Climate justice can't happen without racial justice | David Lammy

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

翻译人员: TED Translators Admin 校对人员: Yanyan Hong

I've got to start by admitting that in many ways

我必须首先承认，在许多方面，

me giving a talk about how climate action can help Black communities is surprising.

由我来谈论气候行动如何帮助

黑人社区很令人惊讶。

I grew up poor and Black with a single mother in Tottenham,

我在托特纳姆长大， 又穷又黑，有位单亲妈妈，

one of the most deprived areas in London,

托特纳姆是 20 世纪 70 和 80 年代

in the 1970s and '80s.

伦敦最贫困的地区之一。

Climate change was the last thing on my mind.

气候变化曾是我最不会去考虑的事，

And representing Tottenham as its member of Parliament for the past 20 years,

在过去的 20 年里， 我作为议员代表托特纳姆。

my focus has been on trying to reduce the deprivation I grew up around.

我一直致力于

努力减少我成长环境中的贫困。

In the past, the climate crisis never featured at the forefront of my politics

在过去，气候危机从来没有

出现在我的政治生涯前沿，

because it was never one of the most immediate challenges

因为它从来不是我的选民

所面临的最紧迫挑战之一，

my constituents were facing,

or at least it didn't feel like it.

或者至少感觉不到气候危机。

Rising sea levels feel unimportant when your bank balance is falling.

当你的银行存款余额减少时，

海平面上升就没那么重要了。

Global warming is not your concern when you can't pay the heating bills.

当你付不起暖气费时，

全球变暖就不是你关心的问题了。

And you're not thinking about pollution when you're being stopped by the police.

当你被警察拦下时，

你就不会去考虑污染问题。

And so perhaps this is why

因此，也许这就是为什么，

as the Black Lives Matter movement roared across the world,

随着 “黑人的命也是命” 运动 在世界各地兴起，

there's been so little mention of saving Black lives

却很少有人会提到从气候紧急情况中

from the climate emergency.

去拯救黑人。

For too long, those of us who cared about racial justice

长久以来，我们这些关心种族正义的人，

treated environmental justice as though it was elitist.

对待环境正义 就好像它属于精英主义一样。

And at the same time,

与此同时，

the leaders who did focus on climate change

那些的确在关注气候变化的领导人

were usually white

通常是白人，

and rarely bothered to enlist the support of Black voices in their work.

很少费心在工作中 争取获得黑人的支持。

Even progressive allies sometimes took our votes for granted

即使是进步的盟友， 有时也认为我们的投票理所当然，

and assumed that our community didn't care or wouldn't understand.

并认为我们的社区不关心或不会理解，

The truth is the opposite is true.

而事实恰恰相反。

Black people breathe in the most toxic air relative to the general population.

黑人们所呼吸的空气中的有害物

远远大于普通民众。

We are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases like asthma.

我们更容易患哮喘等呼吸道疾病。

And it is people of color

在气候危机中， 有色人种更有可能经受痛苦，

who are more likely to suffer in the climate crisis.

This is no coincidence.

而这并不是巧合。

The cheapest housing tends to be next to the busiest roads,

最便宜的住宅 往往位于最繁忙的道路旁边，

and many of the lowest paid jobs are in the most polluting industries.

许多收入最低的工作

都在污染最严重的行业。

People of color consistently lie at the bottom of the housing,

有色人种一直处于住房、

教育和就业阶梯的最底层。

educational and employment ladders.

This story connects Black communities across the world,

这个故事连接了世界各地的黑人社区，

from London to Lagos to LA.

从伦敦到拉各斯到洛杉矶。

Black Americans are exposed to 56 percent more pollution

美国黑人受到的污染

than they cause.

比他们所造成的要多出 56% 。

White Americans breathe 17 percent less air pollution

美国白人呼吸的空气污染

than they produce.

比他们产生的要少 17%。

It gives a whole new meaning to the Black Lives Matter slogan

这给 “黑人的命也是命” 的口号

赋予了全新的含义，

"I can't breathe."

“我无法呼吸。”

We all rightly know the name of George Floyd,

我们都知道警察

who was murdered by the police.

杀害的乔治·弗洛伊德 （George Floyd）。

But we should also know the name of Ella Kissi-Debrah.

但我们也应该要知道艾拉·基西-黛博拉 （Ella Kissi-Debrah）。

Ella, a nine-year-old mixed-race girl from South East London,

艾拉，一位来自伦敦 东南部的 9 岁混血女孩

was killed by a fatal asthma attack.

死于致命的哮喘发作。

Evidence suggests this was caused

有证据表明，部分原因是

partly by the unlawful levels of air pollution near her home.

由于她家附近超标的空气污染。

And it's not only urban areas

黑人生活受到气候变化威胁的

where Black lives are disproportionately under threat from climate change.

不仅仅是在城市地区。

My parents' home country of Guyana

我父母的祖国圭亚那是地球上

is one of the most vulnerable countries on Earth

最容易受到气候变化影响的国家之一。

to the effects of climate change.

So far, Guyana has contributed relatively little

到目前为止，圭亚那 对气候紧急情况的贡献相对较小，

to the climate emergency,

but it's one of the countries facing the most serious threats from it.

但它是面临最严重威胁的国家之一。

While the annual carbon dioxide emissions per head in the United States

美国每年人均二氧化碳排放量

高达 16.5 公吨，

is a staggering 16.5 metric tons,

in Guyana it's just 2.6.

而圭亚那仅为 2.6 公吨。

It is a pattern repeated across the globe.

这是一种在全球不断重演的模式。

Those countries that have contributed least to the climate breakdown,

那些对气候恶化影响最小的国家，

主要是全球南部国家，

mainly in the global south,

will suffer the most from floods, droughts, and rising temperatures.

将遭受最严重的洪水、

干旱和气温上升。

This is a pattern of suffering with a long history.

这是一种历史悠久的苦难模式。

The exploitation of our planet's natural resources

对我们地球自然资源的开发

has always been tied to the exploitation of people of color.

一直与剥削有色人种息息相关。

The logic of colonization

殖民化的逻辑是通过武力

was to extract valuable resources from our planet through force,

从我们的地球上提取宝贵的资源，

paying no attention to its secondary effects.

而不考虑其次要影响。

The climate crisis is in a way colonialism's natural conclusion.

在某种程度上，

气候危机是殖民主义的自然后果。

The solution is to build a new coalition

解决办法是建立一个新的联盟，

made up of all the groups most affected by this emergency:

由所有受这次紧急事件 影响最大的群体组成：

Black people in American cities

美国城市中已经抗议说

who are already protesting that they cannot breathe;

他们无法呼吸的黑人，

people of color in Guyana watching sea levels rise

在圭亚那看着海平面上升

to the point where many of their homes become uninhabitable;

以至于他们的许多家园 无法居住的有色人种；

young people in places like Tottenham, London,

像在伦敦托特纳姆害怕

afraid of the world that they will grow old in;

他们将来要面对的世界的年轻人，

and progressive allies from all nations,

以及来自所有国家、

of all races, religions, creeds and ages on their side,

所有种族、宗教、 信仰和年龄的进步盟友，

all demanding recognition

他们都要求承认气候正义

that climate justice is linked to racial justice, social justice

与种族正义、社会正义和

and intergenerational justice too.

代际正义相关。

And let me say something about how we build this new movement

让我谈谈我们如何建立

这个新的运动，以及它应该是什么样子。

and what it must look like.

First, we need a recognition

首先，我们需要认识到气候变化

that the climate movement is not only about protecting the planet.

不仅仅是为了保护地球。

It is primarily about caring for the people who live on the planet.

它主要是为了关心

生活在地球上的人们。

Globally as well as nationally,

无论是在全球还是在国内，

we need to recognize structural imbalances and inequalities.

我们都需要认识到 结构性失衡和不平等。

A radical green recovery plan should provide jobs to the people

一个激进的绿色恢复计划 应该为那些几个世纪以来

who've been disenfranchised for centuries,

受到权利剥夺的人提供

new jobs planting trees, insulating buildings

种植树木、隔热建筑

和开发绿色技术的新工作。

and working on green technologies.

We cannot tackle the climate crisis without addressing racial inequalities.

不解决种族不平等问题，

我们就无法应对气候危机。

And we cannot solve racial inequalities without fixing the economic system.

如果不改革经济体系，

我们就无法解决种族不平等问题。

The new deal the economy needs is not only green,

经济需要的新政不仅是绿色的，

it's green and Black.

而是绿色和黑色的。

Second, we need more Black leaders.

第二，我们需要更多的黑人领袖。

It cannot be right in 2020

在 2020 年， 几乎所有我们熟知的

that almost all the leading climate change activists we recognize are white.

主要气候变化活动家都是白人，

而这是不对的。

At Davos this year,

在今年的达沃斯论坛，

five young female members of the Fridays for Future movement

五名 “星期五为未来” 运动的 年轻女性成员聚集在一起，

came together to give a press conference at the World Economic Forum.

在世界经济论坛上举行新闻发布会。

This is a picture the Associated Press put out.

这是美联社发布的一张照片，

Here is the original image.

而这张是原图。

As the Ugandan activist, Vanessa Nakate, herself put it afterwards,

正如乌干达活动家 凡妮莎·纳卡特（Vanessa Nakate）

后来自己所说的，

"You didn't just erase a photo, you erased a continent."

“你不仅抹去了一张照片， 你还抹去了一个大陆。”

We need to look at who is being cropped out

我们也需要看看谁从

of leadership positions in environmental organizations too.

环境组织中的领导职位被裁掉了。

People of color makeup around 40 percent of the United States population.

有色人群约占美国人口的 40% 。

So why is it a University of Michigan study

那么，为什么密歇根大学的 一项研究发现，

found that the percentage of minorities in leadership positions

美国环境组织中

担任领导职务的少数人种

in US environmental organizations is less than 12 percent?

比例不到 12% ？

Global organizations should consider

全球性组织应考虑

moving their headquarters to the global south

将其总部迁至受气候紧急情况影响

and urban areas that are most affected by the climate emergency.

最大的全球南部和城市地区。

There should be new scholarships and bursaries in environmental science

环境科学应该有新的奖学金和助学金

for people of color.

提供给有色人种。

Educate yourself.

让自己获得教育，

Join great movements that recognize the links between climate and race.

加入认识到气候和

种族之间联系的伟大运动。

To name a few,

比如，黑人环境网络 （Black Environment Network）

the Black Environment Network and Wretched of the Earth.

和悲惨地球（Wretched of the Earth）。

And finally,

最后，种族不公正和气候不公正

racial injustice and climate injustice are both rooted in the evil notion

都源于一种邪恶的观念，

that some lives are more important than others.

即有些生命比其他生命更重要。

If you march to say Black Lives Matter in Minneapolis, London or Sydney,

如果你在明尼阿波利斯、

伦敦或悉尼的游行中说， 黑人的命也是命，

please also march for the Black lives on the Caribbean island of Haiti

也请为加勒比海，

海地岛的黑人生命游行，

as its children are displaced by storms.

因为那里的儿童因风暴而流离失所。

Please also march for the Black lives being lost in Darfur,

也请为达尔富尔 第一次气候变化冲突中

the first climate change conflict.

丧生的黑人游行。

And please also march for the Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest,

也请为亚马逊雨林的土著人民游行，

as Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro weakens its protections.

因为巴西总统贾尔·博尔索纳罗 （Jair Bolsonaro）

放松了对他们的保护。

If we are serious about protecting Black lives in the Global South

如果我们认真保护 全球南部和北部的黑人生命，

as well as the north,

we need to strengthen international laws.

我们就需要加强国际法。

We need a way to apply international criminal laws,

我们需要一种方法，将战争罪

like war crimes or crimes against humanity, to the planet.

或反人类罪等国际刑法适用于全球。

We need a new international law of ecocide

我们需要一部新的国际生态灭绝法

to criminalize the willful and widespread destruction of the environment,

来将蓄意和大规模 破坏环境的行为定为犯罪，

a law that criminalizes the most severe crimes against nature itself,

一部将最严重的危害自然罪

定为犯罪的法律，

even for acts don't involve direct human suffering.

即使这些行为不影响人类。

Economics, race and class

经济、种族和阶级

are at the center of today's political struggles.

是当今政治斗争的中心。

The Black Lives Matter movement needs to wake up to climate injustices

“黑人的命也是命” 运动

需要意识到气候的不公正，

just as the climate movement

正如气候运动必须

must make every effort to include the reality of people of color.

尽一切努力实现 将有色人种包括在内。

Young Black boys growing up in single-parent households in Tottenham

在托特纳姆单亲家庭 长大的年轻黑人男孩。

won't have the opportunities I had

在一个被气候混乱蹂躏的世界里，

in a world ravaged by climate chaos.

将不会再拥有我一样的机会。

My distant cousins and relatives growing up in Guyana

我在圭亚那长大的远房表亲和亲戚，

won't have a future if their homes are drowning under water.

如果他们的家 被淹没在水下，就不会有未来。

Now is the time for Black and climate movements

现在是时候让黑人和气候运动走到一起，

to come together unequivocally and say, "We can't breathe."

坚定地说，“我们不能呼吸”。

Thank you very much.

谢谢大家。