What we're getting wrong in the fight to end hunger | Jasmine Crowe

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Helen Chang

In June of 2017,

2017 年六月，

I volunteered with a group at a local food pantry

我在一個團體當志工， 在當地一間食物儲藏所幫忙，

on the south side of my home city

地點在我居住的喬治亞州 亞特蘭大市南方。

in Atlanta, Georgia.

It was a Friday afternoon,

一個星期五下午，

the day of their weekly food giveaway.

那天是每週的食物贈送日。

And as I drove up,

當我開車過去，

I saw people beginning to arrive,

我看到大家開始抵達，

many with their rolling carts in tow,

許多人拖著他們的推車，

prepared to receive their food supply for the week.

準備接收一週的食物供給品。

As I was walking in the door, there were about 40 people outside

我走進門，外面大約有四十人，

waiting in line.

排隊等候。

And I was so excited,

我很興奮，

because there are very few things I enjoy more than giving back.

因為我很享受去做回饋這類事情。

But then, as I entered the room where the volunteer meeting was taking place,

但，接著，我進到 志工開會的房間中，

I immediately realized:

我馬上發現：

we weren't about to give these people any real meals.

我們並沒有要給這些人真正的餐。

We were essentially just giving them food.

基本上，我們只是給他們食物。

I took my place on the assembly line, where -- get this --

我站分配線上的位置，在那裡——

注意了——我負責

I was in charge of making sure that the Weight Watchers Ding Dongs

確保 Weight Watchers 的巧克力蛋糕

made it into every family's bag.

進到每個家庭袋子中。

As the bags started to come around,

當袋子開始出現，

I'm thinking to myself:

我心想：

What on earth are we doing here?

我們在這裡幹什麼？

Each bag contained two 20-ounce diet Snapples,

每個袋子中都有兩瓶 二十盎司的斯納普飲料、

a gallon of barbecue sauce,

一加侖的烤肉醬、

a bag of kettle potato chips,

一包 Kettle 的洋芋片、

a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles,

一盒超級英雄造型 且富含蔬菜的通心麵、

a box of belVita breakfast bars,

一盒 belVita 早餐餅、

a can of refried beans,

一罐豆泥、

a can of sweet peas,

一罐香豌豆、

a miniature can of corn,

一小罐玉米，

I can't forget about those Ding Dongs

我忘不了那些巧克力蛋糕，

and french fried green onions,

還有法式炸法的綠洋蔥，

you know, the kind that go on top of a green bean casserole.

就是放在綠色豆類燉鍋菜 最上面的那種東西。

And that was it.

就這樣。

We made over a hundred of those bags that day,

我們一天要裝一百個這樣的袋子，

and people indeed stood in line to receive one.

大家也確實會排隊來領一個袋子。

But a feeling came over me;

但我出現了一種感覺；

I felt bad and a little angry.

我感覺很糟，還有點生氣。

It was like, how could I even feel good about the work that I was doing

就像是，我怎麼能對 我所做的事情感覺良好？

when I knew for a fact that not one meal was to come

畢竟我清楚知道我們剛剛 給超過一百個家庭的那些食物

from the food we had just given to over 100 families?

是做不出一餐來的。

I mean, who wants to have a meal with barbecue sauce and Ding Dongs?

我的意思是，誰想用巧克力蛋糕 配烤肉醬來做一餐啊？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

And the reality is,

現實是，

I've been part of this process all my life.

我一生都是這過程的一部分。

I've participated in food drives,

我曾經參與食品募集活動，

I've collected cans since I was a kid,

我從小就開始收集罐頭，

I've donated in the grocery store more times than I can count,

我在雜貨店捐錢的次數 已經數不清了，

I've volunteered at shelters, I've worked in food pantries,

我曾經在庇護所當志工， 曾經在食物儲藏所工作，

and I'm sure, like me, so many of you have, too.

我相信很多人也做過一樣的事。

In 2013, I even created a pop-up restaurant,

2013 年，我曾經創建了 一間臨時快閃餐廳，

called Sunday Soul.

叫做「星期日靈魂」。

And I rented tables and chairs and linens

我租了桌子、椅子、桌巾，

and I printed out menus

印了菜單，

and I took these experiences to alleyways,

我把這些經驗帶到小巷、

underneath bridges and in parks

橋下、公園裡，

to allow people that were experiencing homelessness

讓正在經歷無家可歸的人

to dine with dignity.

能夠有尊嚴地用餐。

So I've invested in this fight for quite some time.

我已經投資在打這場仗中 很長一段時間了。

In almost every major US city,

幾乎在美國的每個大城市裡，

the food bank is viewed as a beloved community institution.

食物銀行都被視為是 受愛戴的社區機構。

Corporations send volunteers down on a weekly basis

企業每週都會派出志工

to sort through food items and make boxes of food for the needy.

將食物品項分類，為有需要的人 做出一盒一盒的食物。

And can drives --

罐頭募集活動——

they warm the hearts of schools and office buildings that participate

它們溫暖了參與活動的 學校及辦公大樓的心，

and fill the shelves of food banks and food pantries across the nation.

同時讓全國的食物銀行 和食物儲藏所架上都補滿食物。

This is how we work to end hunger.

這是我們終結飢餓的方式。

And what I've come to realize

而我漸漸了解，

is that we are doing hunger wrong.

我們做錯了。

We are doing the same things

我們在做同樣的事，

over and over and over again

一而再，再而三，

and expecting a different end result.

卻希望有不同的結果。

We've created a cycle

我們創造了一個循環，

that keeps people dependent on food banks and pantries on a monthly basis

讓大家每月都仰賴 食物銀行和食物儲藏所

for food that is often not well-balanced

供應營養不平衡的食物，

and certainly doesn't provide them with a healthy meal.

這些地方肯定也沒有 供應他們健康的餐。

In the US, our approach to doing good,

在美國，我們做好事的方法，

or what we call "charity,"

或所謂做「慈善」的方法，

has actually hindered us from making real progress.

其實反而阻礙了我們 做出真正的進展。

We're educating the world on how many people are food insecure.

我們在教育這個世界， 告訴大家有多少人要為食物苦惱。

There are television commercials,

有電視廣告、

billboards,

告示牌、大量捐款，

massive donations,

the engagement of some of our biggest celebrities in the fight.

還有一些最紅的名人參與這場仗。

But the ever-present reality is that,

但，一直存在的現實卻是，

even with all of this work,

即使有這些努力，

millions of people are still going hungry.

仍然有數百萬人挨餓。

And we can do better.

我們可以做得更好。

Globally, 821 million people are hungry.

全球有八億兩千一百萬人在挨餓。

That's one in nine people on this planet.

等於地球上每九個人中就有一個。

And here in the United States,

在美國這裡，

nearly 40 million people experience hunger every single year,

每年有近四千萬人挨餓，

including more than 11 million children

包括至少一千一百萬名兒童

that go to bed hungry every night.

每晚是餓著肚子去睡覺的。

Yet, we're wasting more food than ever before --

但，我們浪費食物的情況 卻比以前更嚴重——

more than 80 billion pounds a year,

明確的數字是一年浪費 超過八百億磅的食物。

to be exact.

The EPA estimates that food waste has more than doubled

國家環境保護局估計

1970 年到 2017 年間 食物浪費至少增加了一倍，

between 1970 and 2017,

and now accounts for 27 percent of everything in our landfills.

現在垃圾掩埋場 有 27% 是浪費的食物。

And as this food sits, it gradually rots

這些食物擺著就會漸漸腐爛，

and produces harmful methane gas,

產生出有害的甲烷氣體，

a leading contributor to global climate change.

甲烷是氣候變遷的主要成因之一。

We have the waste of the food itself,

我們浪費了食物本身，

the waste of all the money associated with producing this now-wasted food

浪費了製造這些食物相關的金錢，

and the waste of labor with all of the above.

也浪費了上述要用到的所有勞力。

And then there's the social inequity

還有社會不平等

存在於真的需要食物 卻無法得到食物的人，

between people who really need food and can't get it

and people who have too much and simply throw it away.

與擁有太多食物 而把食物丟棄的人之間。

All of this made me realize that hunger was not an issue of scarcity

這一切讓我明白， 飢餓並不是食物不足的問題，

but rather a matter of logistics.

而是物流的問題。

So in 2017, I set out to end hunger using technology.

所以我於 2017 年 開始用科技來終結飢餓。

After all, food delivery apps had begun to explode on the scene,

畢竟，外送食物 app 開始大量出現，

and I thought surely we can reverse-engineer this technology

我想我們一定可以逆向用這種技術，

and get food from businesses like restaurants and grocery stores

把食物從餐廳和雜貨店這些業者

and into the hands of people in need.

送到有需要的人手上。

I believe that technology and innovation

我相信，科技和創新

have the power to solve real problems,

有能力解決真正的問題，

especially hunger.

特別是飢餓問題。

So in 2017, I created an app

所以我在 2017 年創造了一個 app，

that would inventory everything that a business sells

能將企業銷售的所有產品編成目錄，

and make it super easy for them to donate this excess food

讓它們非常容易捐出

本來要在當晚丟棄的過剩食物。

that would typically go to waste at the end of the night.

All the user has to do now is click on an item,

使用者只要做一件事， 就是點選一項物品，

tell us how many they have to donate,

告訴我們要捐出多少量，

and our platform calculates the weight and the tax value

我們的平台就會計算那些物品

of those items at time of donation.

在捐贈時的重量和稅額。

We then connect with local drivers in the shared economy

接著，我們會連結到 當地的共享經濟駕駛，

to get this food picked up and delivered directly to the doors

去領取這些食物，直接送到

非營利組織及有需要的人手上。

of nonprofit organizations and people in need.

I provided the data and the analytics

我會提供資料和分析資訊，

to help businesses reduce food waste at the source

協助企業從源頭減少食物浪費，

by letting them know the items that they waste repeatedly

讓它們知道它們會經常

重覆不斷浪費哪些物品，

on a regular basis,

and they even saved millions of dollars.

它們甚至可以省下數百萬美元。

Our mission was simple:

我們的使命很簡單：

feed more, waste less.

讓更多人有食物，讓浪費更少。

And by 2018, our clients included the world's busiest airport,

到了 2018 年，我們的客戶 包括世界上最繁忙的機場，

Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson,

哈茨菲爾德傑克遜 亞特蘭大國際機場，

and we were working with brands and corporations

其他合作的品牌和企業包括

like Hormel, Chick-fil-A and Papa John's.

荷美爾、福來雞、棒約翰。

We even had the opportunity to work with the NFL for Super Bowl LIII.

我們甚至有機會和 NFL 在第五十三屆超級盃合作。

And over the last two years, we've worked with over 200 business

我們過去兩年 和超過兩百間企業合作，

to divert more than two million pounds of edible food from landfills

將至少兩百萬磅本來要 送去垃圾掩埋場的可食用食物

into the hands of people that needed it most.

轉送到了最需要食物的人手上。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

This has accounted for about 1.7 million meals

這個數字換算起來 大概是一百七十萬份餐，

and allowed us to start to expand our efforts to other cities,

讓我們能開始將這些努力 拓展到其他城市，

like Washington, DC, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia and more.

比如華盛頓特區、芝加哥、 邁阿密、費城等等。

That's just one approach that actually tackles the problem.

那只是處理這個問題的一種方法。

Another was the launch of our pop-up grocery stores.

另一個方法是推出 我們的快閃雜貨店。

We recover excess food from businesses

我們從企業取得過剩的食物，

and set up free community grocery stores right in the middle of food deserts.

在食物沙漠中設立 免費的社區雜貨店。

We bring out a chef,

我們會帶一名主廚，

and we do on-site taste-testings and allow families to leave with recipe cards.

在現場做試吃， 讓家庭帶著食譜卡離開。

We give every family reusable grocery bags and allow them to simply shop

我們給每個家庭環保雜貨袋子，

讓他們採購但不用看價格標籤。

minus the price tag.

We wanted to give people access to meals

我們想要讓大家能取得的是「餐」

and not just food.

而不只是「食物」。

We wanted to change the way that we think and work to solve hunger in this country,

我們想要改變我國 對於解決飢餓問題的想法和做法，

get people to believe that we can solve hunger,

讓大家相信我們能解決飢餓問題，

not as a nonprofit,

不以非營利組織或食物銀行的身分，

not as a food bank

but as a social enterprise,

而是以社會企業的身分，

with the goal of reducing waste and ending hunger.

把目標設在減少浪費、終止飢餓。

But it hasn't been as easy as I thought

但事情沒有我想像的簡單，

to change the narrative and the thought process

我們不容易改變

on how we think that hunger can be solved.

看待和思考解決飢餓問題的過程。

In 2016, France became the first country

2016 年，法國成為第一個

禁止超級市場丟棄 未使用之食物的國家。

to ban supermarkets from throwing away unused food.

Instead, they must donate it,

超級市場改將這些食物捐出， 沒有做到還會受罰。

and they're fined if they don't.

Yes.

是的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

In 2017, Italy followed suit,

2017 年，義大利跟上來，

becoming the second European nation

成為第二個通過 反食物浪費禁令的歐洲國家。

to pass an anti-food-waste ban.

And they stated it so simply as it was passed through legislation:

當這項禁令的立法通過時， 他們用很簡單的方式陳述：

"We have millions of pounds of good food going to waste,

「我們浪費數百萬磅的好食物，

and we have poor people that are going hungry."

我們也有挨餓的窮人。」

That simple.

就這麼簡單。

Denmark now has a mandated food waste grocery store.

丹麥現在有一家 法定的過剩食物雜貨店。

Its name: Wefood.

它的名字是：Wefood。

They recover excess food from local grocery stores

他們會從當地的雜貨店 取得過剩的食物，

and sell it at up to a 50 percent off discount.

以最多五折的價格銷售。

They then use all the proceeds and donate it to emergency aid programs

接著，他們會把所有收益 捐給緊急救助計畫

and social need issues for the people in need.

及相關社會需求議題， 給有需要的人。

It has been hailed as "the Goodwill of grocery."

它被讚譽為「善意雜貨店」。

And last year, the world got its first pay-what-you-can grocery store,

去年，出現了世界上第一家 「能付多少就付多少」雜貨店，

when Feed it Forward opened in Toronto.

這家店是多倫多的 Feed it Forward。

Their shelves remain stocked by recovering excess food

他們架上的存貨

來自大型超級市場的過剩食物，

from major supermarkets

and allowing families to simply pay what they can

家庭在這家雜貨店購買 只需支付他們付得起的錢。

at their grocery store.

This is amazing.

這很了不起。

This innovation we need more of.

我們需要更多這種創新。

Everyone can take on the roles of changing the attitudes

每個人都可以改變

我們如何解決飢餓問題的態度。

about how we solve hunger.

When we think of how we've allowed innovation and technology

想想看，我們如何讓創新 和科技改變我們的生活，

to change our lives,

from how we communicate with each other

從我們如何和彼此溝通，

to how we view our entertainment

到我們如何看娛樂，

to how we even receive food,

甚至到我們如何接收食物，

it's amazing that we haven't solved hunger yet.

很驚人的是，我們竟然 還沒有解決飢餓問題。

We literally have cars that can drive themselves

連自駕車都有了，

and millions of people that cannot feed themselves.

卻仍然有數百萬人無法溫飽。

With millions of dollars being donated to end food insecurity,

為終結糧食不安全問題 所捐贈的金額已有數百萬美元，

we should've solved hunger years ago.

我們早該在數年前 就解決飢餓問題了。

And I asked myself --

我問我自己......

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I asked myself, why can't we escape this vicious cycle?

我問我自己，為什麼我們 無法脫離這個惡性循環？

Why haven't we solved this problem?

我們為何尚未解決這個問題？

I remember meeting with investors and pitching the idea,

我記得我與投資者見面，提出想法，

trying to raise funds for my business,

試圖為我的企業募款，

and one of them said to me, in true seriousness,

其中一位投資者很認真地對我說：

"Hunger is already being solved,"

「飢餓問題已經被解決了。」

as if millions of people weren't going to go to bed hungry that very night,

說得好像並沒有數百萬人 那晚要餓著肚子入睡，

and as if there was nothing else to do.

說得好像沒有別的事要辦了。

And the reality is,

現實是，有人可能認為 飢餓問題已經解決，

one would think that hunger is being solved,

but the truth is, it's being worked on.

但真相是，這個問題還有待解決。

If we really want to solve hunger,

若我們真心想解決飢餓，

then we have to change the way we've been doing it.

我們就必須要改變我們的做法。

The same actions will always garner the same results.

同樣的行為永遠會產生同樣的結果。

There are hundreds of social entrepreneurs all over the world.

全世界有數百名社會企業家。

They have a focus to solve really big problems, like hunger,

他們把焦點放在解決 大問題上，如飢餓問題，

but they'll never get the same support

但他們都無法取得我們給予

that we give national hunger-fighting organizations and food banks.

國家對抗飢餓組織 及食物銀行的那種支援。

But, if given the opportunity,

但，如果能有機會，

they have the ability to foster insight

他們有能力深入洞察，

and perhaps be forward-thinking enough

也許也有足夠的前瞻性思考 可以解決這個問題。

to solve this problem.

That's why I'm traveling the world

那就是為什麼我要造訪世界，

and I'm really talking about what hunger looks like in America

真正去談論在美國的 飢餓問題是什麼樣子的，

and explaining the difference between giving people access to food

並解釋讓人民能取得「食物」

和讓人民能取得「餐」有什麼不同。

and access to meals.

I've been meeting with city council members

我一直去見市議會的人

and city organizers across the US

以及全美各地的城市組織者，

and telling them that technology indeed does have the power

告訴他們，科技的確有能力

to connect businesses with surplus food

可以把食物過剩的企業 和有需要的人做連結，

to people in need,

and explaining to them what a meal can actually mean to a family.

並向他們解釋，對一個家庭而言， 一餐有什麼樣的意義。

I've been meeting with school boards and school districts

我一直在會見學校董事會及學區，

to talk about how we feed hungry children,

跟他們談要如何 讓飢餓的孩子有東西吃，

and health care organizations,

也去找了健康照護組織， 分享這個訊息：

sharing the message that food is health,

食物就是健康，食物就是生命，

and food is life,

and that, by solving hunger, we can solve so many more problems.

且，透過解決飢餓問題， 我們還能解決更多其他問題。

So if we want to know

所以，若我們想知道

that we don't live in a nation

我們所居住的國家

where perfectly good food goes to waste

並不是在鄰居沒有東西吃時 還浪費完好食物的國家，

when our neighbors don't have food to eat,

then we need to change the laws.

那麼我們就需要改變法律。

We need to introduce new policies,

我們需要推出新政策，

and, most importantly, we need to change our minds and our actions.

最重要的是，我們必須要 改變我們的想法和行動。

Food drives are fine.

食品募集活動很好。

Food banks serve a huge purpose.

食物銀行有很大的必要性。

And yes, sometimes I like Ding Dongs, too.

是的，有時我也喜歡巧克力蛋糕。

But the reality is that food drives do not solve hunger.

但，現實是，食品募集活動 無法解決飢餓問題。

And if we are smart about connecting the dots

如果我們能聰明地 把我們眼前的各點連起來，

that are right in front of our noses,

we can do far more than give a family

我們能做的絕對不只給每個家庭

a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles

一盒超級英雄造型 且富含蔬菜的通心麵

and a gallon of barbecue sauce

及一加侖的烤肉醬讓他們吃。

to feed themselves.

Instead, we can give them back their dignity.

我們反而會把 他們的尊嚴還給他們。

Perhaps we can increase school attendance in schools.

也許我們可以增加學校的出席率。

We can improve the health outcomes for millions.

我們可以改善數百萬人的健康。

And, most importantly, we can reduce food waste in our landfills,

最重要的，我們可以減少 被送去垃圾掩埋場的食物浪費，

creating a better environment for all of us.

為所有人創造出更好的環境。

The thing I love most is that we can feel good about it in the process.

我最喜歡的一點是， 在這個過程中的感覺很好。

If we solve hunger,

解決飢餓問題，

we have nothing to lose and everything to gain.

我們沒什麼可以失去的， 卻可以得到很多。

So let's do it.

所以我們來做吧。

Thank you.

謝謝。

（掌聲）

(Applause)

Thank you.