Climate justice can't happen without racial justice | David Lammy

Transcriber: TED Translators Admin Reviewer: Rhonda Jacobs

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Amanda Zhu

I've got to start by admitting that in many ways

一開始，我要承認，在許多層面上，

me giving a talk about how climate action can help Black communities is surprising.

由我來講如何以氣候行動

來協助黑人族群，蠻讓人驚訝的。

I grew up poor and Black with a single mother in Tottenham,

我是在托特納姆出生的黑人， 家庭貧窮且只有單親媽媽，

one of the most deprived areas in London,

那裡是 70、80 年代 倫敦最貧困的地區之一。

in the 1970s and '80s.

Climate change was the last thing on my mind.

我從來不會想到氣候變遷。

And representing Tottenham as its member of Parliament for the past 20 years,

在過去二十年間，我以國會議員 身分代表托特納姆時，

my focus has been on trying to reduce the deprivation I grew up around.

我的焦點一直都是在減輕 我家鄉地區物質匱乏的情況。

In the past, the climate crisis never featured at the forefront of my politics

過去，我的政見 從來沒有主打氣候危機，

because it was never one of the most immediate challenges

因為它從來不是我的選民 最迫切的問題，

my constituents were facing,

or at least it didn't feel like it.

至少感覺不是。

Rising sea levels feel unimportant when your bank balance is falling.

當你的銀行存款越來越少時， 海平面上升並不顯得重要。

Global warming is not your concern when you can't pay the heating bills.

沒錢支付暖氣帳單時， 你也不會關心全球暖化。

And you're not thinking about pollution when you're being stopped by the police.

當你被警察盤查時， 想的不是污染問題。

And so perhaps this is why

也許，這就是為什麼

as the Black Lives Matter movement roared across the world,

當「黑命貴」運動在全世界發酵時，

there's been so little mention of saving Black lives

都沒什麼人提到 要從迫切的氣候危機中

from the climate emergency.

拯救黑人的性命。

For too long, those of us who cared about racial justice

長久以來，我們這些 關心種族正義的人，

treated environmental justice as though it was elitist.

一直都把環境正義視為 菁英主義者專屬的議題。

And at the same time,

同時，

the leaders who did focus on climate change

強調氣候變遷的領導人

were usually white

通常都是白人，

and rarely bothered to enlist the support of Black voices in their work.

且他們很少會花心力 去爭取黑人的聲音

來支持他們所做的事。

Even progressive allies sometimes took our votes for granted

就連改革派的盟友有時也把 我們的選票視為理所當然，

and assumed that our community didn't care or wouldn't understand.

並假設黑人族群 不會在乎或不會了解。

The truth is the opposite is true.

事實卻恰恰相反。

Black people breathe in the most toxic air relative to the general population.

跟一般民眾相比， 黑人呼吸最多有毒的空氣。

We are more likely to suffer from respiratory diseases like asthma.

我們最有可能患呼吸道疾病，如氣喘。

And it is people of color

最有可能受到氣候危機之苦的人，

who are more likely to suffer in the climate crisis.

是有色人種。

This is no coincidence.

這不是巧合。

The cheapest housing tends to be next to the busiest roads,

最便宜的住宅通常 都位在最喧囂的路旁，

and many of the lowest paid jobs are in the most polluting industries.

最低薪的工作通常都是在 污染最嚴重的產業。

People of color consistently lie at the bottom of the housing,

住宅、教育、就業階梯的底層

一直都是有色人種。

educational and employment ladders.

This story connects Black communities across the world,

這個情況讓全世界的 黑人族群連結在一起，

from London to Lagos to LA.

從倫敦，到拉哥斯，到洛杉磯。

Black Americans are exposed to 56 percent more pollution

美國黑人所接觸到的污染，

比他們自己製造的污染多出 56%。

than they cause.

White Americans breathe 17 percent less air pollution

美國白人吸入的污染空氣

比他們所製造的少 17%。

than they produce.

It gives a whole new meaning to the Black Lives Matter slogan

這讓「黑命貴」的標語有了新的意義：

"I can't breathe."

「我無法呼吸。」

We all rightly know the name of George Floyd,

我們都知道喬治佛洛依德這個名字，

who was murdered by the police.

他被警察謀殺。

But we should also know the name of Ella Kissi-Debrah.

但我們也都應該要知道 艾拉·基希－戴柏拉這個名字。

Ella, a nine-year-old mixed-race girl from South East London,

艾拉是九歲的混種女孩， 住在倫敦的東南區，

was killed by a fatal asthma attack.

她因為致命的氣喘發作而過世。

Evidence suggests this was caused

證據指出，發作的部分原因

partly by the unlawful levels of air pollution near her home.

是她家附近的空氣污染超過合法限度。

And it's not only urban areas

氣候變遷對於黑人的生命 造成不成比例的威脅，

where Black lives are disproportionately under threat from climate change.

這個現象不只發生在都市地區。

My parents' home country of Guyana

我父母的家鄉蓋亞那

is one of the most vulnerable countries on Earth

是世界上最容易被氣候變遷

to the effects of climate change.

衝擊的國家之一。

So far, Guyana has contributed relatively little

到目前為止，氣候危機的肇因中， 蓋亞那佔的比例很小。

to the climate emergency,

but it's one of the countries facing the most serious threats from it.

但它卻是受氣候變遷影響 最嚴重的國家之一。

While the annual carbon dioxide emissions per head in the United States

美國的每人每年二氧化碳排放量

is a staggering 16.5 metric tons,

高達 16.5 公噸，

in Guyana it's just 2.6.

在蓋亞那只有 2.6 公噸，

It is a pattern repeated across the globe.

這個模式在全球各地不斷重現。

Those countries that have contributed least to the climate breakdown,

造成氣候瓦解責任最小的國家，

mainly in the global south,

主要是開發中的南營國家，

will suffer the most from floods, droughts, and rising temperatures.

卻遭受最多洪水、乾旱、 氣溫上升之苦。

This is a pattern of suffering with a long history.

這個苦難模式有很長的歷史。

The exploitation of our planet's natural resources

對地球天然資源的濫用

has always been tied to the exploitation of people of color.

一直都和剝削有色人種息息相關。

The logic of colonization

殖民的邏輯

was to extract valuable resources from our planet through force,

就是透過武力取得地球的珍貴資源，

paying no attention to its secondary effects.

並忽略這個做法的二次效應。

The climate crisis is in a way colonialism's natural conclusion.

在某種層面上，氣候危機

就是殖民主義的自然結果。

The solution is to build a new coalition

解決方案是要由 受到氣候危機影響最大的族群

made up of all the groups most affected by this emergency:

組成新聯盟，

Black people in American cities

美國城市中的黑人

who are already protesting that they cannot breathe;

已經在抗議他們無法呼吸了；

people of color in Guyana watching sea levels rise

蓋亞那的有色人種

眼看著海平面上升到 很多房子都無法居住的程度；

to the point where many of their homes become uninhabitable;

young people in places like Tottenham, London,

托特納姆、倫敦等地的年輕人

afraid of the world that they will grow old in;

懼怕自己終老時將面臨的世界；

and progressive allies from all nations,

以及各國的改革派盟友，

of all races, religions, creeds and ages on their side,

不論種族、宗教、信念、年齡，

all demanding recognition

都要求要承認

that climate justice is linked to racial justice, social justice

氣候正義和種族正義、社會正義，

以及世代正義都有關聯。

and intergenerational justice too.

And let me say something about how we build this new movement

讓我來談談我們應該 如何展開這項新運動，

and what it must look like.

及它應該是什麼樣子。

First, we need a recognition

首先，我們需要認知

that the climate movement is not only about protecting the planet.

氣候運動的重點不只是要保護地球。

It is primarily about caring for the people who live on the planet.

主要的目的

是要照顧居住在地球上的人。

Globally as well as nationally,

在全球及國家層面上，

we need to recognize structural imbalances and inequalities.

我們都得要找到 結構的不平衡及不平等。

A radical green recovery plan should provide jobs to the people

積極的綠色恢復計畫 應該要將工作機會

who've been disenfranchised for centuries,

提供給數個世紀以來 被剝奪公民權的人，

new jobs planting trees, insulating buildings

新工作包括植樹、建築保溫工程，

and working on green technologies.

以及開發綠色科技。

We cannot tackle the climate crisis without addressing racial inequalities.

若不解決種族不平等， 就無法處理氣候危機。

And we cannot solve racial inequalities without fixing the economic system.

若不修正經濟體制， 就無法解決種族不平等。

The new deal the economy needs is not only green,

經濟所需要的新政策不只是綠色的，

it's green and Black.

是綠色和黑色的。

Second, we need more Black leaders.

第二、我們需要更多黑人領袖。

It cannot be right in 2020

都 2020 年了，我們認可的 氣候變遷活動領袖卻都是白人，

that almost all the leading climate change activists we recognize are white.

這是不對的。

At Davos this year,

今年，在達佛斯，

five young female members of the Fridays for Future movement

五位「氣候大罷課」運動的年輕女成員

came together to give a press conference at the World Economic Forum.

一起在世界經濟論壇 舉辦了一場記者會。

This is a picture the Associated Press put out.

這是美聯社刊出來的照片。

Here is the original image.

這是原始的影像。

As the Ugandan activist, Vanessa Nakate, herself put it afterwards,

後來烏干達活動家 凡妮莎·納卡特自己這麼說：

"You didn't just erase a photo, you erased a continent."

「你們不只抹除了一張照片，

你們抹除了整個非洲。」

We need to look at who is being cropped out

我們也需要注意 環境組織的領導位置上

of leadership positions in environmental organizations too.

有那些人被抹除了。

People of color makeup around 40 percent of the United States population.

美國人口中有約四成是有色人種。

So why is it a University of Michigan study

那麼，為什麼密西根大學的一項研究

found that the percentage of minorities in leadership positions

會發現在美國環境組織領導位置上，

in US environmental organizations is less than 12 percent?

少數族群的比例不到 12%？

Global organizations should consider

全球性組織應該要考慮 將它們的總部搬到南營

moving their headquarters to the global south

and urban areas that are most affected by the climate emergency.

以及受到迫切氣候危機影響 最嚴重的都市地區。

There should be new scholarships and bursaries in environmental science

應該提供新的的獎學金和公費，

讓有色人種能就讀環境科學系所。

for people of color.

Educate yourself.

自我教育，

Join great movements that recognize the links between climate and race.

加入那些承認氣候和種族 有所關聯的重大運動。

To name a few,

舉幾個例子：「黑色環境網路」 和「地球上的可憐人」。

the Black Environment Network and Wretched of the Earth.

And finally,

最後，種族不公和氣候不公的根源

racial injustice and climate injustice are both rooted in the evil notion

都在一個邪惡的想法中：

that some lives are more important than others.

有些生命比其他生命更重要。

If you march to say Black Lives Matter in Minneapolis, London or Sydney,

如果你曾在明尼亞波里斯、倫敦， 或雪黎為黑命貴走上街頭，

please also march for the Black lives on the Caribbean island of Haiti

請也為海地加勒比島嶼上的 黑人生命走上街頭，

as its children are displaced by storms.

那裡的孩子因為暴風雨 而被迫離開家園。

Please also march for the Black lives being lost in Darfur,

也請為達佛送命的黑人走上街頭，

the first climate change conflict.

最早的氣候變遷衝突發生在那裡。

And please also march for the Indigenous people of the Amazon rainforest,

也請為亞馬遜雨林的原住民走上街頭，

as Brazilian president Jair Bolsonaro weakens its protections.

因為巴西總統雅伊爾·波索納洛 削弱了對雨林的保護。

If we are serious about protecting Black lives in the Global South

如果我們認真想要保護

南營以及北營的黑人生命，

as well as the north,

we need to strengthen international laws.

我們就必須要強化國際法律。

We need a way to apply international criminal laws,

我們需要設法在全球施行國際刑法，

like war crimes or crimes against humanity, to the planet.

以懲治戰爭犯罪或違反人道罪。

We need a new international law of ecocide

我們需要制定與生態滅絕 有關的國際法律，

to criminalize the willful and widespread destruction of the environment,

將肆無忌憚地大規模 破壞環境的行為定義為犯罪，

a law that criminalizes the most severe crimes against nature itself,

需要有法律將犯下 嚴重破壞大自然的行為定為犯罪，

even for acts don't involve direct human suffering.

即使不直接造成人類苦難。

Economics, race and class

經濟、種族和階級

are at the center of today's political struggles.

都是現今政治難題的中心議題。

The Black Lives Matter movement needs to wake up to climate injustices

黑命貴運動必須要意識到氣候不公，

just as the climate movement

同樣的，氣候運動

must make every effort to include the reality of people of color.

也必須要盡所有努力 將有色人種的現實納入考量。

Young Black boys growing up in single-parent households in Tottenham

在托特納姆的單親家庭中 長大的黑人男孩

won't have the opportunities I had

在氣候災難蹂躪的世界中， 不可能得到我所得到的機會。

in a world ravaged by climate chaos.

My distant cousins and relatives growing up in Guyana

至於我那些在蓋亞那長大的遠親，

won't have a future if their homes are drowning under water.

如果他們的家都淹沒在水中， 就談不上有什麼未來。

Now is the time for Black and climate movements

不能再等了，黑人運動和氣候運動

to come together unequivocally and say, "We can't breathe."

必須立刻聯手，

並且大聲說：「我們無法呼吸。」

Thank you very much.

非常謝謝。