Mike O'Sullivan: The end of globalization (and the beginning of something new) | TED

772,188 views ใƒป 2021-01-12

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Yerim Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์ข…๋ง์— ์„œ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹น์—ฐ์‹œํ•ด์™”๋Š”๋ฐ
์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋ฉด, ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์›Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:12
We are at the end of globalization.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํŒŒ๋™์€ 90๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
00:16
We've taken globalization for granted,
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
and as it drifts into history, we're going to miss it.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋ช…์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
The second wave of globalization began in the early '90s,
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๋”์šฑ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์„ฑ์ธ 1์ธ๋‹น ๋ถ€๊ฐ€
00:25
and it delivered a great deal.
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00:27
Billions of people rose out of poverty.
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์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฌ์„ฏ ๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
More impressively, wealth per adult in countries like Vietnam and Bangladesh
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜๊ฐ€ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๊ณ 
๋ง๋ ˆ์ด์‹œ์•„, ์—์Šคํ† ๋‹ˆ์•„, ์น ๋ ˆ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด
00:36
increased by over six times in the last 20 years.
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์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ณ  ๊ณต์ •ํ•œ ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์น˜๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
The number of democracies rose,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„๋„ ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
and countries as diverse as Chile, Malaysia, Estonia,
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์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ ํ‰๋“ฑ์ด๋‚˜,
00:46
held free and fair elections.
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์‚ฌ์šฐ๋””์•„๋ผ๋น„์•„์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ฑ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:48
The role of women improved in many parts of the world,
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”, ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์‚ฌ์Šฌ์ด ๊ฑฐ๋ฏธ์ค„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ํผ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
if you look at wage equality in countries like Spain,
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00:55
or access to education in countries like Saudi Arabia.
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๋ถ€ํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ๊ตญ๊ฒฝ์„ ์ด๋ฆฌ์ €๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅธ ๋‹ค์Œ
์ž๋™์ฐจ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Economically, supply chains spread like webs around the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ƒํ™œ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋„ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:03
with car parts criss-crossing borders
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹์ƒํ™œ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ๊ณ 
01:06
before the final product came into place.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹, ๋‰ด์Šค์™€ ์˜ค๋ฝ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹,
01:09
And globalization has also changed the way we live now.
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์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํ˜„์žฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋Š” ์ข…๋ง์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
It's changed our diets.
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01:15
It's changed how we communicate, how we consume news and entertainment,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„์— ๋ถ€๋”ชํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
how we travel and how we work.
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๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ ์ธ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€,
01:21
But now, globalization is on its deathbed.
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์ผ๋ก€๋กœ, ์„ธ๊ณ„ GDP ๋Œ€๋น„ ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ๋น„์œจ์€
01:24
It's run into the limitations of its own success:
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์ด๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ์ „ ๋‚˜ํด๋ ˆ์˜น ์ „์Ÿ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ๋ณธ ์  ์—†๋Š” ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ก ์ค‘์ธ๋ฐ,
01:28
inequality and new, record levels of indebtedness --
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01:31
for example, world debt-to-GDP
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ์žฅ์ ๋“ค์ด
01:34
is now pushing levels not seen since the Napoleonic Wars 200 years ago --
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์—‰๋šฑํ•œ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๊ตญ์ œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๋Œ€์‘์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์˜€๊ณ ,
01:39
show us that the advantages of globalization
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์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€
01:43
have been misdirected.
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ํ˜„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
01:45
The Global Financial Crisis was the result of this mismanagement,
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์–ต์ œํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:49
and since then policymakers
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋‚˜ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ณ ๋„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃฌ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€,
01:52
have done little but contain,
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์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถˆ๊ท ๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์™„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:54
rather than solve,
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01:55
the problems of our age.
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์„ ๋ถ€๊ณผํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜, ๋ณต์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•ด์„œ
01:58
Now, some highly globalized countries such as Ireland and the Netherlands,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ํ˜œํƒ์„ ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํ•œ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
have managed to improve income inequality in their countries
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
by better distributing the bounties of globalization
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€,
02:09
through higher taxes and social welfare programs.
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๋ถ€์˜ ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชน์‹œ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
02:12
Other countries have not been as good.
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๋กœ๋งˆ ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
Russia and, especially, the United States,
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02:17
have extreme levels of wealth inequality,
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ด๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:21
more extreme even than during the time of the Roman Empire.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์ด ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
And this has convinced many people that globalization is against them,
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2020๋…„ ํ˜„์žฌ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์„ ๋งˆ์ฃผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
and that the bounties of globalization
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ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ์†ก๋‘๋ฆฌ์งธ ๋ฐ”๊ฟจ๊ณ 
02:32
have not been shared with the many.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๋œ ๊ตญ์ œ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ์•ฝ์ ์„ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋…ธ์ถœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
And now, in 2020,
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02:37
we're confronted by the pandemic,
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02:39
which has shaken the ground under us
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์ด์ „์˜ ๊ตญ์ œ ์œ„๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
02:41
and further exposed the frailties
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ , ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋ ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:45
of the globalized world order.
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๋Œ€๊ฐœ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์›ํšŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์น˜๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:47
In past international crises,
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02:50
most of them economic or geopolitical,
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์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ์ฃผ์š”๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณค์ฃ .
02:53
there has usually ultimately been a sense of a committee to save the world.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํŠน์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฌด์—ญ ์ „์Ÿ์˜ ์™€์ค‘์—
02:59
Leaders and leading nations would come together.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๋งˆ์Šคํฌ๋ฅผ ์‹น์“ธ์ดํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
But this time, uniquely,
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๋ฐฑ์‹  ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ๋นผ๋‚ด๊ฐ€๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:04
there has been no such collaboration.
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03:07
Against a backdrop of trade wars,
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๊ณต๊ณต์˜ ์ ์ธ ํŒฌ๋ฐ๋ฏน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
03:08
some countries like the US have outbid others for masks.
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๊ณต๋™ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
03:12
There's been hacking of vaccine programs,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ํ˜น์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ํšŒ๋ณต ์‚ฌ์—…์„
03:16
and a common enemy, the pandemic,
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์‹คํ–‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ํ—›์ˆ˜๊ณ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
has not been met with a common response.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์† ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๋์ž๋ฝ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
So any hope that we might have a world vaccine
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ๋ชฐ๋ฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
03:26
or a world recovery program is in vain.
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๋ฌด์—ญ์ด ํ™œ์„ฑํ™”๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:30
So now we're at the end of an era in history,
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๊ธˆ์œต, ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋“ค์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜€์ฃ .
03:34
an era that began with the fall of communism,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋„ ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ๋์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
that set in train the flow of trade,
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ํ™์ฝฉ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํƒ„์•• ๋“ฑ์—์„œ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
of finance, of people
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03:42
and of ideas,
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์ด์ œ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ด ๋‹ค์Œ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:44
and that now comes to an end
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03:46
with events like the shutting down of democracy in Hong Kong.
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๊ธ€์Ž„์š”, ๋ง‰์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ค‘์ธ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊ฐ€
์ง€๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ
03:52
The question now is, what's next?
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํŠน์ง•์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:55
Well, if the era we're leaving
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03:56
was characterized by a connected world
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š”
๊ฒฝ์Ÿ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹ค์ฒœ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
04:00
trying to shrink and come together
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04:03
on the basis of economic goals
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04:05
and geography,
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๋˜ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:06
the new world order
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04:08
will be defined by rival, distinct and different ways of doing things,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๋Š” ํ˜„์žฌ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ˜•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
โ€˜๋ฌด์งˆ์„œโ€™๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ •ํ™•ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง€์†๋˜์–ด ์™”์ฃ .
04:13
and ultimately collaboration based on values,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž˜ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
04:17
and this new world order
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04:18
is very much a work in progress.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–ผ์ŒํŒ์ด ์กฐ๊ฐ์กฐ๊ฐ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๋ฉด
04:21
"Disorder" might be a better word,
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์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋– ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ณ  ๋˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๋€๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:23
and it has been for some time.
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04:25
But think appropriately
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๋„ ์ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ด์„œ ํ•œ๋•Œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
of great sheets of ice breaking apart,
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04:30
some drifting away
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ ์‹œ์žฅ ์ ์œ ์œจ์ด 30%์˜€๋˜ ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
04:31
and others later reforming.
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04:34
And the internet is a bit like this.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ๊ฑฐ์˜ 0%์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:36
It used to be global.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ์ด
04:38
Google used to have 30 percent of the market share in China,
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์ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
and now it has close to zero percent.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ˜์‹ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ค‘์š”์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
And the big regions of the world
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04:48
increasingly look at the internet
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์„ ์ •์น˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
from a values-based point of view.
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04:54
America values tech innovation and its financial rewards.
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๋™์‹œ์— ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ „์ž ์ƒ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜๋Š” ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜์„œ
04:58
China takes a political view of the internet
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์™€๋Š” ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:02
and cordons it off,
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05:04
and at the same time China has this incredible e-commerce economy
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๋„ ๋นผ๋†“์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๊ด€๋ จ ๋…ผ์˜๋Š”
05:08
that no other country has come close to matching.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ์‚ฌ์ƒํ™œ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๋…ผ์˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด์ œ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ .
05:13
And then there's Europe,
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05:14
and in Europe a conversation about the internet
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€์ธ๋ฐ
๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:16
is effectively a conversation about data and privacy.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋…๋“ค์ด
05:21
So there you have it:
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„๋˜๋Š” ํ–‰๋™ ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž„์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
one common problem,
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05:24
and three increasingly different, competing views.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ํ˜‘๋ ฅ๊ณผ ํ˜‘์กฐ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์งˆ๊นŒ์š”?
05:28
This shows us that rival ideologies
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์ €๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
will drive very distinct ways of doing things.
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05:34
But what about collaboration and cooperation?
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ, ์•„์ด์Šฌ๋ž€๋“œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ช‡ ๋…„ ์ „, ์ด๋“ค์€ ์›ฐ๋น™ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •๋ถ€์— ์„œ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
Well, I'm going to start with the example of three small countries:
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์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์•ˆ๋…•์„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
Scotland, Iceland and New Zealand.
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05:45
And a couple of years ago,
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05:47
they signed up to the Wellbeing Economy Governments,
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์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ฏธ
05:51
whose aim is to foster ecological and human well-being
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์›ฐ๋น™ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ํŽธ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ์›ฐ๋น™ ์ฃผ๋„ ๊ด€๊ด‘์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
05:54
as well as economic growth.
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05:57
Practically speaking,
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์›ฐ๋น™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ‹€์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ฝ”๋กœ๋‚˜19์™€ ๋งž์„œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
these countries are already discussing things like well-being budgeting,
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์ด ์„ธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ง€๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
06:04
well-being-led tourism,
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06:05
and using the well-being framework in the fight against COVID.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ†ต๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํ† ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ญ‰์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
Now, these three countries are about as geographically distant
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ดํ•ด๋Š”
06:13
and diverse as you can get,
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์ •์ฑ…์—๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ GDP ์™ธ์— ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
06:15
but they've come together
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06:17
on the basis of a shared value,
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๋น„์Šทํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—๋Š”,
06:19
which is a common understanding
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž‘์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋„์‹œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค,
06:21
that there is more to government policy
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์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํด, ์Šค์œ„์Šค๋‚˜ ์œ ์—์ด์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
06:25
than merely GDP.
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๋” ํฐ ์ด์›ƒ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
Similarly, in the future,
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06:28
other small countries and city-states --
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06:31
Singapore, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates --
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ธˆ์œต์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋‘ ์ „๋žต์  ๊ณ„ํš ์ˆ˜๋ฆฝ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•˜์ฃ .
06:35
will find that they have more in common with each other
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ง€์ •ํ•™์  ๊ฐ•์†Œ๊ตญ์ด๊ธฐ์—
06:38
than with their larger neighbors.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋”์šฑ ๋งŽ์ด ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
They're all global financial centers.
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06:42
They all invest in strategic planning.
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์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ์œ„์น˜๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์šด๋ช…๊ณผ ๋™๋งน์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ
06:45
And they are all geopolitical micropowers
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๋” ํฐ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:48
and will collaborate more as a result.
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06:51
Another good example
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์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ˜„์ƒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
06:53
of how values, rather than geography,
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06:56
will increasingly shape destinies and alliances is Europe.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด ๋™์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ™•์žฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
During the period of globalization,
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2004๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ์—ด์„ธ ๊ฐœ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€
07:03
one of the key phenomena
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์œ ๋กœํ™”์˜ ์‹ค์กด์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ,
07:05
was the eastward expansion of the European Union.
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07:09
From 2004, it added 13 new members,
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ์••๋ฐ•,
๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ธŒ๋ ‰์‹œํŠธ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:13
despite the near existential crisis of the euro,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•œ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ,
07:17
constant pressure from Russia,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ ๋˜ํ•œ ์ž ๊น ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ  ์–ด๋””๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ธ์ง€,
07:19
and of course the trauma of Brexit.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋„๋Š” ์ค‘์ธ์ง€ ๋ฌผ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
And, like a company that has grown too fast,
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07:25
Europe needs to stop
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์ด๊ฑด ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:27
and think about where it's going
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ง€๋„์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์‹ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์ง€๋งŒ,
07:29
and ask whether its values can steer it in the right direction.
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๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
07:33
And this is beginning to happen,
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๋…์ผ์ธ์ด๋“ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์ธ์ด๋“ , ๋ผํŠธ๋น„์•„ ์ธ์ด๋“ , ์ŠคํŽ˜์ธ ์ธ์ด๋“ 
07:35
albeit slowly.
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07:37
European leaders talk a lot about European values,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต์œ ๋œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
07:39
but frankly most Europeans,
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
be they German, Greek, Latvian or Spaniards,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
07:47
really don't know or have a clear idea what those shared common values
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฌํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฌป๊ณ 
๊ทธ ๋‹ต์„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธฐ์šธ์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
are supposed to be.
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07:53
So European politicians need to do a very good job
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ”ผ๋ถ€์— ๋‹ฟ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ์š”.
07:56
of asking them how they feel about these common values
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์†Œ์…œ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
and then communicating the answers back to them
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ด ์ง€๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
08:03
in a clear and tangible way.
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08:05
And of course social media is a very important tool to deploy here.
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๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๋”์šฑ ์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘” ์—ฐํ•ฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ,
๊ทธ ๋ฒ”์œ„์™€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์€ ์ ์ 
08:10
And as Europe moves [towards] a union that's based more on values
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๋ธŒ๋คผ์…€๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ธด์žฅ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์˜๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
and less on geography,
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08:17
its contours
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ํ—๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ํด๋ž€๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
and those values themselves
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08:21
will increasingly be defined
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์ด๋“ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์กด์ค‘์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ•์น˜์ฃผ์˜ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์—
08:23
by the tension between Brussels
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์ ์  ๋ฐ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
and countries like Hungary and Poland,
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08:29
who are increasingly behaving in ways
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์„ฑ ์†Œ์ˆ˜์ž ์ง‘๋‹จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์šฐ๊ฐ€
08:31
that go against basic values
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ํ‘œ์ง€๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
08:34
such as respect for democracy
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์€,
08:37
and the rule of law.
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08:38
The treatment of women and the LGBT community
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์žฌ์ •์  ์ง€์›๊ณผ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ณต์œ  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ •์ฑ…์„
08:40
are other important markers here.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ๋ฌถ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ , ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:43
And in time Europe will, and should,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ํ‚คํ”„๋กœ์Šค๋Š”
08:47
tie financial aid to these countries
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค‘๊ตญ ๋ฐ ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์™€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
and policy
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08:50
to their adherence to Europe's shared values.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ํ๋ฅธ ๋’ค ์ด๋“ค์€ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ์„ ํƒ์„ ๊ฐ•์š”๋‹นํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
08:54
And these countries, and others in Eastern Europe, and Cyprus,
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08:57
still have close financial ties to Russia and China.
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค์ธ์ง€์š”.
09:02
And again in time they will be forced to choose
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด๊ณ 
09:05
between Europe and its values
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๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋…ํŠนํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„, ๋˜๋Š”,
09:08
and these other countries and their own distinct values.
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๊ตญ๋ฏผ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Like Europe, China is another big player
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„๊ฐ€
09:14
with a very distinct set of values,
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์„œ์–‘์—๋„ ์ต์ˆ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
or contract between the people and the state.
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์ง€๋‚œ ์‚ผ์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•œ
09:20
And I have to say that this set of values
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์™€ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
09:22
is not one that is well-understood
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋”์šฑ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
in the West.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์™€ ๊นŠ์ด ์—ฐ๊ด€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
And given China's extraordinary economic and social transformation
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ๋…„ ์ „ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋ฐฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋˜
09:30
in the last 30 years,
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์‹œ์ ˆ์˜ ์œ„์ƒ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š”
09:32
we should really be more curious.
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09:33
China's values are rooted deep in its history,
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์š•๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์‹œ์ง„ํ•‘์ด ์ค‘๊ตญ๋ชฝ์„ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
09:37
in a desire to regain the place
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09:39
it once enjoyed hundreds of years ago
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๋„๋„๋“œ ํŠธ๋Ÿผํ”„๊ฐ€ โ€œ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒโ€๋ผ๋Š” ๊ตฌํ˜ธ๋กœ
09:42
when its economy was the dominant one.
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๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์— ์„ ์ถœ๋˜๊ธฐ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
Indeed, Xi Jinping talked of the China Dream
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์™ธ๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์ฒด์ œ๋Š”
09:48
well before Donald Trump was elected
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์งˆ์„œ, ๋ฒˆ์˜, ๊ตญ์œ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:51
with the catchphrase "Make America Great Again."
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์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ž์œ ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ƒํ•˜๋Š”
09:55
And China's system, viewed from the outside,
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๊ณ„์•ฝ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ž˜์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
is based around a contract or a bargain
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์ด ์ฒด์ œ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ†ต์ œ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋งค์šฐ ๋†’๊ณ 
10:01
where people will sacrifice their liberty
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ธ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์€ ์ƒ์†Œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ
10:04
in return for order, prosperity and national prestige.
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์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ ์ฒด๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
It's one where the state is very much in control,
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10:12
which is something that most Europeans and Americans would find alien.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด ์ฒด์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์œ„ํ—˜์€
์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์‹ค์—…๋ฅ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
It's also a system that has worked very well for China.
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์ด๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™€ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ด ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ๊นฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
But the biggest risk it faces
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
is a period of high and prolonged unemployment
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์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋…ธํ•˜์šฐ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
that will break this contract
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ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
10:28
between the state and the people.
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10:30
And for other countries,
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์ผ๋Œ€์ผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—… ์ฐธ๊ฐ€๊ตญ๋“ค์ด ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
China can be an attractive partner.
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10:34
It can provide capital and know-how.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋™๋ฐ˜ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
I'm thinking for example of Pakistan and Sri Lanka,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
10:39
two members of the Belt and Road program.
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๋…ผ๋ž€์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ™”์›จ์ด๋„ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ค‘๊ตญ ํˆฌ์ž์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž๊ธˆ์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ 
10:43
But this partnership comes at a price;
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ํ•ญ๊ตฌ ๊ฐ™์€
10:45
they're beholden to Chinese technologies
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
such as the controversial Huawei.
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10:50
Chinese investors own their debt,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด๋‹ˆ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”์™€ ๊ทธ ์ข…๋ง, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
10:53
and as a result control key infrastructure
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10:56
such as the main port in Sri Lanka.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ค‘๊ตญ์—๋งŒ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•˜๋Š๋ผ
10:59
Now I find that when we talk about globalization,
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11:01
the end of globalization and the new world order,
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„, ๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ, ๋ฉ•์‹œ์ฝ”, ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
11:04
we spend far too much time discussing America, Europe and China,
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๊ธ‰์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”
์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:10
and not enough time on the many exciting things
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11:13
happening in fast-growing economies,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ์—์„œ ์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š”
11:15
from Ethiopia, Nigeria, to Indonesia, Bangladesh, Mexico and Brazil.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์™€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋™๋งน์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And in the new world order, the question for these countries
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์ด ์ค‘ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
๊ตญ์ œ ํ†ตํ™” ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์ฆ‰, IMF์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
11:26
is what model to follow and what alliances to build.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ฐ›์•„ ๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:30
And many of them during the period of globalization
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ œ ์šฐ์›”ํ•œ ์กด์žฌ๋“ค์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
had become used to being told what to do
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋œ ํš์ผ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
11:37
by the likes of the IMF, the International Monetary Fund.
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์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋Š”
11:42
But the age of condescension is now over,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์„ ํƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ณธ๋ณด๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์•„์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
11:45
so the tangible opportunity
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11:47
in a less uniform,
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๋™์‹œ์— ์„ ํƒ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์••๋ฐ•์€ ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:48
more value-driven world for these countries
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๋ฒจ๋ผ๋ฃจ์Šค๋‚˜ ๋ ˆ๋ฐ”๋…ผ์€
11:51
is that they have much greater choice in the path to follow,
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์•„์ผ๋žœ๋“œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”, ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋‘๋ฐ”์ด๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:55
and arguably greater pressure to get it right.
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๋‚˜์ด์ง€๋ฆฌ์•„๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์˜์—ฐ๋ฐฉ๊ณผ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
11:58
So should, for example, Belarus and Lebanon
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12:00
follow the Irish model or that of Dubai?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ž์‹ ๊ณผ ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์•ˆํ•ด์„œ
์ค‘๊ตญ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ ค๊ณ  ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
12:04
Does Nigeria still think it has shared values
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜ ๋ช‡ ์•ˆ ๋˜๋Š” ์—ฌ์„ฑ ์ง€๋„์ž๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
12:07
with the Commonwealth countries,
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12:09
or will it ally itself and its fast-growing population
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์˜ ์‚ด๋ผ ์›Œํฌ ์ž์šฐ๋ฐ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด
12:12
to China and its model?
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12:14
And then think of one of the few female leaders in Africa,
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์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋‰ด์งˆ๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ์ž์‹ ๋‹ค ์•„๋ด์ด๋‚˜
12:19
President Sahle-Work Zewde of Ethiopia,
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์Šค์ฝ”ํ‹€๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋‹ˆ์ฝœ๋ผ ์Šคํ„ฐ์ „์ธ์ง€,
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์‹ค์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„
12:22
and whether she might be inspired
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12:24
by the work of Jacinda Ardern in New Zealand
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์—ํ‹ฐ์˜คํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ •์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
12:27
or Nicola Sturgeon in Scotland,
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๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ด ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ์—์„œ
12:30
and tangibly how she can transfer their example
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์ผ€๋ƒ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€
๋…์ž์ ์ธ ๋…ธ์„ ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ ,
12:34
to policy in Ethiopia.
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12:36
Of course, it may be that in this new world order,
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์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์น˜ ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:38
countries like Kenya and Indonesia
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”์™€ ์ œ๋„๋“ค์€
12:42
decide to go their own way
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12:44
and build out their own value sets
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฒ ์ด์ง•๋ณด๋‹ค
12:46
and their own economic infrastructure,
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12:48
and in this way the arrangements and the institutions of the future
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ํŠ€๋‹ˆ์ง€์™€ ์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:54
will be crafted much less in Washington and Beijing,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•,
์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ต์œก ์ฒด๊ณ„์™€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฒ•,
12:58
but really by countries like Tunisia and Cambodia,
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13:02
comparing notes on how to battle corruption through technology,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:06
how to build education and health care systems
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ข…๋ง์„ ๋งž์ดํ•˜๋ฉฐ
ํ˜ผ๋ž€์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋ฎ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„ ๋ณด์ผ ๋•Œ,
13:09
for burgeoning populations,
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13:11
and how to make their voice heard
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์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒญ๋…„ ์„ธ๋Œ€,
13:13
on the world stage.
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13:14
So as globalization ends
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ๊ฐ€
13:17
and chaos seems to reign,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์งˆ์„œ์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์ด์ž ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:20
these countries, their young populations
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13:23
and the scope they have to build new societies
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
are the future
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13:29
and the promise of the new world order.
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13:32
Thank you.
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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