Free yourself from your filter bubbles | Joan Blades and John Gable

116,152 views ・ 2018-01-12

TED


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翻译人员: Hong Li 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
Joan Blades: Do you have politically diverse friends?
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琼·布雷兹:你有政见不同的朋友吗?
00:15
What do you talk about with them?
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你会跟他们聊些什么?
00:18
I'm a progressive; I live in a town full of progressives,
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我是一个进步派, 我生活的地方全是进步派,
00:20
and 15 years ago, I didn't have any conservative friends.
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15年前,我的朋友中 没有一个是保守党。
00:24
Now I have a wonderful mix of friends,
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而现在我的朋友各种各样,
00:27
and they include John.
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包括约翰。
00:29
John Gable: I am not a progressive.
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约翰·盖博:我不是进步派。
00:31
I'm a Republican who grew up in a Republican family
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我是共和党人, 出生在一个共和党家庭,
00:34
in the conservative South,
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来自保守的南方,
00:35
and even worked in Republican politics, locally and at the national level.
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甚至一直在共和党做事, 之前在老家,后来到了全国级别。
00:39
But the last 24 years, I've been in technology
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但在过去的24年间, 我从事技术工作,
00:42
and living in a very progressive area.
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生活在进步派地区。
00:44
So I have a lot of progressive friends,
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因此我有许多进步派的朋友,
00:46
including Joan.
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包括琼。
00:48
JB: I was born in Berkeley, California,
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JB:我出生在加州的伯克利,
00:51
a notoriously progressive college town.
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众所周知,那里是 进步主义盛行的大学城。
00:54
And I live there now.
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我现在也住在那儿。
00:56
In 1998, six months into the Monica Lewinsky-Clinton impeachment scandal,
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1998年,莱温斯基和克林顿的丑闻 进行到第6个月。
01:02
I helped cofound MoveOn.org with a one-sentence petition:
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我参与共建了MoveOn.org网站, 有一句请愿的话:
01:07
"Congress must immediately censure the president
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“国会必须立即谴责总统,
01:10
and move on to pressing issues facing the nation."
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并转而处理国家面临的 更紧迫问题。”
01:13
Now, that was actually a very unifying petition in many ways.
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从很多方面来看, 那是一句非常有凝聚力的谴责。
01:17
You could love Clinton or hate Clinton
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无论你对克林顿是爱是恨,
01:19
and agree that the best thing for the country was to move on.
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都会认同,对于国家而言, 最好的方法就是继续前进。
01:23
As the leader of MoveOn, I saw the polarization just continue.
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作为MoveOn的领头人, 我看到两极分化在持续。
01:28
And I found myself wondering
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我不禁在想,
01:31
why I saw things so differently
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为什么我看待事情的方式,
01:34
than many people in other parts of the country.
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跟这个国家其他地方的人会不一样。
01:36
So in 2005, when I had an opportunity to get together with grassroots leaders
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于是在2005年,当我有机会 接触一些草根领袖
01:42
across the political divide,
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我们政见不同,
01:45
I grabbed it.
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我抓住了这个机会。
01:47
And I became friends with a lot of people
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我跟很多人成为了朋友,
01:49
I never had a chance to talk to before.
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之前可能都没有机会说话。
01:53
And that included leadership in the Christian Coalition,
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包括基督徒联盟的领导层,
01:56
often seen as on the right the way MoveOn is seen as on the left.
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他们通常被认为是右派, 而MoveON被认为是左派。
02:00
And this lead to me showing up on Capitol Hill
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于是我去了国会山,
02:04
with one of the Christian Coalition leaders, my friend,
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跟基督徒联盟的一个领导人, 他是我朋友,
02:08
to lobby for net neutrality.
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一起游说关于网络中立的问题。
02:10
That was powerful.
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非常有效。
02:11
We turned heads.
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我们扭转了局势。
02:13
So this work was transformational for me.
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这件事给我带来了巨大的转变。
02:17
And I found myself wondering:
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我开始思考:
02:20
How could vast numbers of people have the opportunity
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如何才能让大众有机会
02:24
to really connect with people that have very different views?
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去跟那些与自己有不同观点的人 真正建立联系?
02:28
JG: I was born Oneida, Tennessee,
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JG:我出生在田纳西州的奥奈达,
02:31
right across the state border from a small coal mining town,
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穿过州界线,有一个产煤的小镇,
02:35
Stearns, Kentucky.
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肯塔基州的斯特恩斯。
02:37
And I lived there for the first few years of my life,
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我出生后头几年都在那儿生活,
02:39
before moving to another small town, Frankfort, Kentucky.
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后来我又搬到了另一个小镇, 肯塔基州的法兰克福。
基本上我是在美国的小镇长大的,
02:42
Basically, I grew up in small-town America,
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那里以保守著称。
02:44
conservative at its heart.
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02:46
Now, Stearns and Berkeley -- they're a little different.
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当然,斯特恩斯跟伯克利, 还是有那么一点点区别的。
02:50
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
02:53
So in the '90s I moved out west to a progressive area
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90年代我搬到了西部, 进步主义的地区,
02:57
to work in technology --
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在技术行业工作,
02:58
worked at Microsoft, worked at Netscape.
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在微软,在网景。
03:00
I actually became the product manager lead for Netscape Navigator,
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后来做了网景导航的 产品经理负责人,
网景导航是第一款主流的浏览器。
03:04
the first popular web browser.
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03:06
Now in the early days of the internet,
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在因特网发展早期,
我们都被一个愿景激励和打动:
03:08
we were just moved and inspired by a vision:
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03:11
when we're connected to all these different people around the world
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当我们可以将全世界不同的人,
不同的想法都连接起来的时候,
03:14
and all these different ideas,
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我们就能做出伟大的决定,
03:16
we'll be able to make great decisions,
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03:17
and we'll be able to appreciate each other
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就能对世界的多姿多彩
心怀感恩之心。
03:20
for the beautiful diversity that the whole world has to offer.
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20年前,我还进行过一次演讲,
03:23
Now I also, 20 years ago, gave a speech
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03:24
saying it might not work out that way,
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说事情可能并不会这样发展,
03:27
that we might actually be trained to discriminate against each other
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我们可能会被训练用新的方法
03:31
in new ways.
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来区别对待对方。
03:34
So what happened?
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为什么会这样?
03:36
It's not like we just woke up one day and decided to hate each other more.
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并不是说我们某天醒来, 一拍脑袋决定更加恨彼此。
03:40
Here's what happened.
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情况是这样的。
03:42
There's just too much noise -- too many people, too many ideas --
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只不过有太多杂音,太多的人, 太多的主意,
03:45
so we use technology to filter it out a little bit.
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我们要利用技术过滤掉一些。
03:47
And what happens?
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结果会怎样呢?
03:49
It lets in ideas I already agree with.
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它会让我已经认同的观点进入。
03:52
It lets in the popular ideas,
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让最主流的观点进入,
03:54
it lets in people just like me who think just like me.
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让跟我类似的人, 跟我思维方式相同的人进入。
03:56
That sounds kind of good, right?
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听起来很不错,对吗?
03:58
Well, not necessarily,
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然而并不一定,
04:01
because two very scary things happen
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因为我们的世界观如此狭隘的话,
04:04
when we have such narrow worldviews.
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会发生2件很可怕的事情。
04:06
First, we become more extreme in our beliefs.
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首先,我们对自己所相信的事 会变得偏激。
04:11
Second, we become less tolerant of anybody who's different than we are.
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其次,我们对于跟自己不同的人 会越来越不宽容。
04:18
Does this sound familiar?
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听起来是不是有点熟悉?
04:20
Does this sound like modern America? The modern world?
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这还是现代的美国?现代的世界吗?
04:24
Well, the good news is that technology is changing,
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但好消息是,技术在变化,
04:26
and it could change for the better.
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向着好的方向变化。
04:28
And that's, in fact, why I started AllSides.com --
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这就是我创办AllSides.com的原因,
04:31
to create technologies and services to free us from these filter bubbles.
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提供技术和服务, 来打破这些过滤气泡。
04:35
The very first thing we did was create technology that identifies bias,
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我们首先发明了一项技术, 来分辨各种倾向,
04:38
so we could show different perspectives side by side
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把不同的观点放在一起展示,
04:42
to free us from the filter bubbles of news media.
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帮我们打破新媒体的过滤气泡。
04:46
And then I met Joan.
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后来我遇到了琼。
04:49
JB: So I met John outside of Washington, DC,
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JB:我是在华盛顿郊外遇到的约翰,
04:52
with an idealistic group of cross-partisan bridge builders,
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他跟一群理想主义者在一起, 希望搭建跨党派交流的桥梁,
04:58
and we wanted to re-weave the fabric of our communities.
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我们都希望重塑社区的结构。
05:02
We believe that our differences can be a strength,
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我们相信,我们的不同 能成为一种力量,
05:06
that our values can be complimentary
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我们的价值观都值得赞美,
05:09
and that we have to overcome the fight
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我们要终结对抗,
05:12
so that we can honor everyone's values
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才能尊重彼此的价值观,
05:14
and not lose any of our own.
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同时也不必放弃自己的价值观。
05:17
I went for this wonderful walk with John,
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我跟约翰边走边聊,很开心,
05:19
where I started learning about the work he was doing
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我开始了解他所做的事情,
05:21
to pierce the filter bubble.
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打破信息过滤的气泡。
05:23
It was powerful;
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很有力量,
05:25
it was brilliant.
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天才的想法。
05:27
Living in separate narratives is not good.
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生活在孤立的舆论中并不好。
05:30
We can't even have a conversation or do collaborative problem-solving
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如果我们不分享同一件事, 我们甚至无法进行对话,
05:34
when we don't share the same facts.
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或者合作来解决问题。
05:38
JG: So one thing you take away from today
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JG:所以今天学到的一件事就是,
05:40
is if Joan Blades asks you to go on a walk,
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如果琼·布雷兹叫你去散步,
05:43
go on that walk.
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你一定要去。
05:44
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
05:45
It changed things. It really changed the way I was thinking about things.
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这真的带来了改变, 改变了我思考问题的方式。
05:49
To free ourselves from the filter bubbles,
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把我们从过滤气泡中解救出来,
除了信息过滤气泡,
05:51
we can't just think about information filter bubbles,
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还有人际关系和社交的过滤气泡。
05:54
but also relationship and social filter bubbles.
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05:56
You see, we human beings -- we're not nearly as smart as we think we are.
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我们人类,并没有 自认为的那么聪明。
我们大部分时间 都不会理智地做决定。
06:00
We don't generally make decisions intellectually.
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06:02
We make them emotionally, intuitively,
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而是凭感觉,凭直觉,
06:04
and then we use our big old brains
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然后用我们又大又老的大脑,
06:06
to rationalize anything we want to rationalize.
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为所有事情找一个合理的解释。
06:08
We're not really like Vulcans like Mr. Spock,
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我们不像瓦肯人,不像史波克先生,
06:12
we're more like bold cowboys like Captain Kirk,
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而更像柯克船长那样的冒失牛仔,
06:15
or passionate idealists like Dr. McCoy.
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或者像麦科伊博士那样 充满激情的理想主义者。
06:19
OK, for those of y'all who prefer the new "Star Trek" crew,
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好吧,知道你们这些人更喜欢 新《星际迷航》的船员,
满足你们。
06:22
here you go.
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06:23
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
06:24
JB: Don't forget the strong women!
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JB:别忘了坚强的女性们!
06:26
JG: Come on, strong women. OK.
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JG:好吧,坚强的女性们。来了。
06:28
JB: All right.
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JB:好的。
06:29
John and I are both "Star Trek" fans.
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约翰和我都是《星际迷航》的粉丝。
06:31
What's not to love about a future with that kind of optimism?
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谁会不爱那么乐观的未来呢?
06:36
JG: And having a good future in mind is a big deal -- very important.
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JG:对未来充满憧憬 是一件大事,非常重要。
06:40
And understanding what the problem is is very important.
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知道问题出在哪儿,也非常重要。
06:42
But we have to do something.
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但是我们必须要做点什么。
06:44
So what do we do?
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我们要怎么做呢?
06:45
It's actually not that hard.
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其实也没那么难。
06:46
We have to add diversity to our lives --
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我们要增加生活的多样性,
06:48
not just information, but relationship diversity.
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不仅仅是信息的多样性, 还有人际关系。
06:52
And by diversity, I mean big "D" diversity,
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我说的多样性, 本身也是非常“多样”的,
06:54
not just racial and gender, which are very important,
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不仅在种族和性别方面, 这2者当然非常重要,
06:57
but also ...
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但还包括,
06:59
diversity of age, like young and old;
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年龄的多样性, 比如年轻的和年老的,
07:02
rural and urban;
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农村的和城市的,
07:04
liberal and conservative;
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自由的和保守的,
07:07
in the US, Democrat and Republican.
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就美国而言, 也就是民主党人和共和党人。
07:10
Now, one of the great examples of somebody freeing themselves
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我这儿有一个非常好的例子,
她顺利打破了自己的过滤气泡,
07:13
from their filter bubbles
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07:14
and getting a more diverse life
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让自己的生活更加多样化,
07:16
is, once again, next to me -- Joan.
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还是坐在我身边的这位,琼!
07:19
JB: So the question is:
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JB:问大家一个问题,
07:21
Who among you has had relationships lost or harmed
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你们当中有谁,因为政治观点、 宗教信仰或者其他观点的不同,
07:25
due to differences in politics, religion or whatever?
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而导致关系受损甚至终结?
07:29
Raise your hands.
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请举一下手。
07:31
Yeah.
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好吧。
近一年来我跟许多人交流过,
07:33
This year I have talked to so many people
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07:35
that have experienced that kind of loss.
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他们都有过类似的经历。
07:41
I've seen tears well up in people's eyes as they talk about family members
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谈起自己形同陌路的家人,
07:45
from whom they're estranged.
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他们眼里噙满了泪水。
07:48
Living Room Conversations were designed
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“起居室对话”设计的初衷
07:51
to begin to heal political and personal differences.
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是为了弥合政治和个性上的不同。
07:57
They're simple conversations
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形式很简单,
07:59
where two friends with different viewpoints each invite two friends
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2个持有不同观点的朋友, 各自再邀请2位朋友,
08:04
for structured conversation,
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来进行交谈,
08:05
where everyone's agreed to some simple ground rules:
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每个人都遵守几项基本原则:
08:08
curiosity, listening, respect, taking turns --
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好奇,倾听,尊重,轮流发言,
08:12
everything we learned in kindergarten, right?
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这些是我们在幼儿园 就学会了的,对吗?
08:14
Really easy.
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非常简单。
08:16
So by the time you're talking about the topic you've agreed to talk about,
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你们讨论着事先定好的话题, 随着交流的继续,
08:20
you actually have the sense that,
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你慢慢感觉到,
08:22
"You know, I kind of like this person,"
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“其实,我还挺喜欢这个人的,”
08:24
and you listen to each other differently.
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于是你倾听的方式都改变了。
08:26
That's kind of a human condition;
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这就是人类的特点,
08:28
we listen differently to people we care about.
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对于自己在乎的人, 我们会更愿意倾听。
08:31
And then there's reflection
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然后你可能有新的想法,
08:33
and possibly next steps.
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交谈会继续下去。
08:36
This is a deep listening practice;
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这就是深度倾听的一个实践,
08:38
it's never a debate.
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并不是要辩论什么。
08:41
And that's incredibly powerful.
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难以置信的有效。
08:43
These conversations in our own living rooms
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这些交谈就发生在 我们自己家的起居室,
08:47
with people who have different viewpoints
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交谈对象是拥有不同观点的人,
08:50
are an incredible adventure.
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这真的是一场不可思议的冒险。
08:52
We rediscover that we can respect and even love people
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我们发现,对于跟我们不同的人,
08:55
that are different from us.
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我们也可以尊重,甚至可以去爱。
08:58
And it's powerful.
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非常有力量。
09:01
JG: So, what are you curious about?
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JG:那么,你们对什么感到好奇?
09:04
JB: What's the conversation you yearn to have?
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JB:你们渴望进行一场 什么样的对话?
09:07
JG: Let's do this together.
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JG:我们一起努力吧。
09:09
Together.
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一起努力。
09:10
JB: Yes.
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JB:好的!
09:11
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
09:12
(Applause)
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(掌声)
09:15
JB and JG: Thank you.
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JB&JG:谢谢大家。
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