What we're getting wrong in the fight to end hunger | Jasmine Crowe

翻译人员: Wanting Zhong 校对人员: Kiki Pen

In June of 2017,

2017 年 6 月，

I volunteered with a group at a local food pantry

我和一群人在我的家乡 佐治亚州亚特兰大市

on the south side of my home city

南边的一所食品救济站

in Atlanta, Georgia.

做志愿者。

It was a Friday afternoon,

那是个星期五下午，

the day of their weekly food giveaway.

是每周一次的食品派发日。

And as I drove up,

当我开车抵达时，

I saw people beginning to arrive,

我看到人们陆续到达，

many with their rolling carts in tow,

很多人都推着他们的小推车，

prepared to receive their food supply for the week.

准备领取那一周的食品供应。

As I was walking in the door, there were about 40 people outside

我走进门的时候，外面大概有 40 人

在排队等待。

waiting in line.

And I was so excited,

我非常激动，

because there are very few things I enjoy more than giving back.

因为我最喜欢的事情 莫过于回赠社会。

But then, as I entered the room where the volunteer meeting was taking place,

然而，当我走进志愿者会议室，

I immediately realized:

我立刻意识到：

we weren't about to give these people any real meals.

我们无法给这些人 提供任何一顿像样的饭。

We were essentially just giving them food.

我们本质上只是在 给他们提供食物。

I took my place on the assembly line, where -- get this --

我走到自己在流水线的位置， 接下来，听好了——

I was in charge of making sure that the Weight Watchers Ding Dongs

我负责确保 WW 牌 奶油夹心巧克力蛋糕

made it into every family's bag.

顺利进入每一家人的袋子里。

As the bags started to come around,

当袋子开始传过来时，

I'm thinking to myself:

我心想：

What on earth are we doing here?

我们到底在这里干什么？

Each bag contained two 20-ounce diet Snapples,

每个食品袋都装有： 两瓶 590 毫升思乐宝低糖饮料，

a gallon of barbecue sauce,

3.8 升烧烤酱，

a bag of kettle potato chips,

一包手切薯片，

a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles,

一盒超级英雄形状的 添加蔬菜成分的通心粉，

a box of belVita breakfast bars,

一盒贝唯他早餐棒，

a can of refried beans,

一罐焗豆泥，

a can of sweet peas,

一罐甜豌豆，

a miniature can of corn,

一小罐玉米，

I can't forget about those Ding Dongs

我没法忘记那些 奶油夹心蛋糕

and french fried green onions,

以及油炸葱碎，

you know, the kind that go on top of a green bean casserole.

就是洒在青豆砂锅煲 （美国感恩节特色菜品）上面的那种。

And that was it.

就这么多。

We made over a hundred of those bags that day,

那天我们制作了 超过一百个袋子，

and people indeed stood in line to receive one.

人们也的确排队领取了。

But a feeling came over me;

但我心中充斥着一种感觉；

I felt bad and a little angry.

我觉得很糟糕，还有一点愤怒。

It was like, how could I even feel good about the work that I was doing

当我明知道我们刚刚分配给 上百个家庭的那些食物

when I knew for a fact that not one meal was to come

from the food we had just given to over 100 families?

我还怎么可能对我的工作 自我感觉良好？

I mean, who wants to have a meal with barbecue sauce and Ding Dongs?

我的意思是，有谁会想拿 烧烤酱和奶油夹心蛋糕当饭啊？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And the reality is,

而现实是，

I've been part of this process all my life.

我一生都在参与这个过程：

I've participated in food drives,

我参加过食品募捐，

I've collected cans since I was a kid,

我小时候收集过食品罐头，

I've donated in the grocery store more times than I can count,

我给杂货店捐赠的次数 已经数不过来了，

I've volunteered at shelters, I've worked in food pantries,

我在收容所做志愿者， 我在食品救济站帮忙，

and I'm sure, like me, so many of you have, too.

并且我肯定， 你们很多人都和我一样。

In 2013, I even created a pop-up restaurant,

在 2013 年，我甚至创立了 一家叫做“星期日之魂”

called Sunday Soul.

的限时餐厅。

And I rented tables and chairs and linens

我租来了桌椅和桌布，

and I printed out menus

打印出菜单，

and I took these experiences to alleyways,

并将这种用餐的体验带到各个小巷、

underneath bridges and in parks

桥洞、公园中，

to allow people that were experiencing homelessness

让那些无家可归的人们

to dine with dignity.

也能体面地用餐。

So I've invested in this fight for quite some time.

我已经投身这场斗争不少时日。

In almost every major US city,

在几乎所有的美国主要城市中，

the food bank is viewed as a beloved community institution.

食品救济站都被视为 深受喜爱的社区机构。

Corporations send volunteers down on a weekly basis

公司每周都派送志愿者

分拣食物、为需要的人 制作一盒盒食品。

to sort through food items and make boxes of food for the needy.

And can drives --

还有罐头募捐——

they warm the hearts of schools and office buildings that participate

这些活动温暖了参与 的学校与公司的心灵，

and fill the shelves of food banks and food pantries across the nation.

并填满了全国各地食品仓库 与食品救济站的货架。

This is how we work to end hunger.

这就是我们努力消除饥饿的方式。

And what I've come to realize

而我也渐渐开始意识到，

is that we are doing hunger wrong.

我们对付饥饿的方式是错误的。

We are doing the same things

我们在一遍又一遍地

over and over and over again

重复同样的做法，

and expecting a different end result.

却期盼能获得不同的结果。

We've created a cycle

我们创造的循环

that keeps people dependent on food banks and pantries on a monthly basis

让人们月复一月地 依赖食品救济站，

for food that is often not well-balanced

依赖往往营养不均衡的食品，

and certainly doesn't provide them with a healthy meal.

肯定无法从中获得 健康的三餐。

In the US, our approach to doing good,

在美国，我们做好事的途径，

or what we call "charity,"

或者说是“慈善”，

has actually hindered us from making real progress.

其实反而阻碍了我们 取得真正的进步。

We're educating the world on how many people are food insecure.

我们正在让世界了解 还有多少人缺乏食物保障，

There are television commercials,

包括电视广告、

billboards,

广告牌、

massive donations,

大型募捐，

the engagement of some of our biggest celebrities in the fight.

以及参与到斗争中 的一些颇具影响力的名人。

But the ever-present reality is that,

但一直存在的现实是，

even with all of this work,

即使投入了这么多努力，

millions of people are still going hungry.

仍有数百万民众食不果腹。

And we can do better.

而我们可以做得更好。

Globally, 821 million people are hungry.

全球有 8.21 亿人口在挨饿。

That's one in nine people on this planet.

也就是说地球上每九个人中 就有一人吃不饱肚子。

And here in the United States,

而在美国，

nearly 40 million people experience hunger every single year,

每年有约 4 千万人会历经饥饿，

including more than 11 million children

包括超过 1100 万名

that go to bed hungry every night.

每晚饥肠辘辘入睡的儿童。

Yet, we're wasting more food than ever before --

然而，我们对 食物的浪费程度前所未有：

more than 80 billion pounds a year,

准确说来，每年浪费的食物数量

to be exact.

超过八百亿吨。

The EPA estimates that food waste has more than doubled

环境保护局估计 在 1970 年和 2017 年之间，

between 1970 and 2017,

食品浪费翻了不止一倍，

and now accounts for 27 percent of everything in our landfills.

现在占据了垃圾填埋场的 27%。

And as this food sits, it gradually rots

这些食物在放置过程中渐渐腐烂，

and produces harmful methane gas,

并产生有害的甲烷气体，

a leading contributor to global climate change.

即全球气候变化的主要原因。

We have the waste of the food itself,

我们浪费的不仅是食物本身，

the waste of all the money associated with producing this now-wasted food

还有在生产被浪费食物 过程中投入的金钱，

and the waste of labor with all of the above.

以及其中涉及的劳动力。

And then there's the social inequity

同时，社会不平等现象

存在于那些真正需要食物却无法获得，

between people who really need food and can't get it

以及那些因食物绰绰有余 而随意丢弃的人之间。

and people who have too much and simply throw it away.

All of this made me realize that hunger was not an issue of scarcity

以上种种使我意识到 饥饿并不是资源短缺的问题，

but rather a matter of logistics.

而是物流统筹的问题。

So in 2017, I set out to end hunger using technology.

于是在 2017 年，我开始 使用科技消除饥饿。

After all, food delivery apps had begun to explode on the scene,

毕竟食品快递应用 已经呈现爆炸式增长，

and I thought surely we can reverse-engineer this technology

我觉得我们一定能够 反向运用这项技术，

and get food from businesses like restaurants and grocery stores

从餐厅与杂货店之类 的商家处获得食物

and into the hands of people in need.

并送到需要的人们手中。

I believe that technology and innovation

我相信科技与创新

have the power to solve real problems,

有解决现实问题的力量，

especially hunger.

尤其是饥饿。

So in 2017, I created an app

于是在 2017 年， 我开发了一款应用，

that would inventory everything that a business sells

能够盘点商家所有贩售品的存货，

and make it super easy for them to donate this excess food

并能让他们非常轻松地 捐赠过剩的食材，

that would typically go to waste at the end of the night.

而不是像以往那样 在打烊时丢弃掉。

All the user has to do now is click on an item,

用户只需要点击某样物品，

tell us how many they have to donate,

告诉我们想要捐赠的数量，

and our platform calculates the weight and the tax value

我的平台就会计算出 这些物品的重量

of those items at time of donation.

以及捐赠时的税额。

We then connect with local drivers in the shared economy

接下来我们会联系 共享经济中的当地司机，

to get this food picked up and delivered directly to the doors

让他们提取这些食物， 并直接运送到

of nonprofit organizations and people in need.

非营利机构和需要帮助 的民众家门口。

I provided the data and the analytics

我提供数据和分析

to help businesses reduce food waste at the source

让企业了解他们经常 反复地浪费了哪些食材，

by letting them know the items that they waste repeatedly

以此帮助企业在源头

on a regular basis,

减少食品浪费，

and they even saved millions of dollars.

他们甚至得以节省几百万美元。

Our mission was simple:

我们的使命很简单：

feed more, waste less.

多喂饱，少浪费。

And by 2018, our clients included the world's busiest airport,

截止 2018 年，我们的客户 包括了世界最繁忙的机场，

Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson,

亚特兰大的哈茨菲尔德-杰克逊机场，

and we were working with brands and corporations

我们也在与荷美尔食品、 副乐鸡和棒!约翰连锁餐厅

like Hormel, Chick-fil-A and Papa John's.

这样的品牌与公司合作。

We even had the opportunity to work with the NFL for Super Bowl LIII.

我们甚至有机会和全美橄榄球联盟合作， 参与了第 53 届超级碗。

And over the last two years, we've worked with over 200 business

在过去两年，我们和 两百多家企业合作，

to divert more than two million pounds of edible food from landfills

让超过 200 吨可食用的食品 免于进入垃圾填埋场，

into the hands of people that needed it most.

而是送到了最需要的人们手中。

(Applause)

（掌声）

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）

This has accounted for about 1.7 million meals

这相当于 170 万顿饭，

and allowed us to start to expand our efforts to other cities,

我们得以开始将业务 拓展到其它城市，

like Washington, DC, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia and more.

例如华盛顿特区，芝加哥， 迈阿密，费城等等。

That's just one approach that actually tackles the problem.

这只是其中一种解决问题的方法。

Another was the launch of our pop-up grocery stores.

另一种方法是创设 限时食品杂货店。

We recover excess food from businesses

我们从商家回收富余食品，

and set up free community grocery stores right in the middle of food deserts.

在饥饿的重灾区正中心 开设免费的社区食品杂货店。

We bring out a chef,

我们让厨师烹饪，

and we do on-site taste-testings and allow families to leave with recipe cards.

举办现场试吃， 并让家庭带着食谱离开。

We give every family reusable grocery bags and allow them to simply shop

我们给每个家庭提供环保购物袋，

让他们不用在意价格标签， 尽情采购。

minus the price tag.

We wanted to give people access to meals

我们想让人们获得一日三餐，

and not just food.

而不仅仅是食物。

We wanted to change the way that we think and work to solve hunger in this country,

我们想要改变解决这个国家饥饿问题 的思考和工作方式，

get people to believe that we can solve hunger,

让人们相信我们能攻克饥饿难题，

not as a nonprofit,

不是作为非营利机构

not as a food bank

或是食品救济站，

but as a social enterprise,

而是作为一个 旨在减少浪费、结束饥饿

with the goal of reducing waste and ending hunger.

的社会企业。

But it hasn't been as easy as I thought

但要改变我们对于解决饥饿问题

to change the narrative and the thought process

的视角和思考方式，

on how we think that hunger can be solved.

并没有我想象的那么简单。

In 2016, France became the first country

在 2016 年，法国成为了第一个

to ban supermarkets from throwing away unused food.

禁止超市丢弃未使用食物的国家。

Instead, they must donate it,

超市必须捐赠这些食物，

and they're fined if they don't.

否则将会面临罚款。

Yes.

没错。

(Applause)

（掌声）

In 2017, Italy followed suit,

2017 年，意大利效仿，

becoming the second European nation

成为了第二个通过 禁止食品浪费法案

to pass an anti-food-waste ban.

的欧洲国家。

And they stated it so simply as it was passed through legislation:

而在通过立法时， 他们的陈述如此简单：

"We have millions of pounds of good food going to waste,

“我们浪费了数百吨优质食品，

and we have poor people that are going hungry."

但我们的穷人还填不饱肚子。”

That simple.

就这么简单。

Denmark now has a mandated food waste grocery store.

丹麦现在开设了 过剩食物的专门店，

Its name: Wefood.

叫做威福（Wefood）。

They recover excess food from local grocery stores

他们从当地的食品杂货店 回收过剩食物，

and sell it at up to a 50 percent off discount.

并以最高可达五折的折扣贩售。

They then use all the proceeds and donate it to emergency aid programs

他们将全部所得捐赠给 紧急援助项目

and social need issues for the people in need.

以及帮助有需求群体的公益项目。

It has been hailed as "the Goodwill of grocery."

威福被誉为“食品界的 Goodwill”。 【注：美国二手商店，致力公益】

And last year, the world got its first pay-what-you-can grocery store,

去年，世界首家 “给钱就卖”杂货店

when Feed it Forward opened in Toronto.

Feed it Forward 在多伦多开业。 【注：意为“把吃的传递出去”】

Their shelves remain stocked by recovering excess food

他们的货架上放满了

从各大超市回收的富余食品，

from major supermarkets

and allowing families to simply pay what they can

让在店里购物的家庭

at their grocery store.

能付多少钱就看着给。

This is amazing.

这真是了不起。

This innovation we need more of.

我们需要更多这样的创新。

Everyone can take on the roles of changing the attitudes

每个人都能为改变 对待如何缓解饥饿的态度

about how we solve hunger.

出一份力。

When we think of how we've allowed innovation and technology

想想我们如何任由 创新与科技

to change our lives,

改变了我们的生活，

from how we communicate with each other

从沟通方式，

to how we view our entertainment

到对娱乐的看法，

to how we even receive food,

甚至到我们获得食物的途径；

it's amazing that we haven't solved hunger yet.

相比之下，我们依然还没有 攻克饥饿就显得很不可思议。

We literally have cars that can drive themselves

我们甚至有能够自主驾驶的汽车，

and millions of people that cannot feed themselves.

却还有数百万人没法喂饱自己。

With millions of dollars being donated to end food insecurity,

为了结束食物无保障的状况 已经捐赠了几百万美元，

we should've solved hunger years ago.

我们早在多年前就理应 解决好饥饿问题了。

And I asked myself --

于是我问自己——

(Applause)

（掌声）

I asked myself, why can't we escape this vicious cycle?

我问自己，为什么我们 无法逃离这个恶性循环？

Why haven't we solved this problem?

为什么我们还没有解决这个问题？

I remember meeting with investors and pitching the idea,

我记得和投资者会面， 介绍我的想法，

trying to raise funds for my business,

试图为我的事业筹措资金，

and one of them said to me, in true seriousness,

而其中一位投资者 非常严肃地对我说，

"Hunger is already being solved,"

“饥饿问题已经被解决了”，

as if millions of people weren't going to go to bed hungry that very night,

仿佛那一晚的几百万人 并没有饿着肚子入睡，

and as if there was nothing else to do.

仿佛我们已经没有什么要做的了。

And the reality is,

而现实是，

one would think that hunger is being solved,

有人或许以为 饥饿问题已被攻克，

but the truth is, it's being worked on.

而真相是，它依旧 是一个亟待解决的问题。

If we really want to solve hunger,

如果我们真的想攻克饥饿，

then we have to change the way we've been doing it.

就必须改变一贯的处理方式。

同样的做法 只会带来同样的结果。

The same actions will always garner the same results.

There are hundreds of social entrepreneurs all over the world.

世界上有几百名社会企业家。

They have a focus to solve really big problems, like hunger,

他们专注于解决非常 重大的问题，比如饥饿，

but they'll never get the same support

但他们永远不会得到

和全国消除饥饿组织及食品救济站 同样规模的支持。

that we give national hunger-fighting organizations and food banks.

But, if given the opportunity,

但如果有机会，

they have the ability to foster insight

他们能够培养洞察力，

and perhaps be forward-thinking enough

或许有足够的远见

to solve this problem.

能够解决这个问题。

That's why I'm traveling the world

正因如此，我才环游世界，

and I'm really talking about what hunger looks like in America

讲述美国饥饿的面貌，

and explaining the difference between giving people access to food

并解释给人们提供食物

如何有别于给人们提供三餐。

and access to meals.

I've been meeting with city council members

我同全美各地的市政府成员

and city organizers across the US

与城市组织者会面，

and telling them that technology indeed does have the power

告诉他们科技的确有能力

to connect businesses with surplus food

将食品富余的企业

和有需求的民众联结，

to people in need,

and explaining to them what a meal can actually mean to a family.

并向他们解释一顿饭 对一个家庭的实际意义。

I've been meeting with school boards and school districts

我同学校董事会 以及学区负责人会面，

to talk about how we feed hungry children,

探讨我们如何喂饱饥饿的儿童；

and health care organizations,

我同医疗组织会面，

sharing the message that food is health,

分享这样的讯息：食物即是健康，

and food is life,

食物即是生命，

and that, by solving hunger, we can solve so many more problems.

通过解决饥饿， 我们能够解决其它更多问题。

So if we want to know

所以如果我们想要确保

我们生活的国家

that we don't live in a nation

where perfectly good food goes to waste

不会让优质食物白白浪费，

when our neighbors don't have food to eat,

不会让我们的邻居食不果腹，

then we need to change the laws.

那么我们需要改变法律。

We need to introduce new policies,

我们需要引进新的政策，

and, most importantly, we need to change our minds and our actions.

最重要的是，我们需要改变 我们的思考与行为。

Food drives are fine.

食品募捐没有问题。

Food banks serve a huge purpose.

食品救济站意义重大。

And yes, sometimes I like Ding Dongs, too.

没错，有时候我也喜欢吃 奶油夹心巧克力蛋糕。

But the reality is that food drives do not solve hunger.

但现实是，食品募捐 无法解决饥饿问题。

And if we are smart about connecting the dots

如果我们能动动脑子， 把就在鼻子跟前的点

that are right in front of our noses,

串联成线，

we can do far more than give a family

我们能做的就远远不止于

a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles

给一个家庭提供一盒超级英雄形状 的添加蔬菜成分的通心粉

and a gallon of barbecue sauce

和 3.8 升烧烤酱，

to feed themselves.

让他们以此充饥。

Instead, we can give them back their dignity.

与之相反，我们能 还给他们尊严。

Perhaps we can increase school attendance in schools.

或许我们能增加学校的出勤率。

We can improve the health outcomes for millions.

我们能改善几百万人的健康。

And, most importantly, we can reduce food waste in our landfills,

最重要的是，我们能减少 垃圾填埋场中的食品浪费，

creating a better environment for all of us.

为大家创造更好的环境。

The thing I love most is that we can feel good about it in the process.

最美妙的是， 在这过程中我们能感觉良好。

If we solve hunger,

解决饥饿

we have nothing to lose and everything to gain.

有百利而无一害。

So let's do it.

那就让我们行动吧！

Thank you.

谢谢。

（掌声）

(Applause)

Thank you.

谢谢。