Naomi Mwaura: A feminist reimagining of Kenya’s public transport | TED Fellows

譯者: 童寧 張 審譯者: Helen Chang

[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]

[塑造你的未來]

In Kenya, buses are commonly known as "matatus."

在肯亞，「公車」又稱作「馬塔圖斯」

They're everywhere -- and I mean everywhere.

它們到處都是，真的到處都是

And they form a very crucial part of Kenyans' urban life.

並在肯亞的都市扮演重要的角色

They're fun, colorfully painted buses

它們是有趣的、彩色的公車

with graffiti that depicts what is going on in Kenya

上面的塗鴉描繪了肯亞發生的事

and the world at large.

甚或世界發生了什麼

They're informal and affordable ways for Kenyans to get around

它們是肯亞人日常可負擔的代步工具

and are used by the vast majority as the main mode of transportation.

並被大部分人當作主要的交通方式

But they have a couple of flaws.

但這些公車也有一些缺點

They can be a bit too loud,

它們的噪音很大

drive on the wrong side of the road

為了避免遇到塞車

to avoid traffic

會行駛在錯誤的方向

and can be inaccessible for women, children and people with disabilities.

且對女性、小孩及身障人士不太方便

Back in the 90s, my family was in the matatu business

90年代期間 我的家族從事馬塔圖斯生意

and ran a popular graffiti matatu called "Gridlock'd."

經營有名的塗鴉公車 「浪子回頭妙事多」

"Gridlock'd" was an American black comedy film

《浪子回頭妙事多》 是一部美國黑色幽默電影

starring the popular rapper Tupac Shakur.

由著名饒舌歌手圖帕克·夏庫爾主演

My uncles loved Tupac, and as a result,

我叔叔超愛圖帕克

因此我會唱他幾乎所有歌

I can still sing along to most of his songs.

Seven years ago, I stepped into the family business,

七年前，我加入家族企業

and I brought a twist with me -- a feminist perspective.

並為企業帶來女性觀點這個轉機

And this is what informs this perspective:

我的觀點是這樣的：

women all over the world face sexual harassment while using public transport.

全世界的女性搭乘大眾運輸 面臨著性騷擾問題

In Kenya, 88 percent of women have experienced harassment

在肯亞，百分之八十八的女性 搭乘大眾運輸時

while using public transportation.

有被騷擾的經驗

Unfortunately, we Kenyans are not alone.

不幸的是，這不只在肯亞發生

In a 2014 study conducted in the US,

根據美國2014年的研究顯示

public transportation was the second-most common place

大眾運輸是街頭騷擾發生頻率

for street harassment.

第二高的地點

This percentage is even higher in Cairo, Egypt,

這個數據在埃及首都開羅甚至更高

where a whopping 95 percent of women have experienced harassment

高達百分之九十五的開羅女性 搭乘大眾運輸時

while using public transportation.

曾被騷擾

This percentage ranges all over the world,

並在世界各地持續發生

but there's not a single transport system

但沒有任何大眾運輸系統

where women do not face this type of harassment.

能避免女性受到這類騷擾

This leads to a massive financial loss for women,

這使女性蒙受巨大經濟損失

more commute time as they try to avoid dangerous routes,

為了避開危險路線 她們的通勤時間大增

and eventually, they drop out of a system that isn't built for them

最終無法使用這些 不是為她們所建的運輸系統

and doesn't cater to their travel needs.

因為這無法符合她們的搭乘需求

So instead of women using affordable

因此女性不搭乘這些可負擔的

and environmentally sustainable public transportation

且對環境友善的大眾運輸工具

to work, school and social events,

去工作、學校及社交場合

they use their hard-earned and saved monies

她們將這些辛苦賺來的錢

on safer but much more expensive means of transportation

花在安全但昂貴的交通方式上

that leaves them out of building savings to ensure financial independence.

這使女性無法經由儲蓄確保經濟獨立

I cringe when newspaper headlines read, "Let's get rid of matatus,"

當報紙頭條寫著： 「捨棄馬塔圖斯吧！」我感到很不安

because millions of commuters would be stranded

因為數百萬通勤者會陷入困境

and thousands of youths unemployed.

數千名年輕人會被解僱

They say, "The system doesn't work. Let's get rid of it."

他們說：「制度有問題就捨棄吧！」

But I say no.

但我不認同

We have a lot to work with, and we need to put in the work.

我們還有很多可以改善的地方

For the past seven years,

在過去七年期間

we've worked with over 1,000+ public transport operators,

我們與超過千名大眾運輸司機

2,000 transport stakeholders

及兩千多名股東

and over 150 women professionals in the industry.

還有超過一百五十名專業女性一起工作

The interventions that have yielded great impact are driven by research findings

改善的方式是透過資訊搜集

and working with public transport organizations

及與大眾運輸團體共事

to change the existing systems.

一同改變現有的體制

One way we are doing this is by offering trainings

我們在做的事之一是提供專業訓練

on how to improve commuter experience.

以提升通勤者搭乘品質

For example, it used to be that buses would unexpectedly change their route

舉例來說，過去巴士會隨意改變路線

either to avoid traffic

為了避免塞車

or the police,

或避開警察

and women would find themselves in totally unknown neighborhoods.

因此女性會發現自己 在完全陌生的社區下車

But now, buses are required to display their route map,

現在，公車必須提供行駛路線

fare charts

及票價表

and contact details of how and whom to report any incidences.

並為如何回報突發事件建立規則

We've also been actively recruiting and shining a spotlight

我們也積極吸引和招聘

on women professionals working in the industry

產業中的專業女性

so more women can join.

讓更多女性加入我們

When more women work in the industry, they are in positions to make changes.

當更多女性加入產業中，就能產生改變

So we've created a community, and an active network

所以我們為在奈洛比都會區工作的女性

of women professionals working in the Nairobi metropolitan area

建立一個活躍的社群

who meet regularly and attend professional development courses.

她們定期聚會並參加專業課程

Women who are joining the industry have a real voice now.

讓加入這個產業的女性 能真正為自己發聲

We have a stronger network,

我們的社群逐漸增強

more and more expertise,

專業知識越來越多

and more money is being put into researching gender-based violence

也獲得更多研究資金

改善過去困擾女性的性別暴力問題

that plagues women as they go about their day.

So instead of getting rid of matatus,

所以與其捨棄馬塔圖斯

let's understand travel habits.

讓我們試著了解人們的通勤習慣

Let's train on how to improve commuter experience.

提升通勤者搭乘品質

Let's change behavior.

讓我們改變過往的行為

Let's train on and adopt sexual harassment policies,

改善並強化性騷擾防治政策

and let's hire a more diverse workforce.

並雇用多元勞動力

Just like myself and my family,

就像我的家族及我自己

I believe public transportation can be the preferred mode of transport

我相信大眾運輸能成為理想的工作場域

and workplace for millions of Kenyans.

及被肯亞人所採用的交通方式