天的工作嗎？」

The panhandler says, "Yes,"

乞討者說：「想。」

and Will says, "Great! I'll be back in six weeks to pick you up."

威爾說：「好極了， 我六個禮拜後再來接你。」

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

It wouldn't work.

這樣行不通的。

It's really important that we have that agility in our program.

我們的專案必須要 有靈活性，這很重要。

And they do the paperwork,

他們要做文書工作，

they do the insurance,

他們要做保險，

they do all of the other forms that I can't do quickly.

他們要填其他表格， 都是我無法很快完成的。

We pay our panhandlers nine dollars an hour.

我們支付乞討者的時薪是 $9。

We feed them once at the jobsite.

在工作地點提供一餐。

At the end of the day,

一天結束時，

our old Dodge van takes them right back to St. Martin's,

我們的道奇箱型車 會把他們帶回聖馬丁，

and they get connected with counseling services.

他們就能與諮詢服務連結。

So far,

目前，

with the pilot program and a couple days a week,

有了這試驗性專案，一週做幾天，

and a fantastic human being and a Dodge van,

有個超強的人類和一台道奇箱型車，

we've cleaned up 400 city blocks in the city of Albuquerque.

我們已經清理了 阿布奎基市的 400 個街區。

We've picked up over 117,000 pounds of trash, weeds and litter.

我們撿了超過 117,000 磅的 垃圾、雜草、廢棄物。

I don't know if you've ever weighed a tumbleweed,

我不知道你們是否有 秤過風滾草多重，

but they don't weigh much,

它們一點也不重，

so you can imagine the volume of material that we've picked up.

你們可以想像 我們撿了多少量的東西。

My city has 6,000 employees,

我的城市有 6,000 個員工，

and none better than my solid waste department.

而我的垃圾管理部門最棒。

We send our trucks out at the end of the day,

一天結束時，我們派出卡車，

they help the panhandlers put into the truck

他們協助乞討者把他們一天中

the material they've picked up during the day,

撿拾的東西通通裝上卡車，

and we take it to the landfill.

載到掩埋場去。

I'm lucky that I have city employees

我很幸運，有市府員工

that are willing to work side by side with our panhandlers.

願意與我們的乞討者並肩工作。

They're lifting up our city while lifting up their lives.

他們在振興我們的城市時， 也振興了自己的生活。

And like anything else -- listen, it takes resources.

凡事都一樣──需要資源。

But the good news is it doesn't take much.

但好消息是，不用很多。

We started with an old van,

我們開始時只有一台老箱型車、

a super-fantastic human being,

一個超強人類、

a great local nonprofit

一個很棒的地方非營利機構、

and $50,000.

以及 $50,000。

But we also had to have community trust.

但我們也得要有社區的信任。

And fortunately, we had built that up in years prior to Better Way.

幸運的是，在「更好的方式」 推出之前數年我們就已建立好了。

We have a program called "Albuquerque Heading Home,"

我們有個專案叫做 「阿布奎基回家去」。

a Housing First model where we house the chronically homeless,

這是「庇家居先」組織的模型， 讓長期無家可歸者有住所，

and when I told my community we wanted to do that differently,

我告訴我的社區， 我們想用不同的方式來做，

I said there's a smart way to do the right thing.

我說，有個聰明的方法來做對的事。

We have now housed 650 chronically homeless, medically vulnerable --

我們現在提供住所給 650 個 長期無家可歸且醫療弱勢的人──

frankly, most likely to die on the streets in our city.

坦白說，他們本來很可能會 死在我們城市的街上。

We commissioned our university, they studied it.

我們委託我們的大學， 他們來做研究。

We could tell the taxpayers, we can save you 31.6 percent

我們可以告訴納稅者， 我們能幫你省下 31.6%

over the cost of leaving someone to struggle for survival on the streets.

把人丟在街上為生存掙扎的費用。

We've now saved over five million dollars while housing 650 people.

我們提供住所給 650 人， 但省下了超過五百萬元。

So we had that community trust,

所以我們有社區的信任，

but we had to have a little bit more of an honest conversation also

但我們也得對社區來進行

as a community,

誠實的對話，

because we had to get people to understand

因為我們得要讓人們了解，

that when they hand those five dollars out the window,

當他們從車窗遞出 $5，

they might actually be minimizing their opportunity

可能反而會把能夠協助那個求助者的

to help the person in need, and here's why:

機會降至最低，原因如下：

that five dollars might go to buying some fast food today --

那 $5 可能今天會被用來買速食──

a lot of times it goes to buying drugs and alcohol.

但很多時候它會被用來買毒品和酒。

That same five dollars,

同樣的 $5，

if you gave it to one of our shelters,

如果你把它給予我們的庇護所，

could feed seven people today.

一天就能讓七個人溫飽。

And if you gave it to one of our local food banks or food pantries,

如果給予我們當地的 食物銀行或是救濟食品發放中心，

we could actually feed 20 people with that money.

我們可以用那筆錢讓二十個人溫飽。

People ask,"Well, Albuquerque is 600,000 people -- million, metro --

人們會問：「阿布奎基有六十萬人口 ──百萬人都會區──

this wouldn't work in our city, we're too big, we're too small."

這在我們的城市不可行， 我們太大，我們太小。」

I disagree; if you have one panhandler on one city block,

我不同意；只要有 一個城市街區有一名乞討者，

你就可以做得到。

you can do this.

If you live in a city of eight-and-half million people,

如果你住在有 850 萬人口的城市，

你可以做得到。

you can do this.

重要的不是你做什麼。

It doesn't matter what you do.

It's not the work that you do, it's the dignity of the work.

並不是做什麼工作， 重點是工作的尊嚴。

You could do anything.

做什麼都可以。

So I think any city could do this.

所以我認為每個城市都能做到。

And people say to me,

人們會對我說：

"Mayor, that's just a little too simple.

「市長，這有點太簡單了。

It can't work that way."

不可能那樣運作的。」

But I tell you what, friends:

但，朋友們，讓我告訴你們：

when you go to a street corner

當你到一個街角，

and you engage with a panhandler with dignity and respect,

你以尊嚴尊重對待乞討者，

maybe for the first time in years, maybe in their life,

也許這是他們一年來或一生中 頭一次有尊嚴，

and you tell them that you believe in them

你告訴他們，說你相信他們，

and that this is their city as much as it's your city,

這是你的城市， 同樣也是他們的城市，

and that you actually need their help to make our place better,

你其實需要他們的協助， 來讓我們的地方更好，

and you understand that this isn't the answer to all their problems,

你知道這並不能解決 他們所有的問題，

but at least it's a start,

但至少是個開始，

an amazing thing happens.

神奇的事就會發生。

When they get out on the jobsite and they start working together,

當他們到了工作地點， 他們開始一起工作，

you start seeing amazing things happen.

你會開始看到神奇的事發生。

They see teamwork; they see the fact that they can make a difference.

他們會看到團隊合作； 他們會看到他們也能造成不同。

那一天結束後，

And at the end of the day,

當他們坐那台舊道奇回到聖馬丁，

when they get back to St. Martin's in that old Dodge van,

他們更有可能會參加 他們所需要的服務──

they're much more likely to sign up for whatever services they need --

substance abuse, mental health counseling, you name it.

藥物濫用、心理健康諮詢等等。

So far with our pilot program,

目前，我們的實驗性專案，

we've offered about 1,700 days of day work.

我們已經提供了 1,700 天的一日工作。

We've connected 216 people to permanent employment opportunities.

我們將 216 人與 正職工作機會做了連結。

Twenty people actually qualified for our Housing First model,

有 20 個人其實符合 我們的庇家居先模型的資格，

Heading Home,

「阿布奎基回家去」，

and they've been housed.

他們已被安排住所。

And over 150 people have been connected

透過「更好的方式，」

to mental health substance abuse services

有超過 150 人與心理健康及

through There's a Better Way.

藥物濫用服務連結，

This is me just two weeks ago,

這是我，時間是兩週前，

at St. Martin's,

地點在聖馬丁，

doing our point-in-time survey

做我們的庇護人口調查，

that we do every two years.

我們每兩年會做一次。

I'm interviewing a gentleman who's homeless, like we do,

我在訪問一名無家可歸的男子，

getting his information, figuring out where he's from,

取得他的資訊，了解他從何地來、

how he got there,

如何走到這一步、

what we can do to help him.

我們能如何協助他。

And you notice he's holding the same sign that the guy was holding in 2015,

你會注意到，他拿的標語和 2015 年的那個人拿的一樣，

same sign I walked out with here today.

也就是我今天進場時拿的那標語。

So you have to ask yourself: Is it really making a difference?

你得要自問：這真有造成不同嗎？

Absolutely it's making a difference.

絕對有造成不同。

Albuquerque is now one of the national leaders

在對抗最頑強持久的社會議題上，

in combating some of the most stubborn and persistent social issues

阿布奎基現在在全國排行

that we have.

是前幾名。

Combined with Albuquerque Heading Home,

與「阿布奎基回家去」及

the Better Way program,

「更好的方式」結合，

Albuquerque has reduced unsheltered homelessness in our city

阿布奎基在去年 就把城市中無家可歸者

by 80 percent last year.

減少了 80%。

Since I took over as mayor,

從我當市長之後，

we've been able to reduce the chronic homeless population in our city

我們開始減少城市中 長期無家可歸的人口數，

by 40 percent.

已減少了 40%。

And by HUD's definition,

根據美國住房和城市發展部的定義，

we've gotten to functional zero,

我們達到了「功能零點」，

which means we've literally ended veteran homelessness

意思是，我們已經刻意地 把阿布奎基市的

in the city of Albuquerque,

退伍軍人無家可歸問題

by being intentional.

完全終結了。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

So I'm happy to report that other cities are hearing about this,

我很高興能說， 其他城市也聽到了這件事，

other mayors are calling us --

有其他市長打電話給我們──

Chicago, Seattle, Denver, Dallas --

芝加哥、西雅圖、丹佛、達拉斯──

and are now starting to implement programs

且他們現在開始實施專案，

where they bring the dignity of work to the equation.

把工作尊嚴納入方程式中。

And I can't wait to learn from them.

我等不及要向他們學習了。

I can't wait to see what their experiment looks like,

我等不及看他們的實驗會如何，

what their pilot project looks like,

他們的試驗性專案會如何，

so we can start taking a collective approach nationally

我們就能透過工作尊嚴，

through the dignity of work.

在全國一同合作推行。

And I want to commend them --

而我想稱讚他們──

the mayors, their communities, their nonprofits --

市長們、他們的社區、 他們的非營利機構──

for the work that they're doing.

稱讚他們所做的努力。

So who's next?

所以，下一個是誰呢？

Are you and your city ready to step up?

你和你的城市準備站出來了嗎？

Are you ready to think differently about these persistent social issues?

你準備好用不同的方式來思考 這些長久的社會議題了嗎？

Are you ready to lift people up in your community

你準備好透過工作尊嚴來協助

through the dignity of work,

你社區的人振作起來、

and make your city profoundly better in many ways?

並讓你的城市在多方面都更好嗎？

Well, if you are, my friends, I promise you there is a better way.

如果你準備好了，我的朋友們， 我保證有更好的方式。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）