Naomi Mwaura: A feminist reimagining of Kenya’s public transport | TED Fellows

翻译人员: Frank Cui 校对人员: Helen Chang

[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]

[塑造你的未来]

In Kenya, buses are commonly known as "matatus."

在肯尼亚，我们一般称巴士为“Matatus”

They're everywhere -- and I mean everywhere.

它们无处不在—— 没错，随处可见

And they form a very crucial part of Kenyans' urban life.

而且，它们是肯尼亚人城市生活中 非常重要的一部分

They're fun, colorfully painted buses

这些巴士很有意思，绘有多彩的图案

with graffiti that depicts what is going on in Kenya

上面还有涂鸦， 这些涂鸦描述着肯尼亚

and the world at large.

和整个世界的现况。

They're informal and affordable ways for Kenyans to get around

它们价格亲民， 是肯尼亚人的日常出行方式，

and are used by the vast majority as the main mode of transportation.

也是大多数人主要的交通方式。

But they have a couple of flaws.

但它们也存在一些缺点，

They can be a bit too loud,

有时会非常吵闹，

drive on the wrong side of the road

有时行驶在道路的错误一侧，

to avoid traffic

来避开交通拥堵。

and can be inaccessible for women, children and people with disabilities.

女性，儿童，残障人士有时 会无法使用。

Back in the 90s, my family was in the matatu business

在90年代，我的家人 从事“Matatu”生意，

and ran a popular graffiti matatu called "Gridlock'd."

运营着一辆非常受欢迎的涂鸦“Mttatu” 名为 “浪子回头妙事多”。

"Gridlock'd" was an American black comedy film

“浪子回头妙事多” 是一部美国黑色喜剧片，

starring the popular rapper Tupac Shakur.

由广受欢迎的说唱歌手 图帕克·夏库尔主演。

My uncles loved Tupac, and as a result,

我的叔叔很热爱他，

所以我现在仍然能出他的大部分歌曲

I can still sing along to most of his songs.

Seven years ago, I stepped into the family business,

七年前，我开始参与家里的生意，

and I brought a twist with me -- a feminist perspective.

我带来了新的变化 ——女性主义者视角。

And this is what informs this perspective:

下面是现实中对这一观点的说明，

women all over the world face sexual harassment while using public transport.

全世界的女性在乘坐公共交通时 都有可能面临性骚扰。

In Kenya, 88 percent of women have experienced harassment

在肯尼亚，88%的女性 在乘坐公共交通工具时，

while using public transportation.

有遭受性骚扰的经历。

Unfortunately, we Kenyans are not alone.

不幸的是，不仅我们肯尼亚。

In a 2014 study conducted in the US,

美国在2014年所做的研究表明，

public transportation was the second-most common place

公共交通工具是发生街头骚扰的

for street harassment.

第二最普遍的场所。

This percentage is even higher in Cairo, Egypt,

在埃及开罗，这比例甚更高，

where a whopping 95 percent of women have experienced harassment

那里有着高达95%的女性 在乘坐交通工具时，

while using public transportation.

曾遭受过性骚扰。

This percentage ranges all over the world,

世界各地的百分比范围各异，

but there's not a single transport system

但是却没有一个交通系统当中，

where women do not face this type of harassment.

女性可以不必面对这样的骚扰。

This leads to a massive financial loss for women,

这一现象导致了巨额女性经济损失，

more commute time as they try to avoid dangerous routes,

她们以更长的通勤时间来 避开不安全的路线，

and eventually, they drop out of a system that isn't built for them

结果她们就退出了这个

并不是为女性打造

and doesn't cater to their travel needs.

也不能满足她们旅行需求的系统。

So instead of women using affordable

因此，替代了原来女性负担得起，

and environmentally sustainable public transportation

同时还益于环境 可持续性的公共交通，

to work, school and social events,

来上班，上学，参与社会事务，

they use their hard-earned and saved monies

她们用来之不易的和省下来的钱

on safer but much more expensive means of transportation

选择更安全也更贵的交通方式，

that leaves them out of building savings to ensure financial independence.

导致她们无法存钱来实现经济独立。

I cringe when newspaper headlines read, "Let's get rid of matatus,"

我畏惧报纸标题写的 “让我们摆脱 ‘Matatus’,”

because millions of commuters would be stranded

因为大量的的通勤人员 将会陷入困境，

and thousands of youths unemployed.

同时许多年轻人会失业。

They say, "The system doesn't work. Let's get rid of it."

他们说：“这个系统没用了， 让我们摆脱它。“

But I say no.

我却要说不，

We have a lot to work with, and we need to put in the work.

我们有大堆的改善工作要做。

For the past seven years,

过去的七年里，

we've worked with over 1,000+ public transport operators,

我们和超过1000家公共交通运营商，

2,000 transport stakeholders

2000家交通利益相关者，

and over 150 women professionals in the industry.

超过150名行业内女性专业人士 有过合作。

The interventions that have yielded great impact are driven by research findings

研究结果推动的干预措施 产生了巨大的影响。

and working with public transport organizations

同时和公共交通组织合作

to change the existing systems.

改变现有的系统。

One way we are doing this is by offering trainings

我们的方法之一是 提供培训，

on how to improve commuter experience.

培训如何改善通勤人的体验。

For example, it used to be that buses would unexpectedly change their route

例如，巴士以前会 出乎意料地改变路线，

either to avoid traffic

不论是为了避开交通拥堵

or the police,

还是避开交通警察，

and women would find themselves in totally unknown neighborhoods.

使得女性会发现她们来到了 完全陌生的街区。

But now, buses are required to display their route map,

但是现在巴士被要求展示路线地图、

fare charts

票价表，

and contact details of how and whom to report any incidences.

还有汇报交通意外的 详细情况联系细节。

We've also been actively recruiting and shining a spotlight

我们也积极地招募成员 引起更多人去关注

on women professionals working in the industry

交通行业女性专业人士，

so more women can join.

来让更多女性加入我们、

When more women work in the industry, they are in positions to make changes.

随着更多女性的加入 她们就将会带来改变。

So we've created a community, and an active network

我们为内罗毕首都地区 女性专业人士

of women professionals working in the Nairobi metropolitan area

建立了一个社群， 也是一个活跃的网络，

who meet regularly and attend professional development courses.

她们经常见面 并且一起上专业发展课。

Women who are joining the industry have a real voice now.

加入该行业的女性终于能真正地发声。

We have a stronger network,

我们有了更强大的网络，

more and more expertise,

更多的专业知识，

and more money is being put into researching gender-based violence

更多资金也投入到 性别暴力的研究当中。

that plagues women as they go about their day.

那些日常生活中 折磨她们的暴力行为。

So instead of getting rid of matatus,

我们更应该理解旅行习惯，

let's understand travel habits.

而不是抛弃“Matatus”

Let's train on how to improve commuter experience.

让我们通过培训来改善通勤者的体验。

Let's change behavior.

让我们改变自己的行为。

Let's train on and adopt sexual harassment policies,

让我们学习，出台性骚扰政策。

and let's hire a more diverse workforce.

让我们雇用更为多元的劳动力，

Just like myself and my family,

就像我和我和家庭，

I believe public transportation can be the preferred mode of transport

我相信公共交通 能成为解决交通问题的首选，

and workplace for millions of Kenyans.

也可以成为数百万 肯尼亚人工作的首选。