A lesson in turning adversaries into allies | Leah Garcés

Transcriber: Ivana Korom Reviewer: Joanna Pietrulewicz

譯者: Yunchi Hsu 審譯者: Yi-Ping Cho (Marssi)

In the summer of 2014,

在 2014 年的夏天，

I found myself sitting across from a man

我坐在一位男性的對面，

who, by every definition, was my enemy.

這個人，從各種意義上來說， 都算是我的敵人。

His name was Craig Watts,

他叫做克雷格‧沃茨，

and he's a chicken factory farmer.

是一位養雞的農夫。

My career is devoted to protecting farmed animals

我的生涯是致力於保護養殖場的動物，

and ending factory farming.

並終結工廠化養殖業。

And up until this point in my life,

到我的人生中的這一刻為止，

I had spent every waking moment

我花費每個清醒的時刻，

standing up against everything this man stood for,

起身反對這個男人代表的一切，

and now, I was in his living room.

而當下，我就坐在他的客廳裡。

The day I met Craig Watts

我遇見克雷格‧沃茨那天，

he had been raising chickens for 22 years

他已經為一家叫做「寶鵰」的公司 養雞養了二十二年，

for a company called Perdue,

the fourth largest chicken company in the entire country.

這間公司是全國 第四大生產雞肉的公司。

And as a young man,

當他還年輕的時候，

he had yearned for this way to stay on the land

他就渴望著以這種謀生方式留在

in one of the poorest counties in the state.

該州中最貧困的縣中的農場。

So when the chicken industry came to town,

所以當雞肉公司進駐到鎮上時，

he thought, "This is a dream come true."

他心想：「這簡直是美夢成真！」

He took a quarter of a million dollar loan out,

他借了二十五萬美元的貸款，

and he built these chicken houses.

並建造了這些雞舍。

Perdue would give him a flock, he'd raise them,

寶鵰會給他一群雞，他就飼養牠們，

and each flock he'd get paid,

而每個雞群都帶給他報酬，

and then he'd pay off in small increments that loan,

然後他就以小額還款的方式還清貸款，

like a mortgage.

就像是抵押貸款一樣。

But pretty soon, the chickens got sick.

但沒多久，雞生病了。

It's a factory farm, after all,

那畢竟是個養殖場，

there are 25,000 chickens

裡面有兩萬五千隻雞

that are stuffed wall-to-wall,

擠滿整片養殖場的地板上，

living on their own feces, breathing ammonia-laden air.

吃牠們自己糞便維生， 呼吸充滿氨味的空氣。

And when chickens get sick, some of them die.

有些病雞會活不下來。

And you don't get paid for dead chickens,

而死掉的雞不能賣來賺錢，

and Craig started to struggle to pay off his loan,

克雷格開始付不清他的貸款，

he realized he made a mistake,

他知道他犯了錯，

but he was all but an indentured servant at this stage.

但這個情況下， 他只不過是個契約傭工。

When I met him, he was at a breaking point.

當我見到他時， 他已經在崩潰的臨界點。

The payments seemed never-ending.

要付的款項彷彿沒有盡頭，

As did the death,

如同他雞群的

despair and illness of his chickens.

死亡、絕望與病痛。

Now, if we humans tried to think of some super unjust,

如果我們人類試著想像出極其不公、

unfair, filthy and cruel food system,

不義、骯髒且殘酷的糧食體系，

we could not have thought of anything worse than factory farming.

沒有甚麼比工廠化養殖業還要來得糟糕。

Eighty billion farmed animals around the world annually

全球每年有八百億養殖場的動物

are raised and slaughtered.

被飼養及屠殺。

They're stuffed in cages and warehouses never to see the light of day.

牠們被塞在籠子與倉庫裡， 永遠不見天日。

And that's not just a problem for those farmed animals.

但對這些養殖場動物，這不只個問題。

Animal agriculture,

畜牧業

it accounts for more greenhouse gas emissions

所占的溫室氣體排放量

than all of the planes, trains and automobiles put together.

比所有的飛機、火車和汽車 合在一起的排放量還要多。

And one third of our arable land is used

三分之一的可耕地被用來

to grow feed to feed factory-farmed animals,

種植用來餵養殖場動物的糧食，

rather than ourselves.

而非種來給我們吃。

And all that land is sprayed with immeasurable chemicals.

那些土地上都被噴灑 無以計數的化學藥物。

And ecologically important habitats,

還有，重要的生態棲息地，

like the Amazon,

如亞馬遜叢林，

are cut down and are burnt,

被砍伐並燒毀，

all so we can feed and house farmed animals.

我們做的這一切都是為了 餵飽這些養殖場的動物。

By the time my three kids grow up,

當我的三個小孩長大的時候，

there's very unlikely to be polar bears,

他們很有可能已經看不到

北極熊、蘇門答臘象和紅毛猩猩。

Sumatran elephants, orangutans.

In my lifetime,

在我還活著的時候，

the number of birds, amphibians, reptiles and mammals has halved.

鳥類、兩棲類、爬蟲類 和哺乳類動物的數量已減少一半。

And the main culprit

而主要的罪魁禍首，

is our global appetite for meat, dairy and eggs.

即是全球對肉類、奶製品 與雞蛋的需求。

And for me, up until this point,

對我而言，直到這一刻，

the villain was Craig Watts.

克雷格‧沃茨是個壞人。

And as I sat there in his living room,

當我坐在他家的客廳裡時，

my fear and my anger turned into something else.

我的恐懼和憤怒轉變成其他的情緒。

Shame.

羞愧。

My whole life I had spent blaming him,

我花了整個人生責怪他、

hating him,

痛恨他、

I even wished him ill.

甚至詛咒他生病。

I had never once

我從來都沒有

thought about his struggle, his choices.

想到他的掙扎與選項。

Could he be a potential ally?

他會不會是一個潛在的盟友呢？

I never had thought

我從來沒有想到

he feels as trapped as the chickens.

他就和雞群一樣感到受困其中。

So we had been sitting there for hours

我們已經在那裡坐了幾個小時，

and the midday turned into afternoon,

從中午坐到下午、

turned into dusk, turned into darkness,

坐到黃昏、坐到黑夜。

and he suddenly said,

然後他突然說：

"OK, are you ready to see the chickens?"

「好吧。那你準備好 去看那些雞了嗎？」

So under the cover of darkness,

所以在夜幕之下，

we walked towards one of these long, gray houses.

我們走向這些長長的灰色屋舍之一。

And he swung open the door

他推開了門，

and we stepped inside,

我們踏入屋內，

and we were hit with this overpowering smell

一股強烈的氣味朝我們撲來，

and every muscle in my body tensed up

我身上的每一吋肌肉都緊繃起來，

and I coughed and my eyes teared.

我開始咳嗽又泛淚。

I was too overwhelmed by my own physical discomfort,

生理上的不適讓我太難受了，

I didn't even look around at first,

我甚至忘了先觀察四周，

but when I did,

但是當我觀察到時，

what I saw brought me to tears.

眼前見到的景象使我落淚。

Tens of thousands of newly hatched chicks

成千上萬隻破殼而出的小雞，

in this darkened warehouse

在這個逐漸黯淡的倉庫裡，

with nowhere to go and nothing to do.

無處可去且無所適從。

Over the next few months, I returned many times,

接下來的幾個月，

我和導演雷根‧霍奇回去那裡很多次，

with filmmaker Raegan Hodge,

to record, to understand,

為了記錄、瞭解，

to build trust with Craig.

並和克雷格建立信任。

And I walked his houses with him

我陪他走過他的雞舍，

as he picked up dead and dying birds,

他一邊拾起已經死掉的、垂死的、

birds with messed-up legs and trouble breathing

腳長得畸形的、呼吸困難的，

and difficulty walking.

和無法好好行走的鳥兒。

And all of this we caught on film.

我們用鏡頭將這些全捕捉下來。

And then we decided to do something

然後，我們決定做一件

I don't think either he or I ever expected to do when we first met.

我認為我們在初次見面時 都沒想到會做的事。

We decided to release that footage.

我們決定要公開這些影像。

And that was really risky for both of us.

這會為我們兩人都帶來非常高的風險。

It was risky for him because he could lose his income,

對他來說風險很高， 因為他可能會失去收入來源、

his home, his land, his neighbors hating him.

失去他的家和土地， 並且讓他的鄰居討厭他。

And I could risk getting my organization sued,

而我可能會使我的組織遭到控告、

or being the reason that he would lose everything,

或成為他失去一切的禍因。

but we had to do it anyway.

但儘管如此，我們必須這麼做。

"The New York Times" broke the story

《紐約時報》發布報導，

and within 24 hours,

在二十四小時內，

a million people had seen our video.

已經有一百萬的人看了我們的影片。

It went viral by every definition,

從各種意義來看，它爆紅了，

and suddenly we had this global platform

接著我們突然有了全球性的平台

for talking about factory farming.

來討論工廠化養殖業。

And working with Craig got me thinking.

而和克雷格的合作使我思考一些問題：

What other unlikely allies are out there?

外頭還有哪些意想不到的的盟友？

What other progress,

若我跨入敵人的地盤，

what other lessons can I learn if I cross those enemy lines?

我還可以有哪些進展、學到哪些教訓？

The first lesson I learned

我學到的第一條教訓是

is that we have to become comfortable with being uncomfortable.

我們必須適應跨出舒適圈。

Only talking to people who agree with us,

若只有和我們持相同意見的人說話，

it's not going to get us to the solution.

是不會幫我們找到解決方案的。

We have to be willing to enter other people's space.

我們必須願意進到其他人的地盤。

Because quite often,

因為很多時候，

the enemy has the power to change the problem

敵人才有能力改變

that we're trying to solve.

我們試著解決的問題。

In my case, I'm not in charge of a single chicken.

以我來說，沒有任何一隻雞 是歸我管的，

The farmer is and so are the meat companies.

農夫和肉品公司才是負責的人。

So I need to enter their space if I want to solve the problem.

所以我如果我想要解決問題， 就必須進入他們的地盤。

And a couple of years after working with Craig,

在與克雷格合作之後，過了幾年，

I did something again I never expected to do.

我再一次做了當初從未預期到的事，

I sat down with an even bigger so-called enemy:

我和一位更大的、所謂的 敵人坐下進行談話，

Jim Perdue himself.

他正是寶鵰的總裁吉姆‧佩德。

The man I had made the villain of my viral video.

在我的爆紅影片裡，我將他當成壞人。

And again, through difficult conversations

再次，透過幾場艱難的對話

and being uncomfortable,

並跨出自己的舒適圈，

Perdue came out with the first animal care policy

佩德發起了家禽業公司有史以來

of any poultry company.

第一套的動物照護政策。

In it, they agreed to do

他們同意在這個政策中

some of the things we had criticized them for not doing in the viral video,

做到一些我們在影片中批評 他們沒做到的事情，

like put windows into houses.

像是為房舍裝設窗戶，

And pay for them.

並為此幫忙付錢。

And that was a really important lesson for me.

對我來說，這真是一堂寶貴的教訓。

The second lesson

第二條教訓是：

is that when we sit down to negotiate

當我們坐下來和敵人

with the enemy,

協商時，

we need to remember, there's a human being in front of us

我們必須記得， 我們面對的同樣是位人類，

that very likely has more in common with us

而且很可能和我們有很多共通點，

than we care to admit.

但我們不願意承認。

And I learned this firsthand

當我被邀請去參訪

when I was invited to visit at a major poultry company's headquarters.

一家大型家禽業公司的總部時， 我親身體悟到這條教訓。

And it was the first time that my organization had been invited,

這是我的組織第一次被邀請，

and any organization had been invited, to visit with them.

也是在他們邀請的組織當中， 第一個赴約來參訪的。

And as we walked through the corridor,

而當我們經過長廊時，

there were literally people who were peeking our from the cubicles

真的有人從辦公室隔間探頭出來偷看，

to get a quick look at what does an animal rights activist look like,

看一下動物權利的運動家 到底長甚麼樣子。

and we walked --

而我們走過──

I look like this, so I don't know what they were expecting.

我就長這個樣子，所以我不知道 他們預期的是甚麼。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But as we walked into the boardroom,

但當我走進會議室，

there was an executive who was in charge, sitting there.

有一位負責的行政主管，坐在那裡。

And his arms were crossed

他將手臂交叉在胸前，

and he did not want me to be there.

看來他不想在那裡見到我。

And I flipped open my laptop,

我打開我的筆電，

and my background photo came up,

我的桌面背景出現，

and it was a picture of my three kids.

那是一張我的三個小孩的照片。

My daughter clearly looks different than my sons.

我女兒很明顯長得跟我兒子不一樣。

And when he saw that photo he uncrossed his arms

而當他看到那張照片時，他放下了手臂

and he tilted his head and he leaned forward and he said,

且歪著頭，往前靠近，並說：

"Are those your kids?"

「那些是妳的小孩嗎？」

And I said, "Yeah.

我說：「是的。

I just got back from adopting my daughter -- "

我才剛領養了我的女兒──」

And I babbled on way too much for a professional meeting.

對於一場專業會議而言， 我講了太多廢話了。

And he stopped me and he said,

他打斷了我，又說：

"I have two adopted kids."

「我有兩個領養的小孩。」

And for the next 20 minutes,

接下來的二十分鐘，

we just talked about that.

我們就只聊那件事。

We talked about adoption and being a parent

我們談論關於領養和做家長的事情。

and in those moments,

在那個時刻，

we forgot who we were supposed to be

我們忘記了在那張桌上我們所應該

at that table.

扮演的角色。

And the walls came down,

高牆傾倒了，

and a bridge was built and we crossed this divide.

我們搭建起一道橋樑， 跨越彼此的界線。

And more progress was made with that company

我們在這家公司上得到更多的進展，

because of that human connection that we made.

多虧我們所建立的人性連結。

My last lesson for you

我要分享的最後一條教訓是：

is that when we sit down with the so-called enemy,

當我們坐下來和所謂的敵人談話時，

we need to look for the win-win.

我們必須找出雙贏的可能。

Instead of going in with farmers like Craig Watts

在拜訪了像克雷格‧沃茨 這樣的農夫之後，

and thinking, "I need to put them out of farming,"

我想的並不是： 「我得叫他們別做這行了。」

I started to think how can I help them be different kinds of farmers,

我開始想我可以如何幫助 他們成為不同類型的農夫，

like, growing hemp or mushrooms.

像是，去種大麻或香菇。

And a farmer I later worked with did exactly that.

一位後來和我合作的農夫 就真的去種了。

He did do the exposé with me and filmed,

他也和我一同參與 曝光報導也拍了影片，

and we went with "The New York Times" again,

我們又再一次找上《紐約時報》，

but he went beyond that.

但他所做的還不只這樣。

He quit chicken factory farming,

他放棄了養雞，

and it turns out

結果他發現，

that those big, long, gray warehouses

那幾間又大、又長的灰色農舍，

are the perfect environment

是可以用來種別種作物的

for growing something else.

完美生長環境。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

That's hemp, people, that's hemp.

那正是大麻，各位，是大麻！

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Here is an environmentally friendly way to stay on the land,

他可以用環保的謀生方式留在農場，

to pay the bills,

並付清帳單，

that a vegan animal rights activist

而這是一位吃全素的動物權利運動家

and a chicken farmer can get behind.

與一位養雞的農夫都能認同的做法。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And instead of thinking,

與其想著

how can I get these big meat companies out of business,

我如何讓這些肉品公司關門大吉，

I started thinking, how can I help them evolve into a different kind of business.

我開始思考，如何幫他們 發展不同的產業。

One where the protein doesn't come from slaughtered animals,

他們可以不靠屠殺動物來取得蛋白質，

but rather, plants.

而是從植物身上取得。

And believe it or not,

信不信由你，

these big companies are starting to move their ships in that direction.

這些大公司正要開始朝這方向發展。

Cargill and Tyson and Perdue are adding plant-based proteins

嘉吉、泰森和寶鵰正在把植物蛋白

into their supply chain.

列入他們的供應鏈。

And Perdue himself said that,

佩德本人則說：

"Our company is a premium protein company,

「我們的公司是提供優質蛋白質的公司，

and nothing about that says that it has to come from animals."

而蛋白質不必來自於動物。」

And in my own home town of Atlanta,

在我的家鄉亞特蘭大，

KFC did a one-day trial with Beyond Meat,

肯德基攜手「超越肉類」， 進行了素食炸雞的

for plant-based chicken nuggets.

一日試賣活動。

And it was insane,

反應超乎想像，

there were lines wrapped around the corner,

排隊隊伍繞了街角好幾圈，

there was traffic stopped in all directions,

四面八方都塞車，

you would think they were giving out free Beyoncé tickets.

你會以為他們是在免費放送 碧昂絲的演唱會門票。

People are ready for this shift.

大家已經準備好接受改變。

We need to build a big tent

我們必須搭建一個可以讓所有人

that everyone can get under.

都能進來避雨的帳篷。

From the chicken factory farmer,

從養雞場的農夫，

to the mega meat company,

到大型肉品公司，

to the animal rights activist.

到動物權利運動家。

And these lessons,

而這些教訓，

they can apply to many causes,

可以應用在其他許多事情上，

whether it be with a problem with an ex,

像是和前任情人、鄰居、

a neighbor or an in-law.

或姻親之間發生的小問題。

Or with some of the biggest problems of exploitation and oppression,

或是一些與剝削或壓迫有關的大問題，

like factory farming,

例如工廠化養殖、

or misogyny or racism or climate change.

厭女、種族歧視或氣候變遷。

The world's smallest and biggest problems,

世界上大大小小的問題，

they won't be solved by beating down our enemies

並不是靠我們打倒敵人便可解決，

but by finding these win-win pathways together.

而是得透過雙方一起找出雙贏的出路。

It does require us

這需要我們

to let go of that idea of us versus them

拋棄他們和我們對立的觀念，

and realize there's only one us,

並領悟在不公義的體制面前，

all of us,

只有一個「我們」，

against an unjust system.

我們其實是一體的。

And it is difficult,

要做到這樣，

and messy, and uncomfortable.

是很困難、混亂且令人不舒服的。

But it is critical.

但這非常重要。

And maybe the only way

也可能只有這方法

to build that compassionate food system

才能建立人道良善的糧食體系，

that we all, from the chicken to the chicken farmer

是我們──從雞群、養雞的農夫，

to the mega meat company, to all of us,

到大型肉品公司，以及到所有人──

deserve.

都應得的。

Thank you.

感謝聆聽。

(Applause)

（掌聲）