Naomi Mwaura: A feminist reimagining of Kenya’s public transport | TED Fellows

110,927 views ・ 2021-06-09

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譯者: 童寧 張 審譯者: Helen Chang
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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[塑造你的未來]
00:17
In Kenya, buses are commonly known as "matatus."
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在肯亞,「公車」又稱作「馬塔圖斯」
00:21
They're everywhere -- and I mean everywhere.
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它們到處都是,真的到處都是
00:24
And they form a very crucial part of Kenyans' urban life.
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並在肯亞的都市扮演重要的角色
00:27
They're fun, colorfully painted buses
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它們是有趣的、彩色的公車
00:30
with graffiti that depicts what is going on in Kenya
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上面的塗鴉描繪了肯亞發生的事
00:33
and the world at large.
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甚或世界發生了什麼
00:35
They're informal and affordable ways for Kenyans to get around
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它們是肯亞人日常可負擔的代步工具
00:39
and are used by the vast majority as the main mode of transportation.
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並被大部分人當作主要的交通方式
00:44
But they have a couple of flaws.
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但這些公車也有一些缺點
00:46
They can be a bit too loud,
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它們的噪音很大
00:48
drive on the wrong side of the road
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為了避免遇到塞車
00:50
to avoid traffic
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會行駛在錯誤的方向
00:51
and can be inaccessible for women, children and people with disabilities.
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且對女性、小孩及身障人士不太方便
00:56
Back in the 90s, my family was in the matatu business
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90年代期間 我的家族從事馬塔圖斯生意
01:00
and ran a popular graffiti matatu called "Gridlock'd."
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經營有名的塗鴉公車 「浪子回頭妙事多」
01:04
"Gridlock'd" was an American black comedy film
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《浪子回頭妙事多》 是一部美國黑色幽默電影
01:08
starring the popular rapper Tupac Shakur.
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由著名饒舌歌手圖帕克·夏庫爾主演
01:11
My uncles loved Tupac, and as a result,
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我叔叔超愛圖帕克
因此我會唱他幾乎所有歌
01:14
I can still sing along to most of his songs.
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01:18
Seven years ago, I stepped into the family business,
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七年前,我加入家族企業
01:21
and I brought a twist with me -- a feminist perspective.
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並為企業帶來女性觀點這個轉機
01:25
And this is what informs this perspective:
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我的觀點是這樣的:
01:28
women all over the world face sexual harassment while using public transport.
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全世界的女性搭乘大眾運輸 面臨著性騷擾問題
01:34
In Kenya, 88 percent of women have experienced harassment
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在肯亞,百分之八十八的女性 搭乘大眾運輸時
01:38
while using public transportation.
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有被騷擾的經驗
01:41
Unfortunately, we Kenyans are not alone.
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不幸的是,這不只在肯亞發生
01:44
In a 2014 study conducted in the US,
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根據美國2014年的研究顯示
01:47
public transportation was the second-most common place
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大眾運輸是街頭騷擾發生頻率
01:51
for street harassment.
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第二高的地點
01:54
This percentage is even higher in Cairo, Egypt,
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這個數據在埃及首都開羅甚至更高
01:57
where a whopping 95 percent of women have experienced harassment
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高達百分之九十五的開羅女性 搭乘大眾運輸時
02:02
while using public transportation.
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曾被騷擾
02:05
This percentage ranges all over the world,
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並在世界各地持續發生
02:08
but there's not a single transport system
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但沒有任何大眾運輸系統
02:10
where women do not face this type of harassment.
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能避免女性受到這類騷擾
02:13
This leads to a massive financial loss for women,
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這使女性蒙受巨大經濟損失
02:17
more commute time as they try to avoid dangerous routes,
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為了避開危險路線 她們的通勤時間大增
02:21
and eventually, they drop out of a system that isn't built for them
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最終無法使用這些 不是為她們所建的運輸系統
02:25
and doesn't cater to their travel needs.
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因為這無法符合她們的搭乘需求
02:28
So instead of women using affordable
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因此女性不搭乘這些可負擔的
02:31
and environmentally sustainable public transportation
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且對環境友善的大眾運輸工具
02:34
to work, school and social events,
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去工作、學校及社交場合
02:37
they use their hard-earned and saved monies
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她們將這些辛苦賺來的錢
02:41
on safer but much more expensive means of transportation
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花在安全但昂貴的交通方式上
02:46
that leaves them out of building savings to ensure financial independence.
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這使女性無法經由儲蓄確保經濟獨立
02:52
I cringe when newspaper headlines read, "Let's get rid of matatus,"
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當報紙頭條寫著: 「捨棄馬塔圖斯吧!」我感到很不安
02:57
because millions of commuters would be stranded
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因為數百萬通勤者會陷入困境
03:00
and thousands of youths unemployed.
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數千名年輕人會被解僱
03:03
They say, "The system doesn't work. Let's get rid of it."
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他們說:「制度有問題就捨棄吧!」
03:07
But I say no.
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但我不認同
03:08
We have a lot to work with, and we need to put in the work.
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我們還有很多可以改善的地方
03:12
For the past seven years,
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在過去七年期間
03:14
we've worked with over 1,000+ public transport operators,
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我們與超過千名大眾運輸司機
03:18
2,000 transport stakeholders
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及兩千多名股東
03:21
and over 150 women professionals in the industry.
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還有超過一百五十名專業女性一起工作
03:25
The interventions that have yielded great impact are driven by research findings
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改善的方式是透過資訊搜集
03:31
and working with public transport organizations
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及與大眾運輸團體共事
03:34
to change the existing systems.
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一同改變現有的體制
03:37
One way we are doing this is by offering trainings
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我們在做的事之一是提供專業訓練
03:41
on how to improve commuter experience.
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以提升通勤者搭乘品質
03:43
For example, it used to be that buses would unexpectedly change their route
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舉例來說,過去巴士會隨意改變路線
03:49
either to avoid traffic
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為了避免塞車
03:51
or the police,
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或避開警察
03:52
and women would find themselves in totally unknown neighborhoods.
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因此女性會發現自己 在完全陌生的社區下車
03:57
But now, buses are required to display their route map,
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現在,公車必須提供行駛路線
04:02
fare charts
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及票價表
04:03
and contact details of how and whom to report any incidences.
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並為如何回報突發事件建立規則
04:07
We've also been actively recruiting and shining a spotlight
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我們也積極吸引和招聘
04:11
on women professionals working in the industry
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產業中的專業女性
04:14
so more women can join.
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讓更多女性加入我們
04:16
When more women work in the industry, they are in positions to make changes.
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當更多女性加入產業中,就能產生改變
04:20
So we've created a community, and an active network
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所以我們為在奈洛比都會區工作的女性
04:25
of women professionals working in the Nairobi metropolitan area
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建立一個活躍的社群
04:29
who meet regularly and attend professional development courses.
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她們定期聚會並參加專業課程
04:34
Women who are joining the industry have a real voice now.
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讓加入這個產業的女性 能真正為自己發聲
04:38
We have a stronger network,
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我們的社群逐漸增強
04:40
more and more expertise,
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專業知識越來越多
04:42
and more money is being put into researching gender-based violence
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也獲得更多研究資金
改善過去困擾女性的性別暴力問題
04:46
that plagues women as they go about their day.
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04:49
So instead of getting rid of matatus,
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所以與其捨棄馬塔圖斯
04:53
let's understand travel habits.
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讓我們試著了解人們的通勤習慣
04:56
Let's train on how to improve commuter experience.
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提升通勤者搭乘品質
05:00
Let's change behavior.
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讓我們改變過往的行為
05:02
Let's train on and adopt sexual harassment policies,
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改善並強化性騷擾防治政策
05:07
and let's hire a more diverse workforce.
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並雇用多元勞動力
05:10
Just like myself and my family,
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就像我的家族及我自己
05:13
I believe public transportation can be the preferred mode of transport
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我相信大眾運輸能成為理想的工作場域
05:18
and workplace for millions of Kenyans.
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及被肯亞人所採用的交通方式
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