Sarah Rugheimer: The search for microscopic aliens | TED Fellows

38,899 views ใƒป 2021-06-22

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ji yoon Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:14
[SHAPE YOUR FUTURE]
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[๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ์„ธ์š”]
00:17
I want to find aliens.
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์ €๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
Finding life on another planet is not just going to be a little hard,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋ž€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:23
it's going to be very hard.
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๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
But for the first time in human history,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์ƒ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ
00:27
we have a chance to detect signs of life on another planet.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Or maybe we've already detected it on Venus.
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์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ ์š”.
00:33
Or maybe not.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์•„์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
00:35
There are still two big hurdles
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํฐ ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์ด ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
when it comes to confirming life on another world.
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00:39
The first is building a telescope big enough to do this,
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ํฐ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
00:42
and the second is interpreting what we will find.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š” ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ธ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
When we think of extraterrestrial life,
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์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆด ๋•Œ
00:48
we tend to think of aliens like funny little green men,
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์ž‘๊ณ  ์šฐ์Šค๊ฝ์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์ธ๊ฐ„์„ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ฃ .
00:52
not aliens as single-celled microbes.
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๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
00:55
But it's actually detecting signs of microbial life on another planet
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ”์ ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
that I'm most optimistic about, and what I focus my research on.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฌ๋ง์„ ํ’ˆ๊ณ  ์ œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
01:02
I model how a star's high-energy radiation
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์ €๋Š” ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ
01:05
can make gases from microbes harder or easier to see
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ˜น์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ชจํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
with future telescopes.
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01:10
Microbes have dominated our planet's biosphere for most of Earth's history.
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์„ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ถœํ•ด ์™”์ฃ .
01:15
They've been emitting gases that can be seen in our atmosphere --
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01:18
even light years away --
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์ˆ˜๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์„œ๋„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ, ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜์š”.
01:19
for billions of years.
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01:21
Now, if an alien astronomer were looking at Earth,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์ž๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:24
they would probably detect gases like oxygen, methane and nitrous oxide
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์•„๋งˆ ์‚ฐ์†Œ, ๋ฉ”ํƒ„, ์•„์‚ฐํ™”์งˆ์†Œ ๋“ฑ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
before detecting signs of us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—์š”.
01:30
Even with an active biosphere like Earth's,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ถŒ์—์„œ๋„
01:32
most of the gases that indicate life are coming from single-celled microbes,
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์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋Š”
๋™๋ฌผ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
not from animals.
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01:39
This is what we'll try to do in the next decade of astronomy --
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ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
01:42
try to find signs of microbial life on planets orbiting other stars.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒ ํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:47
But the technology to detect the atmosphere
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01:49
of a planet the size of Earth
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01:50
around another sun
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01:52
is incredibly difficult.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
It's like trying to determine the size of a firefly in front of a spotlight
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ํ™˜ํ•œ ์กฐ๋ช… ์•ž์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋”ง๋ถˆ์ด์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
01:58
while looking from another continent.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋Œ€๋ฅ™์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ฃ .
02:00
What's amazing is that with telescopes in the 2020s,
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์€ 2020๋…„๋Œ€์˜ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ
02:03
we're overcoming this technological barrier.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
The second issue defining alien life
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์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š”
02:08
will be to interpret what these biosignature gases actually mean.
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์ƒ๋ช… ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์˜ ์‹ค์ œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์„ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
Twenty-one percent of our atmosphere is oxygen,
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์ง€๊ตฌ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ 21%๋Š” ์‚ฐ์†Œ์ด๊ณ 
02:15
and nearly all of that oxygen comes from life.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
So here's the tricky question:
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ด ์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Would detecting oxygen on another planet mean life?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ ๋‚ด ์‚ฐ์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์ด ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
02:23
No, not necessarily,
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์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ผญ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ์€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:25
because we know of ways to get oxygen without biology.
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์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด ์—†์ด๋„ ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
02:29
I try to understand a planet's geology and its star's radiation
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์ €๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์งˆ๊ณผ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณต์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
so that we can better identify a true life signal.
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง€ ๋” ์ž˜ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์ฃ .
02:36
And this is what makes the preliminary detection on Venus of phosphine,
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ์—์„œ ์˜ˆ๋น„์ ์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์ง€ํ•œ ์ธํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ๋Š”
02:39
a potential biosignature gas,
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์ž ์žฌ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๋ช… ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ธ๋ฐ
02:42
so compelling but also so confusing.
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์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ์ˆ˜๋ฐ–์— ์—†์œผ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ธฐ์ฒด์ฃ .
02:45
Venus is not where we expected to find life.
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
It is a hellish world,
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์ง€์˜ฅ๊ณผ๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
02:49
with a surface temperature of nearly 900 degrees Fahrenheit.
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์„ญ์”จ 480๋„์— ์ด๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
Could life be floating in the more temperate upper atmosphere?
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๋” ์˜จํ™”ํ•œ ์ƒ์ธต ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์—์„  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:57
But then how would such life eat and reproduce?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋จน๊ณ  ๋ฒˆ์‹ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:00
This discovery will have to be vetted over the coming decade.
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์ด๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„๋‚ด๋ ค๋ฉด ํ–ฅํ›„ ์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
First, we must verify the detection of phosphine itself,
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๋จผ์ €, ์ธํ™”์ˆ˜์†Œ์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
and then later, we would have to confirm that this gas is coming from life
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๊ทธ ํ›„์—”, ์ด ๊ธฐ์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‚˜์™”์Œ์„ ํ™•์ฆํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
and not from some unexpected geological or photochemical process.
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์˜ˆ์ƒ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์ , ๊ด‘ํ™”ํ•™์  ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ์š”.
03:16
If true, this would be one of the most profound discoveries of our generation.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์„ธ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์‹ฌ์˜คํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
If it turns out that we were fooled,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜คํ•ดํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
์ด ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:23
that we mistook this gas for biology when it's from some other process,
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03:26
we will have a sobering lesson to apply to planets orbiting distant stars.
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๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ข‹์€ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
Venus is close -- literally, our next-door neighbor --
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๊ธˆ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ  ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ง€๊ตฌ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜†์— ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:34
and yet we still have trouble understanding it.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์•„์ง๋„ ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์„ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
The planets we're finding orbiting other stars
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์„ ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
03:39
are weird and unexpected.
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๊ธฐ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์˜์™ธ์˜ ์†์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
Some have the density of cotton candy,
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์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ€๋„๋Š” ์†œ์‚ฌํƒ•๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๊ณ 
03:44
and others rain molten iron.
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์–ด๋–ค ํ–‰์„ฑ์—์„œ๋Š” ์‡ณ๋ฌผ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
03:46
And most stars are different from our sun,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ์„ฑ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
with high-energy flares that can make it difficult for life.
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๊ณ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์–ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
So the more we're looking at different biosignature gases,
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๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ƒ์ดํ•œ ์ƒ๋ช… ์ง€ํ‘œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ์ˆ˜๋ก
03:55
the more we realize that there's no single gas
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์–ด๋–ค ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ๋Š”
03:58
that's enough to understand a planet and to claim alien life.
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ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Œ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
04:02
It is just really difficult to distinguish life from nonlife
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์ˆ˜๊ด‘๋…„ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ƒ๋ช…๊ณผ ๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ต์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
from light years away.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋ชจํ˜ธํ•จ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
And here's where the ambiguity lies.
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04:09
How will we know if a clue is a sign of life or is not?
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๋ช… ์กด์žฌ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์ธ์ง€ ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๊นŒ์š”?
04:13
Well, first, we'll need to understand as much as we can
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๋จผ์ €, ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์งˆ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์ „ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ญ์„ฑ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด
๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ•œ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ดํ•ดํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
about a planet's geology and the star it orbits.
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04:19
We'll learn vital lessons by exploring our own solar system
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์„ฑ์ด๋‚˜ ํ™”์„ฑ ๋“ฑ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ํƒ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด
04:22
in places such as Venus and Mars.
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๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ตํ›ˆ์„ ์–ป์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
We're getting closer to answering one of humanity's biggest questions:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์— ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Are we alone in the universe?
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ๊ณผ์—ฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:32
Any claim will be hotly debated.
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์น˜์—ดํ•œ ๋…ผ์Ÿ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:35
So basically, I'm stretched between two desires.
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋™์‹œ์— ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:38
I want to find alien life, but likely will not have a clear answer.
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์ €๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋งŒ
๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป์ง€ ๋ชปํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
And that's OK; science is nuanced and self-correcting.
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ๋ฏธ๋ฌ˜ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์ •์ ์ด๋ผ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
It's what I love about it.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ณผํ•™์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ฃ .
04:48
Science is about balancing this duality of skepticism and of hope.
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๊ณผํ•™์€ ์˜์‹ฌ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ผ๋Š” ์ด์ค‘์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
We won't be able to teleport ourselves to another planet
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ์ด๋™์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
and take pictures of alien kangaroos jumping around.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์™ธ๊ณ„ ์บฅ๊ฑฐ๋ฃจ๋“ค์ด ๋›ฐ์–ด๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ•  ํ…Œ์ฃ .
05:01
And without an intelligent "Hello, Earthlings!" signal,
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โ€˜์•ˆ๋…•, ์ง€๊ตฌ์ธ๋“ค!โ€™ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ˜ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:03
we might still feel lonely,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์™ธ๋กœ์›€์„ ๋Š๋‚„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:05
even if we find out we're not alone in the universe.
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์šฐ์ฃผ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹˜์„ ์•Œ์•˜๋”๋ผ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:09
Despite these challenges, I'm super excited about alien microbes
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
์ €๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์˜๋ฏธ์— ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
and what they could teach us.
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05:14
Even if we find just one other sign of life,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ํ”์ ์„ ๋‹จ์ง€ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ์ฐพ๋”๋ผ๋„
์šฐ์ฃผ์—๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ƒ๋ช…์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
then likely the universe is teeming with it,
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05:19
from single-celled to complex.
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๋‹จ์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์„ธํฌ ์ƒ๋ฌผ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:22
If we search for decades and find nothing,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:25
then that is equally humbling.
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์—ญ์‹œ ๊ฒธํ—ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์—ฌ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:27
But we must try.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
We must do this search even when it means sitting with uncertainty along the way.
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹คํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋†“์ด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:34
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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