A lesson in turning adversaries into allies | Leah Garcés

Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

翻译人员: Bill Fu 校对人员: Lark Yu

In the summer of 2014,

2014 年的夏天，

I found myself sitting across from a man

我和一个男人面对面坐着，

who, by every definition, was my enemy.

用任何标准界定， 他都是我的敌人。

His name was Craig Watts,

他叫克雷格·瓦茨 （Craig Watts），

and he's a chicken factory farmer.

是一名养鸡场的农场主。

My career is devoted to protecting farmed animals

而我的工作则是 致力于保护养殖动物，

and ending factory farming.

并终结工厂化养殖。

And up until this point in my life,

而一直以来，

I had spent every waking moment

我把清醒的每分每秒都用来

standing up against everything this man stood for,

反对这个男人所支持的一切，

and now, I was in his living room.

而现在，我就在他家的客厅。

The day I met Craig Watts

在遇见我之前， 克雷格·瓦茨（Craig Watts）

he had been raising chickens for 22 years

一直为一个名叫 柏杜（Perdue）的公司养鸡，

for a company called Perdue,

已经长达 22 年，

the fourth largest chicken company in the entire country.

这是一家全国第四大养鸡公司。

And as a young man,

而作为一个年轻人，

he had yearned for this way to stay on the land

他渴望找到一种 扎根这片土地的方法，

in one of the poorest counties in the state.

这里是该州最贫困的县之一。

So when the chicken industry came to town,

所以当养鸡公司 来到这个镇的时候，

he thought, "This is a dream come true."

他觉得“梦想成真”了。

He took a quarter of a million dollar loan out,

他借了 25 万美元的贷款

and he built these chicken houses.

来建造鸡舍。

Perdue would give him a flock, he'd raise them,

柏杜每次给他一群雏鸡， 他把雏鸡养大，

and each flock he'd get paid,

然后按批获得报酬，

and then he'd pay off in small increments that loan,

然后再一点点付清贷款，

like a mortgage.

就像按揭一样。

But pretty soon, the chickens got sick.

但是没过多久，鸡得病了。

It's a factory farm, after all,

毕竟这是养殖工厂，

there are 25,000 chickens

25000 只鸡

that are stuffed wall-to-wall,

塞满了整个鸡舍，

living on their own feces, breathing ammonia-laden air.

生活在它们自己的排泄物之上， 呼吸着充满粪便臭味儿的空气。

And when chickens get sick, some of them die.

一旦有鸡生病， 其中一些就会死去，

And you don't get paid for dead chickens,

而死掉的那部分则血本无归。

and Craig started to struggle to pay off his loan,

于是克雷格开始拼命偿还贷款，

he realized he made a mistake,

他意识到自己犯了一个错误，

but he was all but an indentured servant at this stage.

但现阶段， 他只是个签了契约的服务方。

When I met him, he was at a breaking point.

在我见到他的时候， 他已经处在破产边缘了，

The payments seemed never-ending.

待付款项似乎和鸡的死亡、

As did the death,

绝望，还有疾病一样，

despair and illness of his chickens.

永远没有尽头。

Now, if we humans tried to think of some super unjust,

现在要人类想出 一个特别不公平的、

unfair, filthy and cruel food system,

肮脏、残酷的食物系统，

we could not have thought of anything worse than factory farming.

没有比工厂化养殖更糟糕的了。

Eighty billion farmed animals around the world annually

每年，全世界有 800 亿只养殖动物

are raised and slaughtered.

被豢养并屠杀。

They're stuffed in cages and warehouses never to see the light of day.

它们被塞在笼子 和仓库中不见天日。

And that's not just a problem for those farmed animals.

而这种现象不仅仅 存在于动物养殖业。

Animal agriculture,

畜牧业

it accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions

排放的温室气体

than all of the planes, trains and automobiles put together.

比所有飞机、火车 和汽车排放的总和还多。

And one third of our arable land is used

而三分之一的可耕土地被用来

to grow feed to feed factory-farmed animals,

种植饲料喂养工厂的养殖动物，

rather than ourselves.

而不是供养人类。

And all that land is sprayed with immeasurable chemicals.

这些土地都被喷洒了 无法计量的化学物质。

And ecologically important habitats,

那些生态栖息地，

like the Amazon,

像亚马逊，

are cut down and are burnt,

也被无情地乱砍滥伐和焚烧，

all so we can feed and house farmed animals.

以用来喂养和圈养家畜动物。

By the time my three kids grow up,

等我的 3 个孩子长大了，

there's very unlikely to be polar bears,

很可能就没有北极熊、

Sumatran elephants, orangutans.

苏门答腊大象，和红毛猩猩了。

In my lifetime,

在我的有生之年，

the number of birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals has halved.

鸟类、两栖类、爬行类， 和哺乳类动物的数量已经减半了。

And the main culprit

而罪魁祸首

is our global appetite for meat, dairy and eggs.

就是全球对于肉类、奶制品 和蛋类食品的需求。

And for me, up until this point,

而在这一刻，对我来说，

the villain was Craig Watts.

克雷格·瓦茨就是那个恶人。

And as I sat there in his living room,

而当我坐在他家客厅的时候，

my fear and my anger turned into something else.

恐惧和愤怒则转变成了 另一种情感——

Shame.

羞愧。

My whole life I had spent blaming him,

我始终都在指责他，

hating him,

厌恶他，

I even wished him ill.

我甚至希望他生病。

I had never once

但我从未思考过

thought about his struggle, his choices.

他经历的挣扎和选择。

Could he be a potential ally?

他会是一个潜在的盟友吗？

I never had thought

我从来没有想过

he feels as trapped as the chickens.

他就和他的鸡一样 陷入了困境。

So we had been sitting there for hours

我们促膝长谈了好几个小时，

and the midday turned into afternoon,

从中午到下午，

turned into dusk, turned into darkness,

然后到黄昏，再到夜幕降临，

and he suddenly said,

他突然提议：

"OK, are you ready to see the chickens?"

“好，你准备好去看那些鸡了吗？”

So under the cover of darkness,

所以在夜色笼罩下，

we walked towards one of these long, gray houses.

我们走向一栋很长的灰色房子。

And he swung open the door

他打开了门，

and we stepped inside,

我们走了进去，

and we were hit with this overpowering smell

一股强烈的刺鼻气味 立刻扑面而来，

and every muscle in my body tensed up

我浑身肌肉紧绷，

and I coughed and my eyes teared.

一边咳嗽一边流泪。

I was too overwhelmed by my own physical discomfort,

身体的不适反应 让我无所适从，

I didn't even look around at first,

以至于我一开始 都无暇顾及周围的景象，

but when I did,

但当我回过神来，

what I saw brought me to tears.

面前的景象 让我不禁潸然泪下。

Tens of thousands of newly hatched chicks

上万只新孵出的小鸡

in this darkened warehouse

身处昏暗的仓库里，

with nowhere to go and nothing to do.

无处可去、无所事事。

Over the next few months, I returned many times,

在接下来的几个月， 我多次返回，

with filmmaker Raegan Hodge,

和电影制片人 雷根·霍奇 （Raegan Hodge）一起，

to record, to understand,

去记录，去理解，

to build trust with Craig.

并与克雷格建立信任。

And I walked his houses with him

我和他一起去往仓库，

as he picked up dead and dying birds,

看他捡起已死去 和垂死挣扎的小鸡，

birds with messed-up legs and trouble breathing

有些鸡腿有问题， 有的呼吸困难，

and difficulty walking.

还有的不能正常走路。

And all of this we caught on film.

我们把所有这些 都记录在了影片里。

And then we decided to do something

然后我们决定要做些什么，

I don't think either he or I ever expected to do when we first met.

我们第一次见面的时候 应该都没想过会这么做。

We decided to release that footage.

我们决定公开这部影片。

And that was really risky for both of us.

这对我们双方来说 风险都很高。

It was risky for him because he could lose his income,

因为他有可能会失去收入，

his home, his land, his neighbors hating him.

失去家和土地， 而他的邻居们会嫉恨他。

And I could risk getting my organization sued,

而我所在的组织可能会被起诉，

or being the reason that he would lose everything,

这甚至会成为 让他失去一切的根源，

but we had to do it anyway.

但我们义无反顾地这么做了。

"The New York Times" broke the story

《纽约时报》报导了这件事，

and within 24 hours,

而且在 24 小时之内，

a million people had seen our video.

就有 100 万人 看过了我们的视频。

It went viral by every definition,

这段视频很快就火了起来，

and suddenly we had this global platform

突然间，我们就有了 这么一个全球性平台

for talking about factory farming.

讨论工厂化养殖。

And working with Craig got me thinking.

而和克雷格一起工作的经历 让我开始思考:

What other unlikely allies are out there?

周围还有多少似乎不太可能 成为盟友的人？

What other progress,

如果越过敌我线，

what other lessons can I learn if I cross those enemy lines?

还有其他什么进展 和经验可以学习吗？

The first lesson I learned

我学到的第一条经验就是，

is that we have to become comfortable with being uncomfortable.

要走出舒适圈。

Only talking to people who agree with us,

只和与我们有相同看法的人交谈，

it's not going to get us to the solution.

是不会让我们得到解决方案的。

We have to be willing to enter other people's space.

我们必须愿意去涉足他人的领域。

Because quite often,

因为通常情况下，

the enemy has the power to change the problem

“敌人”才有能力去解决

that we're trying to solve.

我们想要解决的问题。

In my case, I'm not in charge of a single chicken.

在我的案例中， 我不掌管哪怕一只饲养鸡。

The farmer is and so are the meat companies.

权利都在养鸡人 和肉类企业手中。

So I need to enter their space if I want to solve the problem.

所以如果我想要解决问题， 就需要涉足他们的领域。

And a couple of years after working with Craig,

在我和克雷格 一起工作了几年之后，

I did something again I never expected to do.

我又做了一件我未曾意料的事。

I sat down with an even bigger so-called enemy:

我和一个更大的， 所谓的“敌人”坐在了一起：

Jim Perdue himself.

吉姆·珀杜（Jim Perdue） 本人。

The man I had made the villain of my viral video.

在视频里被我当作恶人的那个男人。

And again, through difficult conversations

经过又一次

and being uncomfortable,

令人坐卧不安的艰难对话后，

Perdue came out with the first animal care policy

柏杜提出了家禽业有史以来的

of any poultry company.

第一个动物关爱政策。

In it, they agreed to do

他们同意去做

some of the things we had criticized them for not doing in the viral video,

在视频中我们指责他们 没有做到的一些事项，

like put windows into houses.

像是在仓库里安装窗户等，

And pay for them.

并支付这笔投入。

And that was a really important lesson for me.

那是我人生的重要一课。

The second lesson

第二条经验是，

is that when we sit down to negotiate

当我们坐下来和敌人

with the enemy,

交涉的时候，

we need to remember, there's a human being in front of us

要记住，我们面前的也是人，

that very likely has more in common with us

而且他和我们之间的共同点

than we care to admit.

要比我们愿意承认的还多。

And I learned this firsthand

而我是在被邀请

when I was invited to visit at a major poultry company's headquarters.

参观一家大型家禽企业总部时 领悟到这一点的。

And it was the first time that my organization had been invited,

这也是我所在的机构 首次被邀请，

and any organization had been invited, to visit with them.

我们也是第一个 被他们邀请参观的组织。

And as we walked through the corridor,

当我们经过走廊的时候，

there were literally people who were peeking our from the cubicles

真的有人从隔间里伸出头来偷看，

to get a quick look at what does an animal rights activist look like,

看看动物权利活动家 到底长什么样，

and we walked --

然后我们往前走——

I look like this, so I don't know what they were expecting.

我就长这样，我不知道 他们想象的是什么样。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But as we walked into the boardroom,

但是当我们走进会议室，

there was an executive who was in charge, sitting there.

有一名主管正坐在那儿。

And his arms were crossed

他双臂交叉，

and he did not want me to be there.

看起来并不想见到我。

And I flipped open my laptop,

我打开笔记本电脑，

and my background photo came up,

屏幕背景亮了起来，

and it was a picture of my three kids.

是我 3 个孩子的照片。

My daughter clearly looks different than my sons.

我女儿明显看起来 和儿子们不一样。

And when he saw that photo he uncrossed his arms

当他看到照片的时候 就松开了交叉的手臂，

and he tilted his head and he leaned forward and he said,

歪了歪头，探身问道：

"Are those your kids?"

“他们都是你的孩子吗？”

And I said, "Yeah.

我说：“是啊。

I just got back from adopting my daughter -- "

我刚办完 领养女儿的手续回来——”

然后我就在这个正式会议上 闲扯了半天。

And I babbled on way too much for a professional meeting.

And he stopped me and he said,

他叫停了我，说道：

"I have two adopted kids."

“我也领养了两个孩子。”

And for the next 20 minutes,

在接下来的 20 分钟里，

we just talked about that.

我们就只是在聊这个话题。

We talked about adoption and being a parent

聊领养孩子和怎么当一个家长，

and in those moments,

而在那些时刻，

we forgot who we were supposed to be

我们全然忘记了 自己在那张桌子前

at that table.

所代表的身份。

And the walls came down,

而横亘在我们之间的墙 轰然倒塌，

and a bridge was built and we crossed this divide.

一座连接之桥拔地而起， 让我们跨越了分歧。

And more progress was made with that company

我们和那家企业之间 有了巨大的进展，

because of that human connection that we made.

这都要归功于我们之间 所建立的情感连接。

My last lesson for you

最后一条我想要分享的经验，

is that when we sit down with the so-called enemy,

就是当我们和所谓的“敌人” 坐到一起的时候，

we need to look for the win-win.

需要寻找一个双赢结果。

Instead of going in with farmers like Craig Watts

与克雷格·瓦茨这样的养殖人

and thinking, "I need to put them out of farming,"

持有的“我要把他们 赶出养殖业”的看法不同，

I started to think how can I help them be different kinds of farmers,

我开始思考要怎么样 帮他们成为不一样的农民，

like, growing hemp or mushrooms.

像是种植麻类植物或者菌类。

And a farmer I later worked with did exactly that.

而我之后遇到的一个农民 刚好就是这么做的。

He did do the exposé with me and filmed,

他和我一起拍摄了纪实影片，

and we went with "The New York Times" again,

我们又找到《纽约时报》，

but he went beyond that.

但他又更进了一步。

He quit chicken factory farming,

他退出了养鸡业，

and it turns out

然后却发现

that those big, long, gray warehouses

那些又大又长的灰色仓库

are the perfect environment

也能是种植其他作物的

for growing something else.

完美场所。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

That's hemp, people, that's hemp.

就是大麻，各位。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Here is an environmentally friendly way to stay on the land,

这是一个对环境有益、 留住土地的方式，

to pay the bills,

可以解决生活开支，

that a vegan animal rights activist

是一个素食和动物权利活动家

and a chicken farmer can get behind.

以及一个养鸡人力所能及的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And instead of thinking,

比起思考，

how can I get these big meat companies out of business,

怎么让这些 大型肉类企业停止经营，

I started thinking, how can I help them evolve into a different kind of business.

我更应该思考 怎么帮他们实现业务转型。

One where the protein doesn't come from slaughtered animals,

不是通过宰杀动物 来获取蛋白质，

but rather, plants.

而是从植物获取。

And believe it or not,

而且无论你相信与否，

these big companies are starting to move their ships in that direction.

这些大企业正在往那个方向探索。

Cargill and Tyson and Perdue are adding plant-based proteins

嘉吉（Cargill）公司、泰森（Tyson）食品 和柏杜农场正在把植物蛋白

into their supply chain.

添加到他们的供应链之中。

And Perdue himself said that,

而柏杜本人也说过：

"Our company is a premium protein company,

“我们是一家提供 优质蛋白质的公司，

and nothing about that says that it has to come from animals."

但并没有声称必须来自动物。”

And in my own home town of Atlanta,

而在我的家乡亚特兰大，

KFC did a one-day trial with Beyond Meat,

肯德基和 Beyond Meat 公司合作

for plant-based chicken nuggets.

推出了植食鸡块的一日试营业。

And it was insane,

群众的反应简直太疯狂，

there were lines wrapped around the corner,

等待的队伍一直排到角落，

there was traffic stopped in all directions,

各个方向交通严重堵塞。

你们可能会以为他们 在免费发放碧昂斯演唱会的门票。

you would think they were giving out free Beyoncé tickets.

People are ready for this shift.

人们已经准备好面对转变。

We need to build a big tent

我们需要建立一个

that everyone can get under.

能容纳所有人的巨型平台。

From the chicken factory farmer,

从工厂养鸡人，

to the mega meat company,

到大型肉类企业，

to the animal rights activist.

再到动物权利活动家。

And these lessons,

而这些经验教训

they can apply to many causes,

可以应用到各个方面，

whether it be with a problem with an ex,

不管是和前任、邻居，

a neighbor or an in-law.

还是和配偶、家人间的矛盾。

Or with some of the biggest problems of exploitation and oppression,

又或者是某个有关 严重剥削和压迫的问题，

like factory farming,

诸如工业化养殖、

or misogyny or racism or climate change.

厌女症、种族歧视，或气候变化。

The world's smallest and biggest problems,

这个世界上大大小小的难题，

they won't be solved by beating down our enemies

都不是通过打败对手得到解决的，

but by finding these win-win pathways together.

而是要通过共同寻找 实现双赢的途径。

It does require us

这就需要我们

to let go of that idea of us versus them

不把自己和对方放在对立面，

and realize there's only one us,

并意识到我们都属于同一边，

all of us,

我们所有人要

against an unjust system.

共同对抗一个不公平的系统。

And it is difficult,

这很困难，

and messy, and uncomfortable.

很麻烦，很棘手。

But it is critical.

但至关重要。

And maybe the only way

而且这可能是

to build that compassionate food system

建立富有同理心的 食品系统的唯一方式，

that we all, from the chicken to the chicken farmer

一个从鸡到养鸡人，

to the mega meat company, to all of us,

到巨型肉类企业， 再到我们所有人，

deserve.

都值得拥有的系统。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）