请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Hong Li
校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
Joan Blades: Do you have
politically diverse friends?
0
12948
2598
琼·布雷兹:你有政见不同的朋友吗?
00:15
What do you talk about with them?
1
15925
1652
你会跟他们聊些什么?
00:18
I'm a progressive; I live
in a town full of progressives,
2
18076
2830
我是一个进步派,
我生活的地方全是进步派,
00:20
and 15 years ago, I didn't have
any conservative friends.
3
20930
3648
15年前,我的朋友中
没有一个是保守党。
00:24
Now I have a wonderful mix of friends,
4
24602
2764
而现在我的朋友各种各样,
00:27
and they include John.
5
27390
1387
包括约翰。
00:29
John Gable: I am not a progressive.
6
29354
1753
约翰·盖博:我不是进步派。
00:31
I'm a Republican who grew up
in a Republican family
7
31672
2879
我是共和党人,
出生在一个共和党家庭,
00:34
in the conservative South,
8
34575
1281
来自保守的南方,
00:35
and even worked in Republican politics,
locally and at the national level.
9
35880
3680
甚至一直在共和党做事,
之前在老家,后来到了全国级别。
00:39
But the last 24 years,
I've been in technology
10
39584
2548
但在过去的24年间,
我从事技术工作,
00:42
and living in a very progressive area.
11
42156
2303
生活在进步派地区。
00:44
So I have a lot of progressive friends,
12
44483
1900
因此我有许多进步派的朋友,
00:46
including Joan.
13
46407
1433
包括琼。
00:48
JB: I was born in Berkeley, California,
14
48666
2504
JB:我出生在加州的伯克利,
00:51
a notoriously progressive college town.
15
51194
2483
众所周知,那里是
进步主义盛行的大学城。
00:54
And I live there now.
16
54299
1689
我现在也住在那儿。
00:56
In 1998, six months into the Monica
Lewinsky-Clinton impeachment scandal,
17
56891
5699
1998年,莱温斯基和克林顿的丑闻
进行到第6个月。
01:02
I helped cofound MoveOn.org
with a one-sentence petition:
18
62614
4557
我参与共建了MoveOn.org网站,
有一句请愿的话:
01:07
"Congress must immediately
censure the president
19
67195
3307
“国会必须立即谴责总统,
01:10
and move on to pressing issues
facing the nation."
20
70526
2957
并转而处理国家面临的
更紧迫问题。”
01:13
Now, that was actually
a very unifying petition in many ways.
21
73507
3576
从很多方面来看,
那是一句非常有凝聚力的谴责。
01:17
You could love Clinton or hate Clinton
22
77107
2218
无论你对克林顿是爱是恨,
01:19
and agree that the best thing
for the country was to move on.
23
79349
3977
都会认同,对于国家而言,
最好的方法就是继续前进。
01:23
As the leader of MoveOn,
I saw the polarization just continue.
24
83858
4575
作为MoveOn的领头人,
我看到两极分化在持续。
01:28
And I found myself wondering
25
88457
1932
我不禁在想,
01:31
why I saw things so differently
26
91557
2483
为什么我看待事情的方式,
01:34
than many people
in other parts of the country.
27
94064
2677
跟这个国家其他地方的人会不一样。
01:36
So in 2005, when I had an opportunity
to get together with grassroots leaders
28
96765
6206
于是在2005年,当我有机会
接触一些草根领袖
01:42
across the political divide,
29
102995
2207
我们政见不同,
01:45
I grabbed it.
30
105226
1466
我抓住了这个机会。
01:47
And I became friends with a lot of people
31
107144
2706
我跟很多人成为了朋友,
01:49
I never had a chance to talk to before.
32
109874
3152
之前可能都没有机会说话。
01:53
And that included leadership
in the Christian Coalition,
33
113050
3274
包括基督徒联盟的领导层,
01:56
often seen as on the right
the way MoveOn is seen as on the left.
34
116348
4425
他们通常被认为是右派,
而MoveON被认为是左派。
02:00
And this lead to me
showing up on Capitol Hill
35
120797
3347
于是我去了国会山,
02:04
with one of the Christian Coalition
leaders, my friend,
36
124168
4264
跟基督徒联盟的一个领导人,
他是我朋友,
02:08
to lobby for net neutrality.
37
128456
1972
一起游说关于网络中立的问题。
02:10
That was powerful.
38
130452
1151
非常有效。
02:11
We turned heads.
39
131627
1378
我们扭转了局势。
02:13
So this work was transformational for me.
40
133915
3692
这件事给我带来了巨大的转变。
02:17
And I found myself wondering:
41
137997
2380
我开始思考:
02:20
How could vast numbers of people
have the opportunity
42
140401
3841
如何才能让大众有机会
02:24
to really connect with people
that have very different views?
43
144266
3574
去跟那些与自己有不同观点的人
真正建立联系?
02:28
JG: I was born Oneida, Tennessee,
44
148972
2017
JG:我出生在田纳西州的奥奈达,
02:31
right across the state border
from a small coal mining town,
45
151013
4662
穿过州界线,有一个产煤的小镇,
02:35
Stearns, Kentucky.
46
155699
1317
肯塔基州的斯特恩斯。
02:37
And I lived there
for the first few years of my life,
47
157040
2516
我出生后头几年都在那儿生活,
02:39
before moving to another small town,
Frankfort, Kentucky.
48
159580
2744
后来我又搬到了另一个小镇,
肯塔基州的法兰克福。
基本上我是在美国的小镇长大的,
02:42
Basically, I grew up
in small-town America,
49
162348
2100
那里以保守著称。
02:44
conservative at its heart.
50
164472
1384
02:46
Now, Stearns and Berkeley --
they're a little different.
51
166908
3666
当然,斯特恩斯跟伯克利,
还是有那么一点点区别的。
02:50
(Laughter)
52
170598
2059
(笑声)
02:53
So in the '90s I moved out west
to a progressive area
53
173543
3612
90年代我搬到了西部,
进步主义的地区,
02:57
to work in technology --
54
177179
1527
在技术行业工作,
02:58
worked at Microsoft, worked at Netscape.
55
178730
2072
在微软,在网景。
03:00
I actually became the product manager lead
for Netscape Navigator,
56
180826
3189
后来做了网景导航的
产品经理负责人,
网景导航是第一款主流的浏览器。
03:04
the first popular web browser.
57
184039
1518
03:06
Now in the early days of the internet,
58
186204
1891
在因特网发展早期,
我们都被一个愿景激励和打动:
03:08
we were just moved
and inspired by a vision:
59
188119
3176
03:11
when we're connected to all
these different people around the world
60
191319
3247
当我们可以将全世界不同的人,
不同的想法都连接起来的时候,
03:14
and all these different ideas,
61
194590
1518
我们就能做出伟大的决定,
03:16
we'll be able to make great decisions,
62
196132
1826
03:17
and we'll be able to appreciate each other
63
197982
2020
就能对世界的多姿多彩
心怀感恩之心。
03:20
for the beautiful diversity
that the whole world has to offer.
64
200026
2969
20年前,我还进行过一次演讲,
03:23
Now I also, 20 years ago, gave a speech
65
203019
1913
03:24
saying it might not work out that way,
66
204956
1832
说事情可能并不会这样发展,
03:27
that we might actually be trained
to discriminate against each other
67
207645
3685
我们可能会被训练用新的方法
03:31
in new ways.
68
211354
1290
来区别对待对方。
03:34
So what happened?
69
214357
1400
为什么会这样?
03:36
It's not like we just woke up one day
and decided to hate each other more.
70
216233
3625
并不是说我们某天醒来,
一拍脑袋决定更加恨彼此。
03:40
Here's what happened.
71
220532
1693
情况是这样的。
03:42
There's just too much noise --
too many people, too many ideas --
72
222249
3112
只不过有太多杂音,太多的人,
太多的主意,
03:45
so we use technology
to filter it out a little bit.
73
225385
2512
我们要利用技术过滤掉一些。
03:47
And what happens?
74
227921
1472
结果会怎样呢?
03:49
It lets in ideas I already agree with.
75
229417
2639
它会让我已经认同的观点进入。
03:52
It lets in the popular ideas,
76
232080
1912
让最主流的观点进入,
03:54
it lets in people just like me
who think just like me.
77
234016
2794
让跟我类似的人,
跟我思维方式相同的人进入。
03:56
That sounds kind of good, right?
78
236834
1692
听起来很不错,对吗?
03:58
Well, not necessarily,
79
238911
2156
然而并不一定,
04:01
because two very scary things happen
80
241091
2923
因为我们的世界观如此狭隘的话,
04:04
when we have such narrow worldviews.
81
244038
2178
会发生2件很可怕的事情。
04:06
First, we become more extreme
in our beliefs.
82
246902
3424
首先,我们对自己所相信的事
会变得偏激。
04:11
Second, we become less tolerant
of anybody who's different than we are.
83
251272
4637
其次,我们对于跟自己不同的人
会越来越不宽容。
04:18
Does this sound familiar?
84
258266
1583
听起来是不是有点熟悉?
04:20
Does this sound like modern America?
The modern world?
85
260856
2933
这还是现代的美国?现代的世界吗?
04:24
Well, the good news is
that technology is changing,
86
264365
2463
但好消息是,技术在变化,
04:26
and it could change for the better.
87
266852
1686
向着好的方向变化。
04:28
And that's, in fact,
why I started AllSides.com --
88
268562
2437
这就是我创办AllSides.com的原因,
04:31
to create technologies and services
to free us from these filter bubbles.
89
271023
3745
提供技术和服务,
来打破这些过滤气泡。
04:35
The very first thing we did was create
technology that identifies bias,
90
275381
3572
我们首先发明了一项技术,
来分辨各种倾向,
04:38
so we could show different
perspectives side by side
91
278977
3245
把不同的观点放在一起展示,
04:42
to free us from the filter
bubbles of news media.
92
282246
3376
帮我们打破新媒体的过滤气泡。
04:46
And then I met Joan.
93
286193
1937
后来我遇到了琼。
04:49
JB: So I met John outside
of Washington, DC,
94
289291
3369
JB:我是在华盛顿郊外遇到的约翰,
04:52
with an idealistic group
of cross-partisan bridge builders,
95
292684
5774
他跟一群理想主义者在一起,
希望搭建跨党派交流的桥梁,
04:58
and we wanted to re-weave
the fabric of our communities.
96
298482
3603
我们都希望重塑社区的结构。
05:02
We believe that our differences
can be a strength,
97
302109
4401
我们相信,我们的不同
能成为一种力量,
05:06
that our values can be complimentary
98
306534
2859
我们的价值观都值得赞美,
05:09
and that we have to overcome the fight
99
309417
2951
我们要终结对抗,
05:12
so that we can honor everyone's values
100
312392
2496
才能尊重彼此的价值观,
05:14
and not lose any of our own.
101
314912
1685
同时也不必放弃自己的价值观。
05:17
I went for this wonderful walk with John,
102
317051
2030
我跟约翰边走边聊,很开心,
05:19
where I started learning
about the work he was doing
103
319105
2496
我开始了解他所做的事情,
05:21
to pierce the filter bubble.
104
321625
1476
打破信息过滤的气泡。
05:23
It was powerful;
105
323756
1337
很有力量,
05:25
it was brilliant.
106
325117
1250
天才的想法。
05:27
Living in separate narratives is not good.
107
327137
3396
生活在孤立的舆论中并不好。
05:30
We can't even have a conversation
or do collaborative problem-solving
108
330907
3861
如果我们不分享同一件事,
我们甚至无法进行对话,
05:34
when we don't share the same facts.
109
334792
2324
或者合作来解决问题。
05:38
JG: So one thing you take away from today
110
338605
1978
JG:所以今天学到的一件事就是,
05:40
is if Joan Blades asks you
to go on a walk,
111
340607
2370
如果琼·布雷兹叫你去散步,
05:43
go on that walk.
112
343001
1286
你一定要去。
05:44
(Laughter)
113
344311
1109
(笑声)
05:45
It changed things. It really changed
the way I was thinking about things.
114
345968
3496
这真的带来了改变,
改变了我思考问题的方式。
05:49
To free ourselves from the filter bubbles,
115
349488
2094
把我们从过滤气泡中解救出来,
除了信息过滤气泡,
05:51
we can't just think about
information filter bubbles,
116
351606
2540
还有人际关系和社交的过滤气泡。
05:54
but also relationship
and social filter bubbles.
117
354170
2688
05:56
You see, we human beings -- we're not
nearly as smart as we think we are.
118
356882
3460
我们人类,并没有
自认为的那么聪明。
我们大部分时间
都不会理智地做决定。
06:00
We don't generally make
decisions intellectually.
119
360366
2457
06:02
We make them emotionally, intuitively,
120
362847
1907
而是凭感觉,凭直觉,
06:04
and then we use our big old brains
121
364778
1721
然后用我们又大又老的大脑,
06:06
to rationalize anything
we want to rationalize.
122
366523
2414
为所有事情找一个合理的解释。
06:08
We're not really like Vulcans
like Mr. Spock,
123
368961
3415
我们不像瓦肯人,不像史波克先生,
06:12
we're more like bold cowboys
like Captain Kirk,
124
372400
3362
而更像柯克船长那样的冒失牛仔,
06:15
or passionate idealists like Dr. McCoy.
125
375786
3326
或者像麦科伊博士那样
充满激情的理想主义者。
06:19
OK, for those of y'all who prefer
the new "Star Trek" crew,
126
379504
2889
好吧,知道你们这些人更喜欢
新《星际迷航》的船员,
满足你们。
06:22
here you go.
127
382417
1152
06:23
(Laughter)
128
383593
1016
(笑声)
06:24
JB: Don't forget the strong women!
129
384633
1897
JB:别忘了坚强的女性们!
06:26
JG: Come on, strong women. OK.
130
386863
1463
JG:好吧,坚强的女性们。来了。
06:28
JB: All right.
131
388350
1177
JB:好的。
06:29
John and I are both "Star Trek" fans.
132
389551
1833
约翰和我都是《星际迷航》的粉丝。
06:31
What's not to love about a future
with that kind of optimism?
133
391408
4390
谁会不爱那么乐观的未来呢?
06:36
JG: And having a good future in mind
is a big deal -- very important.
134
396495
3623
JG:对未来充满憧憬
是一件大事,非常重要。
06:40
And understanding what the problem is
is very important.
135
400142
2748
知道问题出在哪儿,也非常重要。
06:42
But we have to do something.
136
402914
1378
但是我们必须要做点什么。
06:44
So what do we do?
137
404316
1183
我们要怎么做呢?
06:45
It's actually not that hard.
138
405523
1350
其实也没那么难。
06:46
We have to add diversity to our lives --
139
406897
2011
我们要增加生活的多样性,
06:48
not just information,
but relationship diversity.
140
408932
3317
不仅仅是信息的多样性,
还有人际关系。
06:52
And by diversity,
I mean big "D" diversity,
141
412273
2691
我说的多样性,
本身也是非常“多样”的,
06:54
not just racial and gender,
which are very important,
142
414988
2865
不仅在种族和性别方面,
这2者当然非常重要,
06:57
but also ...
143
417877
1218
但还包括,
06:59
diversity of age, like young and old;
144
419820
2720
年龄的多样性,
比如年轻的和年老的,
07:02
rural and urban;
145
422564
2199
农村的和城市的,
07:04
liberal and conservative;
146
424787
2082
自由的和保守的,
07:07
in the US, Democrat and Republican.
147
427428
2966
就美国而言,
也就是民主党人和共和党人。
07:10
Now, one of the great examples
of somebody freeing themselves
148
430418
3232
我这儿有一个非常好的例子,
她顺利打破了自己的过滤气泡,
07:13
from their filter bubbles
149
433674
1243
07:14
and getting a more diverse life
150
434941
1613
让自己的生活更加多样化,
07:16
is, once again, next to me -- Joan.
151
436578
2235
还是坐在我身边的这位,琼!
07:19
JB: So the question is:
152
439551
1370
JB:问大家一个问题,
07:21
Who among you has had
relationships lost or harmed
153
441388
4466
你们当中有谁,因为政治观点、
宗教信仰或者其他观点的不同,
07:25
due to differences in politics,
religion or whatever?
154
445878
3582
而导致关系受损甚至终结?
07:29
Raise your hands.
155
449484
1323
请举一下手。
07:31
Yeah.
156
451950
1158
好吧。
近一年来我跟许多人交流过,
07:33
This year I have talked to so many people
157
453132
2773
07:35
that have experienced that kind of loss.
158
455929
4304
他们都有过类似的经历。
07:41
I've seen tears well up in people's eyes
as they talk about family members
159
461487
4313
谈起自己形同陌路的家人,
07:45
from whom they're estranged.
160
465824
1539
他们眼里噙满了泪水。
07:48
Living Room Conversations were designed
161
468166
3698
“起居室对话”设计的初衷
07:51
to begin to heal political
and personal differences.
162
471888
5353
是为了弥合政治和个性上的不同。
07:57
They're simple conversations
163
477891
1712
形式很简单,
07:59
where two friends with different
viewpoints each invite two friends
164
479627
3619
2个持有不同观点的朋友,
各自再邀请2位朋友,
08:04
for structured conversation,
165
484274
1616
来进行交谈,
08:05
where everyone's agreed
to some simple ground rules:
166
485914
3032
每个人都遵守几项基本原则:
08:08
curiosity, listening,
respect, taking turns --
167
488970
3089
好奇,倾听,尊重,轮流发言,
08:12
everything we learned
in kindergarten, right?
168
492083
2108
这些是我们在幼儿园
就学会了的,对吗?
08:14
Really easy.
169
494215
1275
非常简单。
08:16
So by the time you're talking about
the topic you've agreed to talk about,
170
496017
4866
你们讨论着事先定好的话题,
随着交流的继续,
08:20
you actually have the sense that,
171
500907
1641
你慢慢感觉到,
08:22
"You know, I kind of like this person,"
172
502572
1950
“其实,我还挺喜欢这个人的,”
08:24
and you listen to each other differently.
173
504546
2316
于是你倾听的方式都改变了。
08:26
That's kind of a human condition;
174
506886
1594
这就是人类的特点,
08:28
we listen differently
to people we care about.
175
508504
2270
对于自己在乎的人,
我们会更愿意倾听。
08:31
And then there's reflection
176
511159
1976
然后你可能有新的想法,
08:33
and possibly next steps.
177
513820
1998
交谈会继续下去。
08:36
This is a deep listening practice;
178
516301
2639
这就是深度倾听的一个实践,
08:38
it's never a debate.
179
518964
1396
并不是要辩论什么。
08:41
And that's incredibly powerful.
180
521172
2170
难以置信的有效。
08:43
These conversations
in our own living rooms
181
523366
4314
这些交谈就发生在
我们自己家的起居室,
08:47
with people who have different viewpoints
182
527704
2693
交谈对象是拥有不同观点的人,
08:50
are an incredible adventure.
183
530421
2016
这真的是一场不可思议的冒险。
08:52
We rediscover that we can respect
and even love people
184
532461
3419
我们发现,对于跟我们不同的人,
08:55
that are different from us.
185
535904
1734
我们也可以尊重,甚至可以去爱。
08:58
And it's powerful.
186
538148
1767
非常有力量。
09:01
JG: So, what are you curious about?
187
541014
2614
JG:那么,你们对什么感到好奇?
09:04
JB: What's the conversation
you yearn to have?
188
544061
2714
JB:你们渴望进行一场
什么样的对话?
09:07
JG: Let's do this together.
189
547199
1395
JG:我们一起努力吧。
09:09
Together.
190
549177
1150
一起努力。
09:10
JB: Yes.
191
550698
1151
JB:好的!
09:11
(Laughter)
192
551873
1023
(笑声)
09:12
(Applause)
193
552920
2190
(掌声)
09:15
JB and JG: Thank you.
194
555134
1160
JB&JG:谢谢大家。
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
关于本网站
这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。