The political progress women have made — and what's next | Cecile Richards

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Melody Tang

Nearly 100 years ago,

大約一百年前，

almost today,

在大約今天，

most women in the United States finally won the right to vote.

美國大部分的女性終於贏得了投票權。

Now, it would take decades more for women of color to earn that right,

有色人種的女性要到 數十年後才爭得這項權利，

and we've come a long way since,

我們已有了相當大的進展，

but I would argue not nearly far enough.

但我會說這些進展還差得遠。

I think what women want today,

我認為，現今的女性所要的，

not just only in the United States but around the globe,

不僅是指美國的女性， 還有全世界的女性，

is to no longer be an afterthought.

不想再像以前一樣， 總是事後才被想到。

We don't want to continue to try to, like, look at the next 100 years

我們不希望再持續努力一百年，

and be granted, grudgingly, small legal rights and accommodations.

才被勉強地給予 一些小小的合法權利與便利。

We simply want true and full equality.

我們只是想要真實和完整的平等。

I think that women are tired of retrofitting ourselves

我認為女性已經 厭倦了改裝我們自己，

into institutions and governments that were built by men, for men,

來配合由男人建立、 為男人建立的制度和政府，

and we'd rather reshape the future on our own terms.

我們想要依照我們自己的 意願來重塑未來。

I believe --

我相信——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I believe what we need is a women's political revolution for full equality

我相信我們需要一個 完全平等的政治革命——

across race, across class, across gender identity,

跨種族、跨階級、跨性別認同、

across sexual orientation,

跨性取向，

and yes, across political labels,

當然，還有跨政治標籤。

because I believe what binds us together as women

因為我相信，將我們女性 團結在一起的力量，

is so much more profound than what keeps up apart.

遠比離間我們的力量更深厚。

And so I've given some thought

所以，我思考了要如何 打造這場女性政治革命，

about how to build this women's political revolution

and that's what I want to talk to you about today.

這就是今天我想跟各位談的主題。

(Cheers)

（歡呼）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

The good news is that one thing that hasn't changed in the last century

好消息是，在上個世紀中 有一樣東西沒有改變，

is women's resilience

那就是女性的韌性，

and our commitment to build a better life not only for ourselves,

以及我們要建立更好生活的決心， 不僅是為我們自己，

but for generations to come,

也為了未來的世代。

because I can't think of a single woman

因為我相信不會有任何女性

who wants her daughter

會希望她的女兒

to have fewer rights or opportunities than she's had.

擁有的權利或機會比她還少。

So we know we all stand on the shoulders of the women who came before us,

我們知道，我們都站在 女性前人的肩膀上。

and as for myself,

至於我自己，

I come from a long line of tough Texas women.

我的家族世世代代 都是頑強的德州女性。

(Cheers)

（歡呼）

My grandparents lived outside of Waco, Texas,

我的外祖父母住在 德州韋科市外的郊區。

in the country.

And when my grandmother got pregnant,

我外婆懷孕時，

of course she was not going to go to the hospital to deliver,

當然她不打算去醫院生產，

she was going to have that baby at home.

她打算在家生產。

But when she went into labor,

但，當她開始分娩時，

she called the neighbor woman over to cook dinner for my grandfather,

她打電話給一位鄰居女子， 請她來為我外公準備晚餐，

because ...

因為……

I mean, it was unthinkable that he was going to make supper for himself.

在那時，根本無法想像 他會自己弄晚餐來吃。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Been there.

我很清楚。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

The neighbor had no experience with killing a chicken,

這位鄰居從來沒有殺過雞，

and that was what was planned for dinner that night.

而那是那天規劃好的晚餐。

And so as the story goes,

所以，接下來的故事是，

my grandmother, in the birthing bed, in labor,

我外婆，躺在產床上，正在分娩，

hoists herself up on one elbow and wrings that chicken's neck, right?

用一隻手肘撐起自己， 扭斷了那隻雞的脖子。

And that is how my mother came into this world.

我媽就是這樣出生的。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

But the amazing thing is,

但，神奇的是，

even though my mother's own grandmother could not vote in Texas,

雖然我媽媽自己的祖母 在德州無法投票，

because under Texas law,

因為，根據德州法律，

"idiots, imbeciles, the insane and women"

「白癡、低能者、精神病患，及女性」

were prevented the franchise --

沒有選舉權——

just two generations later,

但兩個世代以後，

my mother, Ann Richards, was elected the first woman governor in her own right

我媽媽安·理查斯， 根據她自己的權利，

在德州獲選為第一位女州長。

in the state of Texas.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

But you see, when Mom was coming up in Texas,

但，當我媽媽在德州擔任州長時，

there weren't a lot of opportunities for women,

女性的機會還很少，

and frankly, she spent her entire life trying to change that.

坦白說，她投入一生的努力 試圖改變這個現象。

She used to like to say,

她以前很喜歡說：

"As women, if you just give us a chance, we can perform.

「只要給我們女性一個機會， 我們就能做給你看。

After all, Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did,

畢竟，弗雷德·阿斯泰爾做過的一切， 琴吉·羅傑斯也都做到了，

but she did it backwards and in high heels."

但她是穿著高跟鞋且倒退著做到的。」

Right?

對嗎？

And honestly, that's kind of what women have been doing for this last century:

老實說，在過去的這個世紀， 女性就一直是這樣做的：

despite having very, very little political power,

儘管我們擁有的政治力量非常少，

we have made enormous progress.

我們取得了驚人的進展。

So today in the United States,

所以，現今在美國， 在得到投票權的一百年後，

100 years after getting the right to vote,

women are almost half the workforce.

勞動力中已經有近一半是女性。

And in 40 percent of families with children,

在四成有小孩的家庭中，

women are the major breadwinners.

女性是負責養家糊口的人。

Economists even estimate

經濟學家甚至估計，

that if every single paid working woman took just one day off of work,

如果讓每一位 有薪工作的女性放假一天，

it would cost the United States 21 billion dollars

美國的國內生產總值

就會減少 210 億美元。

in gross domestic product.

Now, largely because of Title IX, which required educational equity,

主要是因為教育法修正案 第九條規定男女教育平等，

women are actually now half the college students in the United States.

現今美國大學生有一半是女性。

We're half the medical students, we're half the law students --

醫學系學生有一半是女性， 法律系學生有一半是女性——

Exactly.

是的。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And a fact I absolutely love:

還有一件我非常愛的事實：

One of the most recent classes of graduating NASA astronauts was ...

最近一個美國太空總署 畢業的太空人班級……

What?

如何呢？史上第一次，有一半是女性。

For the first time, 50 percent women.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

The point is that women are really changing industries,

重點是，女性真的在改變各個產業。

they're changing business from the inside out.

她們從內而外在改變商業。

But when it comes to government, it's another story,

但在政府這方面就另當別論了。

and I actually think a picture is worth 1000 words.

我認為，一張照片能抵過千言萬語。

This is a photograph from 2017 at the White House

這張照片是 2017 年 在白宮拍攝的。

when congressional leaders were called over to put the final details

那時國會領袖被召去白宮， 把最後的細節

into the health-care reform bill that was to go to Congress.

放入接下來要送交國會的 健康照護改革法案。

Now, one of the results of this meeting

這場會議的其中一項結果，

was that they got rid of maternity benefits,

就是他們拿掉生育津貼。

which may not be that surprising,

這並不讓人意外，

since no one at that table actually would need maternity benefits.

畢竟會議中的人都不是 會需要生育津貼的人。

And unfortunately, that's what we've learned the hard way

不幸的是，在美國，我們女性 付出很高的代價才學到這個教訓。

in the US for women.

If we're not at the table, we're on the menu, right?

因為如果我們沒有參與， 就任人宰割，對吧？

And we're simply not at enough tables,

而我們參與的會議不夠多。

because even though women are the vast majority of voters

因為，雖然在美國， 投票者絕大多數是女性，

in the United States,

we fall far behind the rest of the world in political representation.

政治上的女性比例 卻遠遠落後其他國家。

Recent research is that when they ranked all the countries,

近期的一項研究 把所有的國家拿來排名，

the United States is 104th in women's representation in office.

在官職中的女性比例， 美國排在第 104 名。

104th ...

第 104 名……

Right behind Indonesia.

排在印尼之後。

So is it any big surprise, then,

想想是誰在做決策，

我們是唯一一個沒有 帶薪家務假的已開發國家，

considering who's making decisions,

we're the only developed country with no paid family leave?

這樣的結果會讓人驚訝嗎？

And despite all the research and improvements we've made

儘管我們做了這麼多 在醫療照護方面的研究和改善——

in medical care --

and this is really horrifying to me --

但這真的嚇壞我了——

the United States now leads the developed world in maternal mortality rates.

美國現今在已開發國家中 有最高的孕產婦死亡率。

Now, when it comes to equal pay, we're not doing a whole lot better.

另外，於薪資平等方面， 我們也沒有好到哪裡去。

Women now, on average, in the United States,

在美國，平均來說，

女性賺的錢只有男性的 80%。

still only make 80 cents to the dollar that a man makes.

Though if you're an African American woman,

不過，如果你是非裔女性，

it's 63 cents to the dollar.

妳賺的就只有男性的 63%。

And if you're Latina, it's 54 cents to the dollar.

如果你是拉丁裔，就只有 54%。

It's an outrage.

這真讓人憤怒。

Now, women in the UK, the United Kingdom,

在英國的女性

just came up with something I thought was rather ingenious,

想出了一個我覺得很妙的點子，

in order to illustrate the impact of the pay gap.

為了說明薪資差距的影響。

So, starting November 10 and going through the end of the year,

從 11 月 10 日開始，一直到年底，

they simply put an out-of-office memo on their email

她們就只是把外出備忘錄 放在電子郵件上，

to indicate all the weeks they were working without pay.

指出她們無薪工作的每個星期。

Right?

對吧。

I think it's an idea that actually could catch on.

我認為這個點子真的會有用。

But imagine if women actually had political power.

但想像一下，如果女性 真的有政治力量會如何。

Imagine if we were at the table, making decisions.

想像一下，如果我們在 會議桌上做決策。

Imagine if we had our own women's political party

想像一下，如果我們 有女性自己的政黨，

that instead of putting our issues to the side as distractions,

我們的議題就不再是 被擺在一旁讓人分心的議題，

made them the top priority.

而是最優先處理的議題。

Well, we know --

我們知道——

research shows that when women are in office,

研究顯示，女性執政時，

they actually act differently than men.

她們的行為與男性不同。

They collaborate more with their colleagues,

女性比較會和同事合作，

they work across party lines,

會跨越黨派界線，

and women are much more likely to support legislation

而且女性更有可能支持立法

that improves access to health care, education, civil rights.

改善獲得健康照護、教育、 以及公民權的機會。

And what we've seen in our research in the United States Congress

在美國國會所做的研究裡，

is that women sponsor more legislation

我們看到女性支持的立法比較多，

and they cosponsor more legislation.

她們共同支持的立法也比較多。

So all the evidence is that when women actually have the chance to serve,

所有的證據都顯示， 當女性有機會可以服務時，

they make a huge difference and they get the job done.

她們造成很大的不同， 而且她們把事情辦好。

So how would it look in the United States if different people were making decisions?

所以如果不同的人來做決策， 美國會是什麼樣子呢？

Well, I firmly believe if half of Congress could get pregnant,

我堅信，如果有一半 國會議員能夠懷孕，

we would finally quit fighting about birth control

我們就永遠不會再有針對 避孕以及計畫生育的爭議。

and Planned Parenthood.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

That would be over.

那會告一段落。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I also really believe that finally,

我也相信，終於，

businesses might quit treating pregnancy as a nuisance,

企業能夠不再將懷孕視為麻煩，

and rather understand it as a primary medical issue

而是認知到懷孕是數百萬 美國工作者的主要醫療問題。

for millions of American workers.

And I think if more women were in office,

我認為，如果有越多女性執政，

our government would actually prioritize keeping families together

我們的政府會把 讓家人在一起的優先順序

rather than pulling them apart.

放在拆散家庭之上。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

But perhaps most importantly,

但也許最重要的是，

I think all of these issues would no longer be seen as "women's issues."

上述這些議題都不會再被 視為是「女性的議題」。

They would just be seen as basic issues of fairness and equality

它們會被視為是每個人都支持的

that everybody can get behind.

公平和平等的基本議題。

So I think the question is,

所以，我認為問題是，

what would it take, actually, to build this women's political revolution?

實際上，要如何才能夠建造 這個女性政治革命？

The good news is, actually, it's already started.

好消息是，其實 這個革命已經開始了。

Because women around the globe are demanding workplaces,

因為全球各地的女性 在強力要求工作場所、

they're demanding educational institutions,

在強力要求教育機構、

they're demanding governments

在強力要求政府，

where sexism and sexual harassment and sexual assault are neither accepted

性別歧視、性騷擾、性侵害

既不可接受，也不能容忍。

nor tolerated.

Women around the world, as we know,

我們知道，全世界的女性

are raising their hands and saying, "Me Too,"

都在舉起她們的手， 說「我也是」，

and it's a movement that's made so much more powerful

這個活動能夠如此強大，

by the fact that women are standing together across industries,

就是因為各個產業的女性 都站在同一陣線，

from domestic workers to celebrities in Hollywood.

從家務工到好萊塢名人都有。

Women are marching, we're sitting in,

女性在遊行，我們參與靜坐，

we're speaking up.

我們在大聲呼籲。

Women are challenging the status quo,

女性在挑戰現狀，

we're busting old taboos

我們在打破古老的禁忌，

and yes, we are proudly making trouble.

是的，我們很驕傲地在製造麻煩。

So, women in Saudi Arabia are driving for the very first time.

所以，沙烏地阿拉伯的 女性也能開車了，

這是有史以來第一次。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Women in Iraq are standing in solidarity with survivors of human trafficking.

伊拉克的女性和人口販賣的 倖存者團結起來。

And women from El Salvador to Ireland are fighting for reproductive rights.

從薩爾瓦多到愛爾蘭的女性 在為生育權而戰。

And women in Myanmar are standing up for human rights.

緬甸的女性為了人權而站出來。

In short, I think the most profound leadership in the world

簡言之，我認為 世界上最深厚的領導力

isn't coming from halls of government.

不是來自政府的廳堂，

It's coming from women at the grassroots all across the globe.

而是來自全球各地的草根女性。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And here in the United States, women are on fire.

在美國這裡，女性火力全開。

So a recent Kaiser poll reported

凱瑟醫療機構近期有一份民調指出

that since our last presidential election in 2016,

從 2016 年的總統大選之後，

one in five Americans have either marched or taken part in a protest,

五名美國人就有一名 曾經參加遊行或參與抗議，

and the number one issue has been women's rights.

而排名第一的議題就是女權。

Women are starting new organizations,

女性開始創辦組織，

they are volunteering on campaigns,

她們在競選活動中擔任志工，

and they're taking on every issue

她們槓上每一個議題，

from gun-safety reform to public education.

從槍枝安全改革到公共教育。

And women are running for office in record numbers,

女性參選的人數也創下記錄，

and they are winning.

而且她們還勝選。

So -- (Laughs)

所以——（笑聲）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Women like Lucy McBath from Georgia.

像來自喬治亞的露西． 麥克巴斯這樣的女性，

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Lucy lost her son to gun violence,

露西的兒子在槍枝暴力事件中身亡，

and it was because of her experience with the criminal justice system

因為她自己有 和司法體制相關的經歷，

that she realized just how broken it is,

她了解這個體制有多少問題，

and she decided to do something about that.

而她決定要為此做點什麼。

So she ran for office,

於是她去參選，

and this January, she's going to Congress.

今年一月，她就要去國會了。

OK? Or --

好嗎？或者——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Angie Craig from Minnesota.

明尼蘇達州的安琪．克雷格。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

So her congressman had made such hateful comments about LGBTQ people

她那州的國會議員針對 非異性戀族群講出仇恨言論，

that she decided to challenge him.

讓她決定要挑戰這位議員。

And you know what? She did, and she won,

猜猜如何？她參選了，且贏了。

and when she goes to Congress in January,

當她在一月進入國會時，

she'll be the first lesbian mother serving in the House of Representatives.

她將成為第一位在眾議院 任職的同志媽媽。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Or --

或是——

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Or Lauren Underwood from Illinois.

或是伊利諾州的勞倫．安德伍德。

She's a registered nurse,

她是有執照的護理師，

and she sees every day the impact that lack of health care access has

她每天都會看到無法 取得健康照護的現象

on the community where she lives,

對她所居住的社區有什麼影響，

and so she decided to run.

所以她決定參選。

She took on six men in her primary, she beat them all,

她的初選對手是六名男性， 而她打敗了他們所有人，

she won the general election,

她贏了普選，

and when she goes to Congress in January,

當一月她進入國會時，

she's going to be the first African-American woman ever

她將會是華盛頓特區史上第一位

to serve her district in Washington, D.C.

擔任此職的非裔美國女性。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

So women are recognizing --

所以，女性開始了解——

this is our moment.

這是我們的時刻。

Don't wait for permission,

不要等待允許，

don't wait for your turn.

不要等待輪到你。

As the late, great Shirley Chisholm said --

正如已故的偉人 雪莉．奇瑟姆所言——

Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American woman ever

雪莉．奇瑟姆是史上第一位 進入國會的非裔美國女性，

to go to Congress

也是民主黨第一位 競選總統的女性——

and the first woman to run for president in the Democratic party --

but Shirley Chisholm said,

但，雪莉．奇瑟姆說：

"If there's no room for you at the table, just pull up a folding chair."

「如果會議桌沒有你的位置， 你就自己拉一把摺疊椅過去。」

And that's what women are doing, all across the country.

這就是全國各地的女性在做的事。

I believe women are now the most important and powerful political force

我相信，現在全世界 最重要且強大的力量，

in the world,

就是女性，

but how do we make sure that this is not just a moment?

但我們要如何確保 這不只是稍縱即逝的一刻？

What we need is actually a global movement for women's full equality

我們需要的是一個女性 完全平權的全球運動，

that is intersectional and it's intergenerational,

能夠跨越部門、跨越世代的運動，

where no one gets left behind.

沒有任何人被漏掉。

And so I have a few ideas about how we could do that.

關於要怎麼做，我有幾個想法。

Number one: it's not enough to resist.

第一：僅僅抵抗是不夠的。

It's not enough to say what we're against.

只說出我們反對什麼是不夠的。

It's time to be loud and proud about what we are for,

該是對我們的目標大聲疾呼 並感到驕傲的時候了，

because being for full equality is a mainstream value

因為完全的平權是一個主流價值，

and something that we can get behind.

這是我們能夠去支持的。

Because actually, men support equal pay for women.

因為，男性其實支持 女性得到平等的薪資。

Millennials, they support gender equality.

千禧世代也支持性別平等。

And businesses are increasingly adopting family-friendly policies,

越來越多企業採用 對家庭友善的政策，

not just because it's the right thing to do,

不僅是因為那是應該做的事，

but because it's good for their workers.

也因為那對他們的員工有好處， 對他們的公司有好處。

It's good for their business.

Number two:

第二：

We have to remember, in the words of Fannie Lou Hamer,

我們必須要記住 芬妮．露哈默所說的，

that "nobody's free 'til everybody's free."

「在每個人都擁有自由之前， 沒有人是自由的。」

So as I mentioned earlier,

如我先前提到的，

women of color in this country didn't even get the right to vote

這個國家中的有色女性 得到投票權的時間，

until much further along than the rest of us.

比我們其他人晚了非常多。

But since they did, they are the most reliable voters,

但自從他們有投票權之後， 他們就是最可靠的選民，

and women of color are the most reliable voters for candidates

對於支持女權的候選人，

有色人種的女性是最可靠的選民，

who support women's rights,

and we need to follow their lead --

我們需要追隨她們——

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Because their issues are our issues.

因為她們的議題就是我們的議題。

And as white women, we have to do more,

身為白人女性，我們得要做更多，

because racism and sexism and homophobia,

因為種族主義、 性別主義，和恐同性戀症，

these are issues that affect all of us.

是影響我們所有人的議題。

Number three: we've got to vote in every single election.

第三：每一次選舉， 我們都要去投票。

Every election.

每一次。

And we've got to make it easier for folks to vote,

我們得要把投票變得更容易，

and we've got to make sure that every single vote is counted, OK?

我們得要確保每一票都算數，好嗎？

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Because the barriers that exist to voting in the United States,

因為在美國有投票的障礙，

they fall disproportionately on women --

那些障礙很不成比例地 落在女性身上——

women of color, women with low incomes,

有色人種女性、低收入女性、

women who are working and trying to raise a family.

需要工作並試圖養家的女性。

So we need to make it easier for everyone to vote,

所以我們必須要確保 人人都很容易投票，

and we can start by making Election Day a federal holiday

我們可以從將美國的選舉日

訂為國定假日開始著手。

in the United States of America.

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Number four: don't wait for instructions.

第四：不要等指示。

If you see a problem that needs fixing,

如果你看到有問題需要處理，

I think you're the one to do it, OK?

我想，你就該是去處理的那個人。

So start a new organization, run for office.

所以，成立新組織，去競選。

Or maybe it's as simple as standing up on the job in support of yourself

也許簡單如在工作上站出來

支持你自己或你的同事。

or your coworkers.

This is up to all of us.

這是我們所有人自己能決定的。

And number five: invest in women, all right?

第五：投資女性，好嗎？

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Invest in women as candidates, as changemakers, as leaders.

投資女性去參選， 去做改變，去領導。

Just as an example,

舉個例子，

in this last election cycle in the United States,

在美國最近的一次選舉週期中，

women donated 100 million dollars more to candidates and campaigns

女性捐贈給候選人 和競選活動的金額，

比兩年前多出了至少一億美金，

than they had just two years ago,

and a record number of women won.

女性勝選的人數也創下記錄。

So just think about that.

想想這一點。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲和歡呼）

So look, sometimes I think that the challenges we face,

所以，有時我認為我們面臨的挑戰

they seem overwhelming

似乎永遠都不可能有解，

and they seem like they almost can never be solved,

but I think the problems that seem the most intractable

但我認為，看似最棘手的問題

are the ones that are most important to work on.

才是最重要最需要去處理的。

And just because it hasn't been figured out yet doesn't mean you won't.

而且，現在還沒有想到辦法， 並不表示將來不會有辦法。

After all, if women's work were easy,

畢竟，如果女性的工作很簡單，

someone else would have already been doing it, right?

早就有其他人在做了，對吧？

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

But women around the globe, they're on the move,

但全球各位的女性都動了起來，

and they are taking strengths and inspiration from each other.

而且她們從彼此身上 得到力量、鼓舞。

They are doing things they never could have imagined.

她們在做她們以前完全無法想像的事。

So if we could just take the progress we have made

所以，如果我們能將我們已在

in joining the workforce,

結合勞動力、

in joining business,

結合企業、

in joining the educational system,

結合教育體制所取得的進展，

and actually channel that into building true political power,

實際上將這些進展引導成 建立真正的政治力量，

we will reshape this century,

我們將重塑這個世紀。

because one of us can be ignored,

因為，只有一個人，可能會被忽略，

two of us can be dismissed,

只有兩個人，可能會被打發，

but together, we're a movement,

但若同心協力，我們就是一場運動，

and we're unstoppable.

沒人能阻擋我們。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause and cheers)

（掌聲及歡呼）

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）