The political progress women have made — and what's next | Cecile Richards

翻译人员: jacks peng 校对人员: Lipeng Chen

Nearly 100 years ago,

从将近100年前，

almost today,

差不多到现在，

most women in the United States finally won the right to vote.

大部分美国女性终于赢得投票的权利。

Now, it would take decades more for women of color to earn that right,

如今，恐怕依然需要数十年， 才能让有色人种女性拥有同样的权力，

and we've come a long way since,

虽然我们已经取得了长足的进步，

but I would argue not nearly far enough.

但我要说，这还远远不够。

I think what women want today,

我认为今天的女性想要的，

not just only in the United States but around the globe,

不仅是在美国， 而是全球范围的，

is to no longer be an afterthought.

是不再后知后觉。

We don't want to continue to try to, like, look at the next 100 years

我们不想再继续期待， 比如，未来100年，

and be granted, grudgingly, small legal rights and accommodations.

勉强得到一点合法权利和容许。

We simply want true and full equality.

我只想要真正和全面的平等。

I think that women are tired of retrofitting ourselves

我认为女性已经厌倦了改造自己，

into institutions and governments that were built by men, for men,

以适应由男性和为男性 打造的机构和政府，

and we'd rather reshape the future on our own terms.

我们宁愿按照自己的方式 来重塑我们的未来。

I believe --

我相信——

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

I believe what we need is a women's political revolution for full equality

我认为我们需要的是一场 争取完全平等的妇女政治革命，

across race, across class, across gender identity,

跨越种族、阶级、性别认同、

across sexual orientation,

性取向，

and yes, across political labels,

当然，还有政治标签，

because I believe what binds us together as women

因为我相信把我们这些女性 凝聚在一起的力量

is so much more profound than what keeps up apart.

要比把我们分开的力量更深远。

And so I've given some thought

所以我想过如何

about how to build this women's political revolution

建立这场妇女政治革命，

and that's what I want to talk to you about today.

这也是今天我想跟你们分享的内容。

(Cheers)

（欢呼）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

The good news is that one thing that hasn't changed in the last century

一个好消息是， 在过去一个世纪没改变的是

is women's resilience

女性的韧性，

and our commitment to build a better life not only for ourselves,

以及我们投身于创造更好的生活， 不仅为我们自己，

but for generations to come,

更为了后代。

because I can't think of a single woman

因为我无法想象有哪个女性

who wants her daughter

会想让她的女儿

to have fewer rights or opportunities than she's had.

拥有比她更少的权利和机遇。

So we know we all stand on the shoulders of the women who came before us,

我们知道，我们都站在前人的肩膀上，

and as for myself,

正如我自己，

I come from a long line of tough Texas women.

我家里的女性世世代代都很坚强。

(Cheers)

（欢呼）

My grandparents lived outside of Waco, Texas,

我祖父母住在德克萨斯州韦科市

in the country.

以外的乡下。

And when my grandmother got pregnant,

当我祖母怀孕时，

of course she was not going to go to the hospital to deliver,

当然她不会去医院分娩，

she was going to have that baby at home.

她会在家中生小孩。

But when she went into labor,

但当她临盆的时候，

她叫女邻居过来为我祖父做饭，

she called the neighbor woman over to cook dinner for my grandfather,

because ...

因为…

I mean, it was unthinkable that he was going to make supper for himself.

我是说，根本无法想象 他会给自己做饭。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Been there.

你们懂的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

The neighbor had no experience with killing a chicken,

邻居没有杀鸡的经验，

and that was what was planned for dinner that night.

那本来是计划用来做当天晚餐的。

And so as the story goes,

结果就是，

my grandmother, in the birthing bed, in labor,

我祖母，在产床上，分娩中，

hoists herself up on one elbow and wrings that chicken's neck, right?

她用一只胳膊肘把自己托起来， 绞着那只鸡的脖子。

And that is how my mother came into this world.

我母亲就是这样来到这个世界的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

But the amazing thing is,

但神奇的事情是，

even though my mother's own grandmother could not vote in Texas,

即便我母亲的祖母不能在 德克萨斯州投票，

because under Texas law,

因为根据德州法律，

"idiots, imbeciles, the insane and women"

“白痴，蠢人，疯子和女人”

were prevented the franchise --

不能参与投票——

just two generations later,

就在两代人后，

my mother, Ann Richards, was elected the first woman governor in her own right

我的母亲安·理查兹 凭一己之力当选为德州的

in the state of Texas.

第一位女州长。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

But you see, when Mom was coming up in Texas,

但当我母亲在德州任职时，

there weren't a lot of opportunities for women,

并无太多的机会留给女性，

and frankly, she spent her entire life trying to change that.

实话说，她毕生都致力于改变现状。

She used to like to say,

她过去常说，

"As women, if you just give us a chance, we can perform.

"作为女性，只要你给我们 一个机会，我们就能做到。

After all, Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did,

毕竟，金吉尔·罗杰斯做到了 弗雷德·阿斯泰尔做的一切事情，

but she did it backwards and in high heels."

但她是穿着高跟鞋按倒序做的。”

Right?

没错吧？

And honestly, that's kind of what women have been doing for this last century:

并且老实说，这就是上世纪的 女性一直在做的事情：

despite having very, very little political power,

即便只有极少，极少的政治权力，

we have made enormous progress.

我们仍取得了巨大的进展。

So today in the United States,

所以今天在美国，

100 years after getting the right to vote,

在获得投票权的100年后，

women are almost half the workforce.

劳动力中女性的比例占到了一半。

And in 40 percent of families with children,

在40%拥有儿童的家庭中，

women are the major breadwinners.

女性是主要的经济支柱。

Economists even estimate

经济学家甚至估计，

that if every single paid working woman took just one day off of work,

假如每个有收入的工作女性休假一天，

it would cost the United States 21 billion dollars

会导致美国GDP

in gross domestic product.

损失210亿美元。

Now, largely because of Title IX, which required educational equity,

《教育修正法案》第九条要求教育公平，

women are actually now half the college students in the United States.

所以女性目前占美国大学生的一半。

We're half the medical students, we're half the law students --

我们占医学院的一半，法学院的一半。

Exactly.

就是这样。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And a fact I absolutely love:

我最爱的一个事实是：

One of the most recent classes of graduating NASA astronauts was ...

最近毕业的一批NASA宇航员……

What?

猜猜怎么样？

For the first time, 50 percent women.

首次，女性占比50%。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

The point is that women are really changing industries,

要点在于女性正在改变各行各业，

they're changing business from the inside out.

她们在由里而外地改变商业。

But when it comes to government, it's another story,

但涉及到政府时，却是另一番景象，

and I actually think a picture is worth 1000 words.

我认为一张照片胜过千言万语。

This is a photograph from 2017 at the White House

这是2017年白宫拍摄的一张照片，

when congressional leaders were called over to put the final details

拍摄于国会领导人被召集起来，

into the health-care reform bill that was to go to Congress.

将医疗改革法案的 最终细节提交给国会时。

Now, one of the results of this meeting

这个会议的一个结果是，

was that they got rid of maternity benefits,

他们取消了生育补贴，

which may not be that surprising,

听起来好像挺合理的，

since no one at that table actually would need maternity benefits.

因为那张桌子上没人需要生育补贴。

And unfortunately, that's what we've learned the hard way

不幸的是，这就是我们知道的

in the US for women.

美国女性的惨痛经历。

If we're not at the table, we're on the menu, right?

如果我们不为刀俎， 便是鱼肉，对吧？

And we're simply not at enough tables,

很简单，我们的席位还不够，

because even though women are the vast majority of voters

因为即便女性在美国已经成为了

in the United States,

主要的投票群体，

we fall far behind the rest of the world in political representation.

我们在政治代表方面还 远远落后于世界其他国家。

Recent research is that when they ranked all the countries,

最近对全球排名的研究发现，

the United States is 104th in women's representation in office.

美国女性政治代表排名104位。

104th ...

104…

仅次于印度尼西亚。

Right behind Indonesia.

So is it any big surprise, then,

如果想想是谁在做决定，

considering who's making decisions,

让我们成为世界上唯一没有

we're the only developed country with no paid family leave?

带薪探产假的发达国家，你还感到意外吗？

And despite all the research and improvements we've made

尽管我们在医疗保健领域做了很多

in medical care --

研究和改进——

and this is really horrifying to me --

这对我来说真的很可怕——

the United States now leads the developed world in maternal mortality rates.

在发达国家中， 美国的孕产妇死亡率最高。

Now, when it comes to equal pay, we're not doing a whole lot better.

在同工同酬方面，我们也没有好多少。

Women now, on average, in the United States,

在美国，平均每个男性赚1美元，

每个女性只赚80美分。

still only make 80 cents to the dollar that a man makes.

Though if you're an African American woman,

如果你是非裔美国人，

it's 63 cents to the dollar.

只能赚63美分。

And if you're Latina, it's 54 cents to the dollar.

如果你是拉丁裔，则只有54美分。

It's an outrage.

真是让人愤怒。

Now, women in the UK, the United Kingdom,

现在，英国的女性，英联邦的女性，

just came up with something I thought was rather ingenious,

刚想出一个我认为相当巧妙的东西，

in order to illustrate the impact of the pay gap.

目的是展示薪酬支付的差距。

So, starting November 10 and going through the end of the year,

从11月10号到年底，

they simply put an out-of-office memo on their email

她们在电子邮件里放了一份 不在公司办公的备忘录，

to indicate all the weeks they were working without pay.

以展示她们在没有薪水的 情况下工作了几周。

Right?

能理解吧？

I think it's an idea that actually could catch on.

我认为这是一个很受欢迎的想法。

But imagine if women actually had political power.

但想象下如果女性确实拥有了政治权力。

Imagine if we were at the table, making decisions.

假想我们能参与决策的制定。

Imagine if we had our own women's political party

假想我们有自己的女性政党，

that instead of putting our issues to the side as distractions,

而不是把我们的问题 当作干扰放在一边，

made them the top priority.

让男性的问题优先解决。

Well, we know --

那么，我们知道——

research shows that when women are in office,

研究显示当女性执政时，

they actually act differently than men.

她们跟男性表现不同。

They collaborate more with their colleagues,

她们更愿意与同事合作，

they work across party lines,

她们跨越党派工作，

and women are much more likely to support legislation

女性更有可能支持改善医疗、

that improves access to health care, education, civil rights.

教育和公民权利的立法。

And what we've seen in our research in the United States Congress

我们在对美国国会的研究发现

is that women sponsor more legislation

女性会推动更多的立法，

and they cosponsor more legislation.

共同推动更多的立法。

So all the evidence is that when women actually have the chance to serve,

所有证据都显示， 当女性拥有机会服务大众时，

they make a huge difference and they get the job done.

她们会带来巨大的改变，言出必行。

So how would it look in the United States if different people were making decisions?

那么如果有不同的人在做决定， 美国的情况会怎样呢？

Well, I firmly believe if half of Congress could get pregnant,

我确信如果有一半的国会议员会怀孕，

we would finally quit fighting about birth control

我们最终就不会为避孕

and Planned Parenthood.

和计划生育争吵了。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

That would be over.

不会再有了。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

I also really believe that finally,

我也非常相信，

businesses might quit treating pregnancy as a nuisance,

企业不会把怀孕视为一件麻烦事，

and rather understand it as a primary medical issue

而是把它理解为数百万美国工人的

for millions of American workers.

首要医疗问题。

And I think if more women were in office,

我认为如果更多的女性参与执政，

our government would actually prioritize keeping families together

我们的政府就会以阖家团圆为先，

rather than pulling them apart.

而不再把家人拆散。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

But perhaps most importantly,

但也许更重要的是，

I think all of these issues would no longer be seen as "women's issues."

我认为所有这些问题不会 再被视为“女人的问题”。

They would just be seen as basic issues of fairness and equality

它们应该被视作每个人都会支持的

that everybody can get behind.

公平和平等的基本问题。

So I think the question is,

所以我认为问题是，

what would it take, actually, to build this women's political revolution?

要发起这场女性政治革命需要什么呢？

The good news is, actually, it's already started.

好消息是，其实，已经开始了。

Because women around the globe are demanding workplaces,

因为全球的女性都要求像工作场所，

they're demanding educational institutions,

教育机构，

they're demanding governments

还有政府这些地方的

where sexism and sexual harassment and sexual assault are neither accepted

性别歧视、性骚扰 和性侵犯不应该被接受，

nor tolerated.

也不该被容忍。

Women around the world, as we know,

全世界的女性，就如我们所知的，

are raising their hands and saying, "Me Too,"

在举起她们的手说：“我也是”，

and it's a movement that's made so much more powerful

这个运动的影响是如此之大，

by the fact that women are standing together across industries,

各行各业的女性， 从家政工人到好莱坞明星，

from domestic workers to celebrities in Hollywood.

全都站了出来。

Women are marching, we're sitting in,

女性在游行，我们在参与，

we're speaking up.

我们为自己发声。

Women are challenging the status quo,

女性正在挑战现状，

we're busting old taboos

我们正在打破旧的禁忌，

and yes, we are proudly making trouble.

是的，我们骄傲地制造麻烦。

So, women in Saudi Arabia are driving for the very first time.

结果就是，沙特阿拉伯的女性 第一次被允许开车。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Women in Iraq are standing in solidarity with survivors of human trafficking.

伊拉克妇女站在一起声援 人口贩运的幸存者。

And women from El Salvador to Ireland are fighting for reproductive rights.

从萨尔瓦多到爱尔兰， 妇女们在为生育权利而斗争。

And women in Myanmar are standing up for human rights.

缅甸的妇女在为人权挺身而出。

In short, I think the most profound leadership in the world

总的来说，我认为世界上 最有影响力的领袖

isn't coming from halls of government.

不是来自政府大厅。

It's coming from women at the grassroots all across the globe.

它来自世界各地的基层女性。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

And here in the United States, women are on fire.

在美国，女性势不可挡。

So a recent Kaiser poll reported

最近的一项Kaiser民意调查显示，

that since our last presidential election in 2016,

自2016年我们上次总统选举以来，

one in five Americans have either marched or taken part in a protest,

1/5的美国人参加过游行或抗议活动，

and the number one issue has been women's rights.

头号问题跟女性人权有关。

Women are starting new organizations,

女性开始设立新的组织，

they are volunteering on campaigns,

她们是各种活动的志愿者，

and they're taking on every issue

她们讨论从枪支安全

from gun-safety reform to public education.

到公共教育的各种问题。

And women are running for office in record numbers,

女性竞选公职的人数也创下记录，

and they are winning.

并且她们在获胜。

So -- (Laughs)

所以——（笑声）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Women like Lucy McBath from Georgia.

出现了像乔治亚州的 露西·麦克巴斯这样的女性。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Lucy lost her son to gun violence,

露西在枪支暴力中失去了自己的孩子，

and it was because of her experience with the criminal justice system

正因为她在刑事司法系统中的经历，

that she realized just how broken it is,

让她意识到这个系统是如何破烂不堪，

and she decided to do something about that.

于是她决定做点事情。

So she ran for office,

所以她参与竞选，

and this January, she's going to Congress.

于是今年1月，她将去国会任职。

OK? Or --

或是——

（鼓掌）

(Applause)

Angie Craig from Minnesota.

来自明尼苏达州的安吉·克雷格。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

因为她的国会议员对LGBTQ的人 发表了如此可恨的言论，

So her congressman had made such hateful comments about LGBTQ people

that she decided to challenge him.

于是她决定去挑战他。

And you know what? She did, and she won,

你们知道吗？她做到了，她成功了，

and when she goes to Congress in January,

当她一月份到国会时，

she'll be the first lesbian mother serving in the House of Representatives.

她将成为第一位在众议院 任职的女同性恋母亲。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Or --

或——

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Or Lauren Underwood from Illinois.

或是来自伊利诺斯州的劳伦·安德伍德。

She's a registered nurse,

她是位注册护士，

and she sees every day the impact that lack of health care access has

她每天都看到缺乏医疗服务

on the community where she lives,

对她所住的社区的影响，

and so she decided to run.

所以她决定参与竞选。

She took on six men in her primary, she beat them all,

她在初选中打败了六个人，

she won the general election,

她在大选中获胜，

and when she goes to Congress in January,

当她1月份去国会时，

她将成为在华盛顿特区 为她的选区服务的

she's going to be the first African-American woman ever

to serve her district in Washington, D.C.

第一位非洲裔美国妇女。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

所以女性正在认识到——

So women are recognizing --

this is our moment.

这是我们的时刻。

Don't wait for permission,

不要等待许可，

don't wait for your turn.

不要等待轮到你。

As the late, great Shirley Chisholm said --

正如已故伟大的雪莉·奇泽姆所说——

Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman ever

雪莉·奇泽姆，第一位进入国会的

非裔美国女性，

to go to Congress

也是民主党历史上 第一位女性总统候选人——

and the first woman to run for president in the Democratic party --

雪莉·奇泽姆说，

but Shirley Chisholm said,

"If there's no room for you at the table, just pull up a folding chair."

“如果餐桌上没有你的位置， 那就拉把折叠椅。”

And that's what women are doing, all across the country.

这就是全国女性正在做的事情。

I believe women are now the most important and powerful political force

我相信女性现在是全球 最重要和最有权力的

in the world,

政治力量，

but how do we make sure that this is not just a moment?

但我们如何确保这不是昙花一现？

What we need is actually a global movement for women's full equality

我们真正需要的是一场促进 妇女充分平等的全球运动，

that is intersectional and it's intergenerational,

一场跨背景，跨越代际的，

where no one gets left behind.

人人受益的运动。

And so I have a few ideas about how we could do that.

对此我有一些想法。

Number one: it's not enough to resist.

第一点：光抵抗是不够的。

光说我们反对是不够的。

It's not enough to say what we're against.

是时候为我们的诉求大声疾呼和自豪了，

It's time to be loud and proud about what we are for,

because being for full equality is a mainstream value

因为追求完全平等是主流价值，

and something that we can get behind.

是我们都会支持的。

Because actually, men support equal pay for women.

因为实际上，男性也支持女性同工同酬。

Millennials, they support gender equality.

千禧一代，他们支持性别平等。

And businesses are increasingly adopting family-friendly policies,

企业在越来越普遍的 采用家庭友好政策，

不仅因为这是正确的事情，

not just because it's the right thing to do,

也因为这对他们的员工有好处。

but because it's good for their workers.

对他们的生意有好处。

It's good for their business.

Number two:

第二点：

We have to remember, in the words of Fannie Lou Hamer,

我们必须记住范尼·卢·哈默的话，

that "nobody's free 'til everybody's free."

“在每个人都自由前，没有人是自由的。”

So as I mentioned earlier,

所以就如我早先提到的，

women of color in this country didn't even get the right to vote

这个国家的有色人种妇女 在很长一段时间里

until much further along than the rest of us.

甚至没有投票权。

But since they did, they are the most reliable voters,

但一旦她们获得了， 她们就成了最可靠的投票者，

and women of color are the most reliable voters for candidates

有色女性人群是支持女性权利候选人

who support women's rights,

最可靠的选民，

and we need to follow their lead --

我们需要跟随她们的脚步——

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Because their issues are our issues.

因为她们的问题就是我们的问题。

And as white women, we have to do more,

作为白人女性，我们必须采取更多行动，

because racism and sexism and homophobia,

因为种族歧视，性别歧视和恐同症，

these are issues that affect all of us.

这些问题会影响我们所有人。

Number three: we've got to vote in every single election.

第三：我们必须在每一场选举中投票。

Every election.

每一场选举。

我们要让选民投票变得更容易，

And we've got to make it easier for folks to vote,

and we've got to make sure that every single vote is counted, OK?

我们需要确保每一张投票 都被计算在内。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Because the barriers that exist to voting in the United States,

因为存在于美国的投票障碍，

they fall disproportionately on women --

对女性来说尤其不便——

women of color, women with low incomes,

让那些有色人种的女性，低收入女性，

women who are working and trying to raise a family.

那些努力工作养家糊口的女性失望。

So we need to make it easier for everyone to vote,

所以我们需要让每个人的投票变得容易。

and we can start by making Election Day a federal holiday

我们可以从把选举日定为美国的

in the United States of America.

联邦假日开始。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Number four: don't wait for instructions.

第四点：不要等待指示。

If you see a problem that needs fixing,

如果你看到需要解决的问题。

I think you're the one to do it, OK?

那你就应该动手解决它。

So start a new organization, run for office.

去成立一个新的组织，参与竞选。

Or maybe it's as simple as standing up on the job in support of yourself

或者就像在工作中站出来为自己

or your coworkers.

或者你的同事发声一样简单。

This is up to all of us.

这取决于我们所有人。

And number five: invest in women, all right?

第五点：投资女性。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

Invest in women as candidates, as changemakers, as leaders.

投资女性作为候选人，改革者，领导者。

Just as an example,

举个例子，

in this last election cycle in the United States,

在美国最后一轮选举中，

women donated 100 million dollars more to candidates and campaigns

女性向候选人和竞选活动捐赠的金额

than they had just two years ago,

比两年前多了1亿美元，

and a record number of women won.

获胜的女性数量创下了记录。

So just think about that.

多了不起啊。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

So look, sometimes I think that the challenges we face,

有时候我认为我们面临的那些挑战

they seem overwhelming

似乎非常严峻，

and they seem like they almost can never be solved,

看起来几乎不可能被解决，

但我认为最棘手的问题

but I think the problems that seem the most intractable

are the ones that are most important to work on.

是那些最需要做的重要工作。

And just because it hasn't been figured out yet doesn't mean you won't.

但是问题没有解决 并不意味着你不能解决。

After all, if women's work were easy,

毕竟，如果女性的工作很简单，

someone else would have already been doing it, right?

其他人就已经做完了，是吧？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

But women around the globe, they're on the move,

但全球各地的女性都在行动，

and they are taking strengths and inspiration from each other.

从彼此身上汲取力量和灵感。

They are doing things they never could have imagined.

她们正在做从未想象过的事情。

So if we could just take the progress we have made

所以如果我们能把我们加入

in joining the workforce,

劳动力大军，

in joining business,

加入企业，

in joining the educational system,

加入教育系统取得的进步

and actually channel that into building true political power,

用于建立真正的政治权力，

we will reshape this century,

我们就会重塑这个世纪，

because one of us can be ignored,

因为一个人会被忽视，

two of us can be dismissed,

两个人会被驳斥，

but together, we're a movement,

但大家团结一致就能掀起一场运动，

and we're unstoppable.

而且势不可挡。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause and cheers)

（鼓掌和欢呼）

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）