You may be accidentally investing in cigarette companies | Bronwyn King

Translator: Brian Bosire Reviewer: Nelson Simfukwe

In 2001, I was a brand new, shiny doctor, planning to save the world.

Mwaka 2001, nilikuwa daktari mpya aliyenuia kukomboa ulimwengu.

My first job was working for three months on a lung cancer unit.

Kazi yangu ya kwanza ilikuwa kufanya kazi katika kitengo cha saratani ya mapafu kwa miezi mitatu.

Nearly all of my patients were smokers or ex-smokers,

and most of them had started smoking when they were children

or in their early teens.

au katika miaka yao ya mapema ya ujana.

And despite living in a beautiful, wealthy country,

. Licha yakuishi katika nchi yenye mazingira ya kupendeza na utajiri,

with access to the most sophisticated medicines,

nearly every single one of my patients died.

karibu kila mmoja wa wagonjwa wangu alifariki.

Everyone knows tobacco is bad,

Kila mtu anafahamu kuwa tumbaku ni mbaya,

but when you see the impact firsthand, day-by-day,

lakini ukijionea maafa yake mara ya kwanza, siku hadi siku,

it leaves a very deep impression.

inakuacha na mtazamo yakinifu.

Ten years later, I'm a radiation oncologist,

Miaka kumi baadaye, mimi ni mtaalam wa mionzi,

fully aware of the suffering caused by tobacco.

mwenye ufahamu timilifi kuhusu maafa ya tumbaku.

I'm sitting at the hospital cafeteria, having my first ever meeting

Nimeketi kwenye mkahawa wa hospitali, kwenye mkutano wangu wa kwanza

with a representative from my superannuation fund.

na mwakilishi kutoka kwa uwekezaji wangu wa kustaafu.

It was thrilling, I'm sure you can imagine.

Ulikuwa wa kusisimua. Nina imani mnaweza kuufikiria.

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

He tells me I'm in the default option.

Akanieleza ya kuwa nimeainishwa katika chaguo la msingi.

And I said, "Option? Does that mean there are other options?"

He looked at me, rolled his eyes, and said,

"Well, there is this one greenie option

"Kuna chaguo la kufana

for people who have a problem with investing in mining, alcohol or tobacco."

kwa watu ambao wanashida na uwekezaji katika uchimbaji, pombe au tumbaku."

I said, "Did you just say tobacco?"

He said, "Yes."

Akasema, "Ndio."

I said, "So, are you telling me I'm currently investing in tobacco?"

Nikasema, "Unaniambia, nimewekeza kwa tumbaku?"

And he said, "Oh, yes, everyone is."

Akasema, "Ndio, na kila mtu pia."

When you invest in a company, you own part of that company.

Unapowekeza katika kampuni, unamiliki sehemu ya hiyo kampuni.

You want that company to grow and succeed and thrive.

Unataka hiyo kampuni ikuwe na ifane.

You want that company to attract new customers,

Unataka hiyo kampuni ivutie wateja wapya,

you want that company to sell more of its products.

unataka hiyo kampuni iuze bidhaa zake zaidi.

And when it comes to tobacco,

Na ikija kwa tumbaku,

I couldn't think of anything that I wanted less.

singefikiria mbadala na hayo.

Now, I know you can only see one person standing here

Sasa hivi najua munaweza kuona mtu mmoja amesimama hapa,

on this big red dot, on this enormous stage.

kwa alama hii kubwa nyekundu katika jukwaa hii kubwa.

But instead, I would like you to imagine

Lakini badala yake, ningependa ufikirie

that you're looking at seven million people

ya kuwa unuatazama watu milioni saba

crammed up here beside me today.

waliojaa hapa kando yangu leo.

Seven million people across the world have died as a result of tobacco

Watu milioni saba wameiaga dunia kutokana na maafa ya tumbaku

in the past year alone.

mwaka uliopita pekee.

Just imagine, if a brand new industry were launched today,

Hebu fikiria kama sekta mpya ingalizinduliwa leo,

and by the end of next June,

na mwisho wa mwezi Juni,

that industry's products had killed seven million people.

bidhaa zake ziuziwe watu milioni saba.

Would any of us invest in that new, deadly industry?

Tobacco is one of the most pressing global issues of our time,

and most of us are far more complicit in the problem than we may realize.

So, the super fund representative explained to me

that tobacco companies would be found

ya kuwa kampuni za tumbaku zitapatikana

in the international shares portion of my portfolio.

katika hisa zangu za kimataifa.

So I asked him, "Well, which international shares do I have?"

Hivyo nikamuuliza, "Ni hisa zipi za kimataifa ninazo?"

He got back to me two weeks later with this list:

Alinijibu wiki mbili baadaye na orodha hii:

my number one holding in international shares

nambari moja kwa hisa za kimataifa

was British American Tobacco.

ilikuwa ni British American Tobacco.

Number two, Imperial Tobacco.

Nambari mbili, Imperial Tobacco.

Number four, Philip Morris.

Nambari nne, Philip Morris.

And number five, the Swedish Match company.

Na nambari tano, Swedish Match Company.

Four of the top five companies were tobacco companies,

Nne ya kampuni tano zilikuwa ni kampuni za tumbaku,

my investments, an oncologist.

uwekezaji wangu kama oncologist

And then I realized it wasn't just me.

Na nikagundua kuwa si mimi pekee.

It was all members of my super fund.

Ilikuwa ni kila mwanachama wa huo mfuko.

And then I realized it wasn't just my super fund, it was all of them.

Na hapo nikagundua kuwa si malipo yangu

And then I realized, it wasn't just superannuation funds,

ya uzeeni pekee, ni zote. Na nikagundua kuwa

it was banks, insurers and fund managers.

si uwekezaji wa malipo ya uzeeni, ni mabenki, bima

And then I realized it wasn't just Australia.

na mifuko. Na nikagundua kuwa

It was the entire global finance sector,

si Australia pekee bali ni ulimwengu mzima wa sekta ya fedha,

completely tangled up with the tobacco industry.

zinazohusishwa na sekta ya tumbaku.

The industry that makes products that kill seven million people every year.

Sekta inayotengeneza bidhaa inayoua watu milioni saba

So I started discussing the issue with my superannuation fund,

kila mwaka. Hivyo nikaanza kuzungumza kuhusu swala hili na uwekezaji

and I've been discussing it ever since.

wa pesa zangu za uzeeni, na nimekuwa namuzungumzo nao tangu hapo.

Finance leaders have many challenging issues to deal with, these days.

Viongozi wa fedha wanachangamoto

So I suggest they adopt a framework

zakukabiliana nazo siku hizi. Hivyo ninashauri wavumbua mfumo

that clearly articulates why it is reasonable

unaodhihirisha kwa uwazi kwanini

to take a strong position on tobacco.

ni muhimu kuchukua hatua dhidi ya tumbaku.

I suggest finance leaders ask a suite of three questions

Ninashauri viongozi wa fedha waulize mfumo wa

of any company in which they might invest our money.

maswali matatu wa kampuni yoyote watakoekeza fedha zetu.

Question one:

Swali moja:

Can the product made by the company be used safely?

Bidhaa inayotengezwa na kampuni

"No" is the answer for tobacco companies.

yaweza kutumika salama? "La" ndilo jibu kwa makampuni ya tumbaku.

Zero is the only safe number of cigarettes for a human being.

Sufuri ndiyo tarakimu salama ya idadi za sigara kwa binadamu.

It could not be more black and white.

Haiwezi elezwa zaidi kwa uwazi.

Question two:

Swali la pili:

Is the problem caused by the company so significant on a global level

Hilo tatizo linalosababishwa

that it is subject to a UN treaty or convention?

na kampuni, linamaafa ulimwenguni, hadi ikawa swala la mkataba wa UN?

"Yes" is the answer for tobacco.

"Ndio" ndilo jibu kwa tumbaku.

Indeed there is a UN tobacco treaty

Kwa kweli kuna mkata ba UN wa tumbaku

that has been ratified by 180 countries.

ambao umethibitishw na nchi 180.

The treaty was created

Mkataba uliundwa

because of the catastrophic global impact of tobacco.

kwa sababu ya janga

The current forecast is that the world is on track

la maafa ya tumbaku. Utabili wa sasa ni kuwa

for one billion tobacco-related deaths this century.

ulimwengu unaelekea, idadi ya bilioni moja ya

One billion deaths.

vifo husika na tumbaku karne hii. Vifo bilioni moja.

There's only seven billion of us.

Tuko watu bilioni saba.

Question three relates to the concept of engagement.

Swali la tatu ni dhana ya usimamizi.

Many financial organizations genuinely want to be good corporate citizens.

Mashirika mengi ya kifedha yana nia ya kikweli kuwa raia wa ushirika.

They want to use their shareholder power

Wanataka kutumia nguvu zao za mbia

to sit down with companies, engage with them,

kuketi na makampuni, na kuwashirikisha,

and encourage them to do better things.

na kuwahimiza kufanya mambo bora.

So the question is:

Kwa hivyo swali ni:

Can engagement with the company be an effective lever for change?

Ushirikiano na makumpini haya

"No" is the answer for tobacco companies.

mwafaka wa mabadilisho? "La" ndilo jibu kwa kampuni za tumbaku.

Engagement with the tobacco industry is futile.

Ushirikiano na sekta ya tumbaku ni bure.

The only acceptable outcome would be

Matokeo ambayo yatakubalika ni

if tobacco companies ceased their primary business.

kama kampuni za tumbaku zitasitisha

In fact, engagement with the tobacco industry

biashara yao. Kwa kweli, ushirikiano na sekta ya tumbaku

has never led to less human death.

haujawahi punguza idadi ya vifo.

When we consider that framework, three simple questions,

Tunapofikiria kuhusu mfumo huo, maswali matatu rahisi,

we can see that is reasonable and defensible

tunaweza ona kuwa hilo ni nzuri na inawezatekelzwa

to take a strong position and exclude investment in the tobacco industry.

kuchukua hatua dhabiti na kutenga uwekezaji katika sekta ya tumbaku.

In addition to the UN tobacco treaty,

Zaidi ya mkataba wa UN tumbaku.

there is, in fact, another global treaty that demands that we act on tobacco.

kunayo, kwa kweli, mkataba mwengine

In 2015, the UN adopted the Sustainable Development Goals.

wa ulimwengu unaoshurutisha tukabiliane na tumbaku. Mwaka wa 2015,

Now, we're talking about tobacco,

UN ilipitisha Malengo Endelevu. Sasa tunazungumzia tumbaku,

and I know you're going to jump straight to number three:

na najua utaenda moja kwa moja

good health and well-being.

hadi nambari tatu; afya bora na ustawi.

And indeed, ramping up tobacco control regulation

Na kwa hakika, kuboresha

is essential if we're going to achieve that goal.

udhibithi wa matumizi ya tumbaku, ni msingi kama

However, look a bit more deeply,

tunaelekea kutimiza malengo. Hata hivyo,

and you will find that 13 of the 17 goals cannot be achieved

tazama kwa kina zaida, na utapata 13 kati ya

unless there is a major shake-up of the tobacco industry.

17 hayawezi kutimilika hadi kuwe na mabadiliko

Personally, my favorite goal is number 17:

makubwa katika sekta ya tumbaku. Mimi binafsi, lengo ninalopendelea

partnerships for the goals.

zaidi ni nambari 17: ushirikiano kwa malengo.

At present, we have the entire global health sector doing everything it can

Leo, tunazo sekta za afya ulimwenguni

to help the tidal wave of patients suffering as a result of tobacco.

zinazofanya kadri ya uwezo wao kusaidia wagonjwa wanaoteseka

But that said, in the past year alone, seven million people have died,

kutokana na tumbaku. Licha ya hayo kusemwa,

so clearly, that is not enough.

mwaka ulipoita pekee, watu milioni saba wamefariki,

We also have governments aligned on tobacco, 180 of them,

hilo halitoshi. Pia kuna serikali

busily trying to implement the provisions of the UN tobacco treaty.

zinazojihusisha na tumbaku, 180 kati yaozilizo katika harakati

But that, too, is not enough.

ya kutekeleza mahitaji ya mkataba wa tumbaku wa UN.

If the global finance sector continues to lend money to tobacco companies,

Lakini hilo pia halitoshi. Ikiwa sekta fedha

to invest in tobacco companies,

ulimwenguni itaendelea kupeana fedha kwa kampuni za tumbaku,

and to strive to profit from tobacco companies,

kuwekeza katika tumbaku, na kutahidi kunufaika

we are working against each other.

kutoka kwao, tunafanya kazi dhidi ya kila mmoja.

Now, if we are going to disrupt

Sasa ikiwa tutaenda kuharibu

what doctors call "the global tobacco epidemic,"

kile madaktari wanaita

we need every sector of society to stand side by side

"janga la ulimwengu la tumbaku." tunahitaji kila sekta ya jamii

and be part of the solution.

kushirikiana na kuwa sehemu ya suluhisho.

So I call on finance leaders

Kwa hivyo nawaalika viongozi wa fedha

to implement a framework to deal with sensitive issues.

kutekeleza mfumo wakupambana na maswala nyeti.

And I call on them to uphold global conventions.

Na pia nawaalika mikataba ya ulimwengu.

But in addition, there are business risks.

Lakini kuongezea, kuna hatari za kibiashara.

Pure financial risks, associated with being invested in the tobacco industry

Hatari ya kifedha zinazohusika na uwekezaji katika

over the long term,

sekta ya tumbaku kwa muda mrefu,

and I ask finance leaders to consider them.

nawaomba viongozi wa fedha

The first risk is that fewer and fewer people will smoke,

wazitazame. Hatari ya kwanza ni kuwa watu wachache

as a result of increasing tobacco regulation.

watavuta sigara, kutokana na kuongezeka kwa taratibu za tumbaku.

When these warnings were put on cigarette packets in Canada,

Wakati onyo hizi ziliwekwa kwenye pakiti za sigara Canada,

[Tobacco can make you impotent]

[Tumbaku inaweza kufanya ukose kuzalisha]

the first response of smokers was to give them right back to the salespeople

jibu la kwanza la wavuta sigara

and say, "Could you please just give me the ones that say they'll kill me?"

ni kuzirudisha kwa wauzaji na kusema, "Tafadhali unaweza nipa zile zinzaosema zinaeza kuniua?"

(Laughter)

(Kicheko)

Regulation gets noticed, regulation reduces consumption,

Utaratibu unaonwa,

and we have 180 countries committed to more regulation.

utaratibu unapunguza matumizi, kuna nchi 180 ambazo zimajitolea

Let's talk about litigation and the risk that presents.

kwenye utaratibu huu. Tuzungumze kuhusu maswala ya sheria

At present, it's the business model of the tobacco industry

maafa yanyokabidhiwa. Kwa sasa, ni mfumo wa biashara

that is being challenged.

wa sekta ya tumbaku unaopingwa.

Currently, the tobacco industry externalizes all of the health costs

Kwa sasa, sekta ya tumbaku

associated with tobacco.

zinazohusika na tumbaku.

Governments pay, communities pay, you pay, I pay.

Serikali zinalipa, jamii zinalipa,

The tobacco industry externalizes all those costs,

unalipa, ninalipa. Sekta ya tumbaku

with an estimated one trillion US dollars per year.

kwa pesa takriban trilioni moja dola za Marekani.

Yet they internalize and privatize the profits.

Na bado wanabinafsisha faida.

In 2015, in Quebec province,

Mwaka 2015, jimbo la Quebec,

the courts determined that the tobacco industry

mahakama ilidhihirisa kuwa sekta ya tumbaku

was indeed responsible for those health costs,

ilikuwaimesababisha hayo maafa ya afya

and ordered them to pay 15 billion US dollars.

na ikaishurutisha kulipa dola bilioni 15 za Marekani.

That case is under appeal.

Hiyo kesi iko katika mahakama ya rufaa.

But it begs the question, why should any of us, in any country,

Lakini swali ni, mbona yeyote kati

be paying for the costs of the tobacco industry?

yetu wa nchi yoyote, alipe gharama ya sekta ya tumbaku?

Let's move on to supply chain and the risk there.

Tusonge kwa ugavi na maafa huko.

It is not well known

Haijulikani vyema

that the tobacco industry significantly relies on child labor.

ya kuwa sekta ya tumbaku inategemea

In March 2017, the International Labour Organization

ajira kwa watoto. Machi 2017, Shirika la Kazi Duniani

issued a report which stated:

lilitoa ripoti iliyosema:

"In tobacco-growing communities, child labor is rampant."

"Kwa jamii zinazokuwa tumbaku, ajira kwa watoto imeenea."

The US Department of Labor

Wizara ya Marekani ya Ajira,

currently lists 16 countries that use children to produce tobacco leaf.

kwa sasa imeorodhesha mataifa

Scrutiny of supply chains is intensifying,

watoto kukuza matawi ya tumbaku. Ukaguzi wa magavi unaimarishwa,

and that cannot continue to escape public attention.

na hilo linawdza endelea kuepuka uma.

Finally, there is also reputation risk to consider

Mwisho, kuna hatari ya sifa inayotazamiwa

for individuals and organizations that continue to maintain an affiliation

kwa watu binafsi na mashirika yanayoendelea kuwa na huo uhusiano

with the tobacco industry.

na sekta ya tumbaku.

In countless surveys,

Kwa kura ya maoni kadhaa,

the tobacco industry ranks as the world's least reputable industry.

sekta ya tumbaku inaorodheshwa

Let's just look at the impact on children.

kama sekta yenye sifa dhaidu. Tutazema maafa yake kwa watoto.

Globally, every single day,

Ulimwenguni, kila siku,

it is estimated that 100,000 children start smoking.

inatathminiwa kuwa watoto 100,000 walianza kuvuta sigara.

That's enough children to fit inside the Melbourne Cricket Ground.

Hiyo ni idadi tosha ya watoto kujaza Melbourne Cricket Ground.

And most of those children are from the poorest communities on earth.

Na baadhi ya hao watoto ni wakazi wa mataifa maskini duniani.

Here in Australia, the average age that people start smoking

Hapa Australia, miaka ya wastani watu huanza kuvuta sigara

is 16 years and two months.

ni miaka 16 hadi miezi miwili.

They look pretty young to me, but the worst thing here

Kwangu ni wachanga zaidi, na jambo mbaya zaidi hapa ni

is that while we don't have data from every country on earth,

ingali hatuna tarakimu kutoka kwa kila nchi duniani,

we believe that is the oldest age.

tunaamini kuwa huo ndio umri mkubwa.

Everywhere else is younger.

Kila mahali ni umri mdogo.

Now for the good news.

Sasa kwa habari njema.

Things are changing.

Mambo yanabadilika.

The finance sector is coming to the party.

Sekta ya fedha inahusishwa.

After around 2,000 meetings with finance leaders,

Baada ya mikutano takriban 2,000 na viongozi wa fedha,

primarily in the cafés of Melbourne and Sydney

haswaa katika mikahawa ya Melbourne na Sydney

and London and Paris and New York and all across the globe,

na London na Paris na New York na kote ulimwenguni,

momentum, moving away from investment in the tobacco industry,

kasi, kutoka katika uwekezaji katika sekta ya tumbaku,

is starting to snowball.

inaanza kutambulika.

Finance leaders are alarmed when they're presented with the facts,

Viongozi wa fedha hushtuka

and overwhelmingly, they want to be part of the solution.

wakikabidhiwa na ukweli wa mambo, na kwa wingi, wanataka kuwa

Here, in Australia, we now have

sehemu ya suluhisho. Hapa Australia, sasa tuna

10,636,101 superannuation accounts

10,636,101 akauti za mifuko ya ziada

that are tobacco-free.

ambazo hazihusiki na tumbaku.

That one is mine, by the way.

Hiyo ni yangu.

(Applause)

(Makofi)

There is still a lot of work to be done,

Bado kuna kazi mingi ya kufanywa,

but I've watched the conversation go from "Should we go tobacco-free?"

lakini nimetazama mazungumzo yakitoka

to "Why haven't we done it yet?"

"Tuelekee bila kuhusika na tumbaku?" hadi "Mbona hatijafanya hilo bado?"

In the past year alone,

Mwaka uliopita pekee,

major tobacco-free moves have been made by leading financial organizations

hatua za kutohusika na

in eight different countries.

tumbaku zimefanywa na mashirika ya kifedha makuu kwa nchi nane tofauti

In Australia, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Sweden,

Australia, New Zealand, Uholanzi, Uswidi

Denmark, France, Ireland and the USA.

Denmark, Ufaransa, Ireland na Marekani.

By sovereign wealth funds, fund managers, pension funds,

Meneja wa fedha za utawala huru, mfuko wa pensheni,

banks, insurers and reinsurers.

mabenki na bima.

Since tobacco-free portfolios began,

Tangu uwekezaji usiohitaji tumbaku uanze,

more than six billion dollars has been redirected

zaidi ya dola bilioni sita

away from investment in the tobacco industry.

zimeekezwa kwingineko kutoka kwa uwekezaji katika

The case study is well and truly proven.

sekta ya tumbaku. Utafiti huu umeithibithishwa.

When making the tobacco-free announcement in March this year,

Akitoa tangazo Machi mwaka huu

the CEO of AMP Capital said,

Mkurugenzi Mtendaji wa AMP Capital alisema,

"We are not prepared to deliver investment returns

"Hatuko tayari kurudisha uwekezaji

at any cost to society."

kwa gharama yoyote kwa jamii."

And that is the question we need to ask ourselves.

Na hilo ndilo swali tunapaswa kujiuliza.

Is there no baseline standard below which we will not sink

Je, hamna kiwango cha msingi tunaweza kitiri

to make profit?

kutengeneza faida?

Along the way, I've had a lot of help and incredible support.

Katika safari hiyo,

Now, if you're trying to do something,

nimepata usaidizi na ushirikisho mkubwa. Sasa kama tunajaribu

I highly recommend that you have a princess on your team.

unajaribu kufanya kitu, ningekushauri

Her Royal Highness, Princess Dina Mired,

uwe na malkia katika timu yako. Mkuu wa kifalme,

is the global ambassador for this work.

Malkia Dina Mired, ndiye balozi wa kimataifa

We also have a lord, a knight, a former premier,

wa kazi hii. Pia tunaye bwana, knight,

a former federal minister and a stack of CEOs.

waziri mkuu wa zamani, waziri wa shirikisho wa zamani,

But the capacity to change things

na baadhi ya mameneja wa utendaji. Lakini uwezo wa kubadilisha

does not rest exclusively with these highly influential people.

mambo haubaki tu kwa watu wenye ushawishi.

The power to do that is with all of us.

Uwezo huo uko nasi sote.

Everyone here can be part of the solution.

Kila mmoja hapa anaweza kuwa sehemu ya utatuzisuluhisho.

In fact, everyone here must be part of the solution.

Kila mmoja hapa anapaswa kuwa sehemu ya suluhisho.

Most people in this room own companies

Baadhi ya watu kwenye chumba hichi wanamiliki makampuni

via their superannuation funds, their banks and their insurers.

kupitia mfuko wao wa malipo, benki zao na wanaowatolea huduma za bima

And it is time for us to ask them:

Na ni wakati wetu kuwauliza:

Are they investing our money in companies that make products

Wanaekeza hela zetu kwa makumpini yanayotengeneza bidhaa

that kill seven million people every year?

zitakazowaua watu milioni saba kila mwaka?

It's your money.

Ni hela zako.

It's my money, it's our money.

Ni hela zako,

And that is a very reasonable question.

ni hela zetu. Na hilo ni swali

Pretty cramped up here,

nzuri sana. Nafasi hapa yapunguzwa,

with seven million people beside me today.

na watu milioni saba kando yangu.

But if we don't act now, and act together,

Tusipochukua hatu sasa, na tuchukue hatua pamoja,

we'll need to make way for one billion people

itatulazimu tutengeneze nafasi ya watu bilioni moja

before the end of this century.

kabla ya mwisho wa karne hii.

And this is a very big stage.

Na hili ni jukwaa kubwa.

But there is no more room.

Lakini hakuna nafasi ya ziada.

Thank you.

Asanteni.

(Applause)

(Makofi)