The power of citizen video to create undeniable truths | Yvette Alberdingk Thijm

翻译人员: Hanchao Zhao 校对人员: Chen Zou

It's 1996

在1996年

in Uvira in eastern Congo.

在刚果民主共和国东部的乌维拉

This is Bukeni.

这是布克尼

Militia commanders walk into his village,

宾民指挥官走进他的村庄

knock on his neighbors' doors

敲开他邻居的门

and whisk their children away to training camps.

用吹嘘的哨子将 他们的孩子叫到培训营里

Bukeni borrows a video camera from a local wedding photographer,

布克尼从一个当地的 婚礼摄影师那里借了一台录像机

he disguises as a journalist

伪装成一个记者

and he walks into the camps to negotiate the release of the children.

然后他走进营里开始 进行释放孩子的谈判

He filmed footage of the children being trained as soldiers.

他拍摄了孩子们 被培训成军人的过程

[Soldiers don't worry!]

【军人们不要担心】

【你们身穿制服】

[You'll wear uniforms!]

[You'll have free cars!]

【你们有免费的车】

[Free beans!]

【免费的豆子】

Many of these children are under 15 years old,

在孩子们当中 许多在15岁以下

and that is a war crime.

那是战争犯罪

[Free!]

【自由】

But you don't have to go to eastern Congo to find human rights abuses.

但是你不需要去到东刚果民主共和国 去发现人权虐待

In America, a country with a rapidly aging population,

在美国，一个老龄化 迅速的国家

experts estimate that one in 10 people over 60

专家们预估在60岁以上 的人群中，每10个其中的一个

will experience abuse.

将会经历虐待

It's a hidden epidemic,

这是一个隐性的症状

and most of that abuse actually happens at the hands

大部分的虐待 实际上发生在

of close caretakers or family.

亲近的护理人员 或者家庭成员手上

This is Vicky.

这是维基

Vicky put an iron gate on her bedroom door

维基在她的卧室门上 放了一个钢门

and she became a prisoner, in fact, in her own house,

她成为了一个监狱的犯人 实际上，在她自己的房子里

out of fear for her nephew who had taken over her home as a drug den.

出于对她侄子将她的房子 变成一个毒品制作工厂的恐惧

And this is Mary.

这是玛丽

Mary picked up a video camera for the first time in her life

玛丽在她生命中第一次 拿起了录像机

when she was 65 years old,

当她65岁的时候

and she asked Vicky and 99 other older people

她告诉维基和 其他99个老年人

who had experienced abuse to tell their stories on camera.

都有过被虐待经历的人 在镜头前讲述他们的故事

And I am Dutch,

我是一个荷兰人

so in the Netherlands we are obsessed with the truth.

在荷兰，我们荷兰人 沉迷于真相

当你是一个小孩子的时候 那是一件事很棒的事情

Now, when you are a child, that's a great thing,

because you can basically get away with anything,

因为你不必担心任何事情

like "Yes, Mama, it was me who smoked the cigars."

就好像说“是的，妈妈 我是吸烟的那一个”

(Laughter)

（观众笑声）

But I think this is why I have dedicated my life

但这正是为什么 我致力于我这一生

to promoting citizen video to expose human rights violations,

去倡导公民录下 以及揭露对人权的侵犯

because I believe in the power of video to create undeniable truths.

因为我坚信在录像的力量中 可以创造不可否认的事实

And my organization, WITNESS,

我的组织，“目睹”

helped use the Congolese videos

帮助使用刚果人录像

to help convict and send a notorious warlord called Thomas Lubanga to jail.

去帮助将臭名昭著的军阀 汤玛斯 鲁班噶定罪并送到监狱

And the videos that Mary shot,

玛丽拍摄的录像

we trained Mary and many other elder justice advocates,

我们对玛丽和其他年长的 公正倡导者进行培训

to make sure that the stories of elder abuse

确保对年老人的虐待

reached lawmakers,

会被送到国会议员那里

and those stories helped convince lawmakers

这些故事帮助说服 国会议员

to pass landmark legislation to protect older Americans.

通过标志性立法 来保护年老的美国人

So I wonder,

所以，我在想

billions of us now have this powerful tool right at our fingertips.

上亿人现在拥有这个强大的工具 就在我们的手上

It's a camera.

那就是摄像机

So why are all of us not a more powerful army of civic witnesses,

那么为什么我们所有人没有成为一个 更强大的公民目击者军队

like Mary and Bukeni?

就好像玛丽和布克尼一样？

Why is it that so much more video

是什么原因如此多的录像

is not leading to more rights and more justice?

没有带来更多的权利 以及更多的公正？

And I think it is because being an eyewitness is hard.

我认为这是因为 作为一个目击者是不容易的

Your story will get denied,

你的故事会被否认

your video will get lost in a sea of images,

你的录像会被遗失在 图像的海洋中

your story will not be trusted, and you will be targeted.

你的故事将不被信任 然后你会成为目标

So how do we help witnesses?

那么我们该如何帮助目击者呢？

In Oaxaca, in Mexico,

在瓦哈卡州，在墨西哥

the teachers' movement organized a protest

教师运动组织了一个抗议

after the president pushed down very undemocratic reforms.

在总统推翻 非常不民主的改革之后

The federal police came down in buses and started shooting at the protesters.

联邦警察坐巴士前来 开始对示威游行者射击

At least seven people died and many, many more were wounded.

至少7人死亡 更多的受伤者

Images started circulating of the shootings,

关于枪击的照片开始流传

and the Mexican government did what it always does.

墨西哥政府按照一贯的作风

发布了一个正式的声名

It issued a formal statement,

and the statement basically accused the independent media

声名基本上是在 指控独立媒体

of creating fake news.

指控他们假造新闻

It said, "We were not there,

声名说，“我们当时不在那

that was not us doing the shooting,

不是我们进行的射击

this did not happen."

这根本没有发生。”

But we had just trained activists in Mexico

但我们刚刚对墨西哥 的行动主义者做了培训

教授他们对他们的照片 策略性地使用元数据

to use metadata strategically with their images.

Now, metadata is the kind of information that your camera captures

现今，元数据是一种你可以用摄像机 捕捉的一种信息

that shows the date, the location,

它会显示日期，位置

the temperature, the weather.

温度，气候

It can even show the very unique way you hold your camera

它甚至可以显示你拿相机 的特殊方式

when you capture something.

当你捕捉情景的时候

So the images started recirculating,

那么图像开始再流传

and this time with the very verifying,

而这次是伴随着 非常有验证性的

validating information on top of them.

有效的信息

And the federal government had to retract their statement.

联邦政府不得不 收回他们的声名

Now, justice for the people for Oaxaca

现今，公正对于瓦哈卡的人民来说

is still far off,

仍然很遥远

but their stories, their truths, can no longer be denied.

但是他们的故事，他们的真相 不会再被否认

So we started thinking:

于是我们开始想

What if you had "Proof Mode?"

如果你有“证明模式”呢？

What if everybody had a camera in their hands

如果每个人手头上 有一台摄像机

and all the platforms had that kind of validating ability.

所有的平台 有那种证实的能力，会怎么样

So we developed --

所以，我们发展了

together with amazing Android developers called the Guardian Project,

和安卓发展人员一起 叫做监护项目

we developed something called a technology that's called Proof Mode,

我们发展了叫做 证明模式的一种科技

that marries those metadata together with your image,

它可以将你的照片和元数据 匹配在一起

and it validates and it verifies your video.

验证和确认你的录像

Now, imagine there is a deluge of images

想象现在一股洪水般的照片

coming from the world's camera phones.

来自于世界各地的手机摄像头

Imagine if that information could be trusted just a little bit more,

想象一下那些信息 可以被信任哪怕多一点点

what the potential would be for journalists,

对于新闻记者来说 意味着怎样的可能性

for human rights investigators,

对于人权调查者来说

for human rights lawyers.

对于人权律师来说

So we started sharing Proof Mode with our partners in Brazil

所以，我们开始和我们在巴西的 合作者分享证明模式

who are an amazing media collective called Coletivo Papo Reto.

他们是很棒的媒体收集 叫做Coletivo Papo Reto

Brazil is a tough place for human rights.

巴西是一个对于人权来说 很困难的地方

The Brazilian police kills thousands of people every year.

巴西警方每年处死 上千人

The only time that there's an investigation,

调查仅仅发生在

guess when?

猜猜什么情况下？

When there's video.

当有录像的时候

Seventeen-year-old Eduardo was killed in broad daylight

17岁的艾得多在光天化日之下 被处死

by the Rio police,

被里约警察

and look what happens after they kill him.

看看在他们处死他之后 发生了什么

They put a gun in the dead boy's hand,

他们将一把枪放在 已经死去的男孩的手中

they shoot the gun twice --

他们开了2次枪

(Shot)

（射击）

to fabricate their story of self-defense.

去伪造他们自我防卫的假象

The woman who filmed this was a very, very courageous eyewitness,

拍摄这个的女士 是一个非常勇敢的目击者

and she had to go into hiding after she posted her video

她在发布这个视屏之后 不得不躲藏起来

for fear of her life.

出于对她生命安全的恐惧

But people are filming, and they're not going to stop filming,

但是人们在拍摄 而且他们不会停止拍摄

so we're now working together with media collectives

所以我们现在合作起来 携手媒体收集

so the residents on their WhatsApp

所以他们WhatsApp上的居住者

frequently get guidance and tips,

会经常收到指导和窍门

how to film safely,

如何安全地拍摄

how to upload the video that you shoot safely,

如何安全地上传 你拍摄的录像

how to capture a scene so that it can actually count as evidence.

如何捕捉一个情景 使得它实际上可以成为证据

And here is an inspiration

这里是启示

from a group called Mídia Ninja in Brazil.

从在巴西的一群叫做Mídia Ninja那里

The man on left is a heavily armed military policeman.

左边的这个男人是一个重型 武装的军事警察

He walks up to a protester --

他走向一个抗议者

when you protest in Brazil, you can be arrested or worse --

当你在巴西抗议游行的时候 你可以被逮捕或是有更坏的后果

and he says to the protester, "Watch me,

他对抗议者说，“看着我

I am going to search you right now."

我现在将对你搜身。”

And the protester is a live-streaming activist --

抗议者是一个 现场直播的行动主义者

he wears a little camera --

他身上有一个小的摄像头

and he says to the military policeman, he says, "I am watching you,

他对军事警察说 “我正看着你

and there are 5,000 people watching you with me."

这里有5000人正在 和我一起看着你

Now, the tables are turned.

现在，局势扭转过来

The distant witnesses, the watching audience, they matter.

目击者和观看者 的距离，很重要

So we started thinking,

于是我们开始想

what if you could tap into that power,

如果你们可以发挥那股力量

the power of distant witnesses?

远距离目击者的力量会怎样呢？

What if you could pull in their expertise, their leverage,

如果你可以深入到他们的专长 他们的杠杆效应

their solidarity, their skills

他们的团结，他们的技巧

when a frontline community needs them to be there?

当一个在前线的群体 需要他们在那里的时候，会怎样呢？

And we started developing a project that's called Mobilize Us,

我们开始发展一个叫做 Mobilize Us 的项目

because many of us, I would assume,

因为我们中的很多，我会设想

want to help

想要去帮助

and lend our skills and our expertise,

借用他们的技巧和我们的专长

but we are often not there when a frontline community

但是我们常常不在那儿 当一个前线社区

or a single individual faces an abuse.

或是单独的个人 面对虐待的时候

And it could be as simple as this little app that we created

它可以简单得就像 我们创造的小应用

that just shows the perpetrator on the other side of the phone

仅仅对肇事者 显示手机另一端

how many people are watching him.

有多少人在看着他

But now, imagine that you could put a layer of computer task routing

但是现在，想象一下你可以放 一层电脑任务的路由

on top of that.

在那上面

Imagine that you're a community facing an immigration raid,

想象一下你是一个面对 移民袭击的社区

and at that very moment, at that right moment, via livestream,

在那个非常时刻 就在那个时刻，通过直播媒体

you could pull in a hundred legal observers.

你可以放进一百个 合法观察者

How would that change the situation?

那会如何改变局势？

So we started piloting this with our partner communities in Brazil.

所以我们开始和 在巴西的社区伙伴进行试点

有一个叫卡米拉的女士

This is a woman called Camilla,

她可以 -- 她是一个叫贫民窟Sko 的一个贫民窟的领导者

and she was able -- she's the leader in a favela called Favela Skol --

she was able to pull in distant witnesses

她能够使远距离的 目击者加入进来

via livestream

通过在线媒体

to help translation,

帮助翻译

to help distribution,

帮助发行

to help amplify her story

帮助放大她的故事

after her community was forcibly evicted

在她的社区被强行驱逐出去之后

在去年夏天，为了一个冠冕堂皇的 奥林匹克的举行

to make room for a very glossy Olympic event last summer.

So we're talking about good witnessing,

所以我们所谈论的是 好的目击

but what happens if the perpetrators are filming?

但如果肇事者在拍摄呢？

What happens if a bystander films and doesn't do anything?

如果旁观者拍摄了录像 但没有作为会怎样呢？

This is the story of Chrissy.

这是克里斯的故事

Chrissy is a transgender woman

克里斯是一个变性女士

who walked into a McDonald's in Maryland

他走进马里兰的一个麦当劳

to use the women's bathroom.

使用女性洗手间

Two teens viciously beat her for using that woman's bathroom,

两个青少年对她进行毒打 因为她使用了女性洗手间

and the McDonald's employee filmed this on his mobile phone.

麦当劳的员工 用他的手机拍摄下来这个情景

And he posted his video,

他上传了这个录像

and it has garnered

它囊括了

thousands of racist and transphobic comments.

上千个关于种族的 和跨性别恐惧的评论

So we started a project that's called Capturing Hate.

所以我们开始了一个叫做 Capturing Hate 的项目

We took a very, very small sample of eyewitness videos

我们将目击者的视屏 截取一段很小的片段

that showed abuse against transgender and gender-nonconforming people.

那些显示对变性人 和不对性别符合的人的虐待

We searched two words, "tranny fight" and "stud fight."

我们搜索了两个词 “变性人斗争“和”学生斗争“

And those 329 videos were watched and are still being watched

这些329个被观看过的 以及正在被观看的录像

as we sit here in this theater,

当我们坐在这个剧院里

a stunning almost 90 million times,

惊人的9千万次

and there are hundreds of thousands of comments with these videos,

成百上千的评论 伴随着这个录像

egging on to more violence and more hate.

煽动更多的暴力和憎恨

So we started developing a methodology

所以我们开始发展一个方法

that took all that unquantified visual evidence

将所有的没有量化的视觉证据

转化成数据 将录像转化成数据

and turned it into data, turning video into data,

and with that tool,

有了那个工具

LGBT organizations are now using that data

LGBT组织现在使用那个数据

to fight for rights.

去为了权力进行斗争

And we take that data and we take it back to Silicon Valley,

我们将数据带回到硅谷

and we say to them:

我们对他们说

怎么可能

"How is it possible

that these videos are still out there

这些录像还在那里流传

in a climate of hate

在一个充满了憎恨的气候下

egging on more hate,

煽动更多的憎恨

summoning more violence,

招致更多的暴力

when you have policies that actually say

当你们有政策实际上说

you do not allow this kind of content? --

你不允许有这样的内容？

urging them to change their policies.

催促他们改变他们的政策

So I have hope.

所以我有希望

I have hope that we can turn more video into more rights and more justice.

我希望我们可以将 更多的录像转变成更多的权利和公正

Ten billion video views on Snapchat,

Snapchat上有 10亿录像浏览次数

per day.

每天

So what if we could turn that Snapchat generation

如果我们可以将Snapchat那一代 转变成

into effective and safe civic witnesses?

有效的，安全地公民目击会怎样呢？

What if they could become the Bukenis of this new generation?

如果他们可以成为这新一代的 布克尼会怎样呢？

In India, women have already started using Snapchat filters

在印度，女人已经 开始使用Snapcha过滤

to protect their identity when they speak out about domestic violence.

在她们讲述家庭暴力的时候 保护她们的身份

[They tortured me at home and never let me go out.]

【他们在家虐待我 从来不让我出门】

The truth is, the real truth, the truth that doesn't fit into any TED Talk,

真相是，真正的事实，事实 没有适合任何TEDTalk的

is fighting human rights abuse is hard.

是为了人权虐待的斗争是如此艰难

There are no easy solutions for human rights abuse.

对人权虐待没有容易的解决方法

And there's not a single piece of technology

没有一样单独的科技

that can ever stop the perpetrators.

可以阻止肇事者

But for the survivors,

但对于幸存者来说

for the victims,

对于受害者

for the marginalized communities,

对于边缘化的社区

their stories, their truths, matter.

他们的故事，他们的真相，重要

And that is where justice begins.

那就是公正开始的地方

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（观众掌声）