James Surowiecki: The power and the danger of online crowds

39,262 views ใƒป 2008-11-05

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Alf Bae ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:19
This was in an area called Wellawatta, a prime residential area in Colombo.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ฝœ๋กฌ๋ณด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ์ธ ์›ฐ๋ผ์™€ํƒ€์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
We stood on the railroad tracks
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ฒ ๊ธธ์— ์„œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
00:25
that ran between my friend's house and the beach.
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์ฒ ๊ธธ์€ ๋‚ด ์นœ๊ตฌ์˜ ์ง‘๊ณผ ํ•ด๋ณ€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ 
00:28
The tracks are elevated about eight feet from the waterline normally,
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์ด ๊ธธ์€ ๋ณดํ†ต ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 8 ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
00:31
but at that point the water had receded
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์›ฌ์ผ์ธ์ง€ ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ฌผ์ด ๋น ์ ธ์„œ
00:33
to a level three or four feet below normal.
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ํ‰์†Œ๋ณด๋‹ค 3~4 ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ‘์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค์™€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:36
I'd never seen the reef here before.
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์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์•”์ดˆ๊ฐ€ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”
00:38
There were fish caught in rock pools left behind by the receding water.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ท๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐ๋ฌผ๋กœ ๋น ์งˆ๋Œ€๋ฉด ๋ฐ”์œ„ ํ‹ˆ์— ์›…๋ฉ์ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฒจ์„œ ๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žกํžˆ๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
00:43
Some children jumped down and ran to the rock pools with bags.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋ฐฉ์„ ๋“  ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ฐ”์œ„ ์‚ฌ์ด ์ž‘์€ ์›…๋ฉ์ด๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์š”
00:47
They were trying to catch fish.
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๋ฌผ๊ณ ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
No one realized that this was a very bad idea.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
The people on the tracks just continued to watch them.
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์ฒ ๊ธธ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”
00:55
I turned around to check on my friend's house.
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๋งˆ์นจ ์ €๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๋„ค ์ง‘์„ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
00:58
Then someone on the tracks screamed.
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๊ทธ ๋•Œ์˜€์–ด์š”. ๊ธธ ์œ„์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋น„๋ช…์„ ์งˆ๋ €์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
Before I could turn around, everyone on the tracks was screaming and running.
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๋ฏธ์ฒ˜ ๋Œ์•„๋ณด๊ธฐ๋„ ์ฑ„ ์ „์— ์ฒ ๊ธธ ์œ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ ์ด๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฅด๋ฉฐ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
The water had started coming back. It was foaming over the reef.
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๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜๊ฐ”๋˜ ๋ฌผ์ด ๋˜๋Œ์•„ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•”์ดˆ ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ๊ฑฐํ’ˆ์„ ๋‚ด๋ฉฐ ์˜ฌ๋ผ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
The children managed to run back onto the tracks.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ์ฒ ๊ธธ ์œ„๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด ๋Œ์•„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:12
No one was lost there. But the water continued to climb.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋‹นํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฌผ์€ ๊ณ„์† ์ฐจ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
01:16
In about two minutes, it had reached the level of the railroad tracks
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2๋ถ„ ํ›„, ๋ฌผ์€ ์ฒ ๊ธธ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฐจ์˜ฌ๋ž๊ณ 
01:19
and was coming over it. We had run about 100 meters by this time.
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์ด๋‚ด ๋„˜์ณ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•œ 100๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋›ฐ์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
It continued to rise.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋†’์€ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
01:25
I saw an old man standing at his gate, knee-deep in water, refusing to move.
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์ง‘ ๋ฌธ ์•ž์— ์„œ์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ์ด ๋ฌผ์— ์ž ๊ธด ์ฑ„ ์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์„œ ์žˆ๋˜ ๋…ธ์ธ์„ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:30
He said he'd lived his whole life there by the beach,
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๊ทธ๋Š” ์ผ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด๋ณ€์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜๊ณ 
01:33
and that he would rather die there than run.
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๋›ฐ๋Š๋‹ˆ ์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ฃฝ์Œ์„ ํƒํ•˜๊ฒ ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
A boy broke away from his mother to run back into his house
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ํ•œ ๊ผฌ๋งˆ๋Š” ์—„๋งˆ ๊ณ์—์„œ ๋– ๋‚˜
01:39
to get his dog, who was apparently afraid.
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์ง‘ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ๋–จ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
An old lady, crying, was carried out of her house and up the road by her son.
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์•„๋“ค์ด ์ง‘์—์„œ ๋…ธ๋ชจ๋ฅผ ๊บผ๋‚ด ๋„๋กœ ์œ„์— ๋ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์™”๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์šธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ 
01:47
The slum built on the railroad reservation
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์ด๊ณณ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์™€ ์ฒ ๊ธธ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์ฒ ๋„๊ธธ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ตฌ์—ญ ์œ„์—
01:50
between the sea and the railroad tracks was completely swept away.
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์„ธ์›Œ ์กŒ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์ˆœ์‹๊ฐ„์— ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์“ธ๋ ค ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ„๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:54
Since this was a high-risk location, the police had warned the residents,
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฑฐ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
01:57
and no one was there when the water rose.
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์ •์ž‘ ๋ฌผ์ด ์ฐจ์˜ค๋ฅผ๋•Œ๋Š” ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ด๊ณณ์— ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
01:59
But they had not had any time to evacuate any belongings.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ๋ผ๋„ ๊ฑด์ ธ์„œ ๋„๋ง๊ฐˆ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:03
For hours afterwards, the sea was strewn with bits of wood for miles around --
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๋ช‡ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ˆ ๋‚˜๋ฌด ์ชผ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์œ„ ๋ช‡๋งˆ์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋– ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
02:07
all of this was from the houses in the slum.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด ๋ถ€์„œ์ง„ ์ž”ํ•ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
When the waters subsided, it was as if it had never existed.
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๋ฌผ์ด ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋น ์ง€์ž, ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์›๋ž˜๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
This may seem hard to believe --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ์ผ์€ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šธ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:18
unless you've been reading lots and lots of news reports --
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ์ ‘ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”์š”.
02:20
but in many places, after the tsunami, villagers were still terrified.
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์ดํ›„, ๋งŽ์€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋งˆ์„ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์€ ๋ฌด์„œ์›€์— ๋ฒŒ๋ฒŒ ๋–จ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
When what was a tranquil sea swallows up people, homes
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ž”์ž”ํ•œ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์ง‘, ๋ณดํŠธ๋“ค์„
02:27
and long-tail boats -- mercilessly, without warning --
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋„ ์—†์ด ๋ฌด์ž๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง‘์–ด์‚ผ์ผœ๋ฒ„๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”
02:29
and no one can tell you anything reliable about whether another one is coming,
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋‹ค์‹œ ๋‹ฅ์ณ์˜ฌ์ง€ ์•„๋‹์ง€ ๋ฏฟ์„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:33
I'm not sure you'd want to calm down either.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋„ ์ž ์ž์ฝ” ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
One of the scariest things about the tsunami
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ ๋ฌด์„œ์šด ์ ์€
02:38
that I've not seen mentioned is the complete lack of information.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋„ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
This may seem minor, but it is terrifying to hear rumor after rumor
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ž‘์€ ์ผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, (๊ทผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š”) ์—ฐ์ด์€ ์†Œ๋ฌธ๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‘๋ ค์›€์— ๋–จ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
02:45
after rumor that another tidal wave, bigger than the last,
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๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌผ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋“ค์ด๋‹ฅ์น ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค, ์ด์ „๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํด๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค๋ผ๋Š” ์†Œ๋ฌธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:48
will be coming at exactly 1 p.m., or perhaps tonight, or perhaps ...
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ํ˜น์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์˜คํ›„ ํ•œ์‹œ ์ •๊ฐ....๋“ฑ๋“ฑ...
02:53
You don't even know if it is safe to go back down to the water,
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๋ฌผ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ• ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:56
to catch a boat to the hospital.
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๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ณดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์žก์•„ ํƒ€๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„์ง€๋„ ์•Œ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:58
We think that Phi Phi hospital was destroyed.
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ํŒŒ์ดํŒŒ์ด ๋ณ‘์›์€ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
We think this boat is going to Phuket hospital,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒ„ ์ด ๋ณดํŠธ๋Š” ํ‘ธ์ผ“ ๋ณ‘์›์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:03
but if it's too dangerous to land at its pier,
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๋ถ€๋‘์— ๋‹ค๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ฐ•ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด
03:05
then perhaps it will go to Krabi instead, which is more protected.
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๋” ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ํฌ๋ผ๋น„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
We don't think another wave is coming right away.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์žฅ ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ฅ์น ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
At the Phi Phi Hill Resort,
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ํŒŒ์ดํŒŒ์ดํž ๋ ˆ์กฐํŠธ์—์„œ
03:14
I was tucked into the corner furthest away from the television,
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์ €๋Š” ํ…”๋ ˆ๋น„์ „์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ฝ”๋„ˆ์—์„œ
03:17
but I strained to listen for information.
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด๋„๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
They reported that there was an 8.5 magnitude earthquake in Sumatra,
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์ˆ˜๋งˆํŠธ๋ผ์—์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ 8.5๋„์˜ ์ง€์ง„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
03:22
which triggered the massive tsunami.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ์œ ๋ฐœํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
Having this news was comforting in some small way
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์ด ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋“ค์€ ๋•๋ถ„์— ๋น„๋กœ์†Œ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์€ ์•ˆ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
to understand what had just happened to us.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์˜€๋Š”์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:28
However, the report focused on what had already occurred
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋‰ด์Šค์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ง‘์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:31
and offered no information on what to expect now.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅธ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
In general, everything was merely hearsay and rumor,
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๋ณดํ†ต, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ „ํ•ด ๋“ค์€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ฌธ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:37
and not a single person I spoke to for over 36 hours
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ 36์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ด์ƒ ๋™์•ˆ
03:40
knew anything with any certainty.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€ ์ „ํ˜€ ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
Those were two accounts of the Asian tsunami from two Internet blogs
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์•„์‹œ์•„ ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 2๊ฐœ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:49
that essentially sprang up after it occurred.
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์‚ฌ๊ฑด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ›„ ์ƒ๊ฒจ๋‚œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
I'm now going to show you two video segments from the tsunami
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์“ฐ๋‹ˆ๋ฏธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
that also were shown on blogs.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์—์„œ ์†Œ๊ฐœ๋œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:59
I should warn you, they're pretty powerful.
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๊ฒฝ๊ณ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ๋น„๋””์˜ค๋“ค์€ ๊ฝค ํŒŒ์›Œํ’€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
04:01
One from Thailand, and the second one from Phuket as well.
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํƒœ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ํ‘ธ์ผ“์—์„œ ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
(Screaming)
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(๋น„๋ช…)
04:19
Voice 1: It's coming in. It's coming again.
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์Œ์„ฑ1: ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
04:22
Voice 2: It's coming again?
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์Œ์„ฑ 2: ๋˜ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ ?
04:24
Voice 1: Yeah. It's coming again.
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์Œ์„ฑ1: ๊ทธ๋ž˜ ๋˜ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด.
04:26
Voice 2: Come get inside here.
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์Œ์„ฑ2: [๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ]
04:30
Voice 1: It's coming again. Voice 2: New wave?
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์Œ์„ฑ1: ๋˜ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด. ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํŒŒ๋„์•ผ.
04:35
Voice 1: It's coming again. New wave!
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๋˜ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
[Unclear]
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[๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ]
04:44
(Screaming)
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[๋น„๋ช…]
05:05
They called me out here.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
James Surowiecki: Phew. Those were both on this site: waveofdestruction.org.
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์ œ์ž„์Šค ์ˆ˜๋กœ์œ„ํ‚ค: ํœด. ์ด ์˜์ƒ ๋ชจ๋‘ Waveofdestruction.org์—๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:27
In the world of blogs, there's going to be before the tsunami and after the tsunami,
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ๋Š”, ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์ด์ „๊ณผ ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์ดํ›„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์ด ๋‹ด๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:31
because one of the things that happened in the wake of the tsunami was that,
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์ผ๊นจ์›Œ์ง„ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
05:35
although initially -- that is, in that first day --
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ - ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทธ ์ฒซ์งธ ๋‚ ์— -
05:37
there was actually a kind of dearth of live reporting, there was a dearth of live video
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์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ์ค‘๊ณ„์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ƒ๋ฐฉ์†ก ๋น„๋””์˜ค์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
and some people complained about this.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถˆํ‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:43
They said, "The blogsters let us down."
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจ์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ 
05:46
What became very clear was that,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚œ ์ ์€
05:48
within a few days, the outpouring of information was immense,
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์ด ๋ช‡์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ™์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:53
and we got a complete and powerful picture of what had happened
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๋‚  ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์™„์ „ํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
05:58
in a way that we never had been able to get before.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณธ์ ์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:01
And what you had was a group of essentially unorganized, unconnected
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณธ์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋น„์กฐ์ง์ ์ด๊ณ , ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜
06:04
writers, video bloggers, etc., who were able to come up with
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์ž‘๊ฐ€, ๋น„๋””์˜ค ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€
06:09
a collective portrait of a disaster that gave us a much better sense
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์ด ์ฐธ์‚ฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
of what it was like to actually be there than the mainstream media could give us.
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋งค์ฒด๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ž˜ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:18
And so in some ways the tsunami can be seen as a sort of seminal moment,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํš๊ธฐ์  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
06:22
a moment in which the blogosphere came, to a certain degree, of age.
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์ฆ‰ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์–ด๋–ค ์„ฑ์ˆ™์˜ ์ •๋„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Now, I'm going to move now from this kind of --
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ „ํ†ต์  ์˜๋ฏธ์—์„œ
06:30
the sublime in the traditional sense of the word,
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์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
that is to say, awe-inspiring, terrifying -- to the somewhat more mundane.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋†€๋ž๊ณ  ๋ฌด์„ญ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์ข€๋” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:37
Because when we think about blogs,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๋•Œ
06:39
I think for most of us who are concerned about them,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
06:42
we're primarily concerned with things like politics, technology, etc.
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์ฆ‰, ์ •์น˜,๊ฒฝ์ œ๋“ฑ์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์“ธ๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
And I want to ask three questions in this talk,
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์ด ๋ฐœํ‘œ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
06:49
in the 10 minutes that remain, about the blogosphere.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚จ์€ 10๋ถ„๋‚ด์— ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
The first one is, What does it tell us about our ideas,
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”
06:56
about what motivates people to do things?
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๋ฌด์—‡์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ๋ฅผ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
06:58
The second is, Do blogs genuinely have the possibility
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€, ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ง„์งœ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ง€์„ฑ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๊ฒƒ์—
07:02
of accessing a kind of collective intelligence
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๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
07:06
that has previously remained, for the most part, untapped?
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ง€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์—ด์–ด ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:09
And then the third part is, What are the potential problems,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์–ด๋–ค ์ž ์žฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์ ์ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ
07:13
or the dark side of blogs as we know them?
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋‹จ์ ์€ ์—†์„๊นŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
07:17
OK, the first question:
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ:
07:19
What do they tell us about why people do things?
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๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ์— ์—ด์ค‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
07:21
One of the fascinating things about the blogosphere specifically,
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ํŠน๋ณ„ํžˆ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์— ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด์  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
07:24
and, of course, the Internet more generally --
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๋ฌผ๋ก , ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด -
07:27
and it's going to seem like a very obvious point,
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์ด๋Š” ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
07:29
but I think it is an important one to think about --
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ๋ณด์•„์•ผ ํ•  ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€
07:31
is that the people who are generating these enormous reams of content
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ปจํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:35
every day, who are spending enormous amounts of time organizing,
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๋งค์ผ, ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๊ณ 
07:40
linking, commenting on the substance of the Internet,
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋ณธ์งˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฝ”๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
07:43
are doing so primarily for free.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต์งœ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
They are not getting paid for it in any way other than in the attention and,
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๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ๋“  ๋ณด์ƒ๋ฐ›์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:50
to some extent, the reputational capital that they gain from doing a good job.
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ข‹์€ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด '์ข‹์€ ํ‰ํŒ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๋ณธ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:55
And this is -- at least, to a traditional economist -- somewhat remarkable,
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์ •ํ†ตํŒŒ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋ผ๋ฉด ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•œ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
08:00
because the traditional account of economic man would say that,
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์ •ํ†ต์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์ž๋ผ๋ฉด
08:04
basically, you do things for a concrete reward, primarily financial.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๋ณด์ƒ์ด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์œ ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:09
But instead, what we're finding on the Internet --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€์‹ ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ -
08:12
and one of the great geniuses of it -- is that people have found a way
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฒœ์žฌ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๋ณด์ƒ์— ์—ฐ์—ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„
08:16
to work together without any money involved at all.
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์ผ์„ ํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
They have come up with, in a sense, a different method for organizing activity.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ™œ๋™์„ ์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
The Yale Law professor Yochai Benkler, in an essay called "Coase's Penguin,"
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์˜ˆ์ผ๋Œ€ ๋ฒ•ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ธ ์š”์ฐจ์ด ๋ฒคํด๋Ÿฌ๋Š” "์ฝ”์–ด์ฆˆ์˜ ํŽญ๊ท„"์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์—์„ธ์ด์—์„œ
08:29
talks about this open-source model, which we're familiar with from Linux,
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๋ฆฌ๋ˆ…์Šค๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ‘œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜คํ”ˆ์†Œ์Šค๋ชจ๋ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
08:33
as being potentially applicable in a whole host of situations.
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์ด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋‚˜ ์ ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
And, you know, if you think about this with the tsunami,
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ๋“ฏ์ด ์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
08:38
what you have is essentially a kind of an army of local journalists,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์กŒ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด์˜€๊ณ 
08:42
who are producing enormous amounts of material
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋งŽ์€ ์–‘์˜ ๋‰ด์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
for no reason other than to tell their stories.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€ ์ด์œ  ๋ฟ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
That's a very powerful idea, and it's a very powerful reality.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:51
And it's one that offers really interesting possibilities
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:53
for organizing a whole host of activities down the road.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ์•„ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ์กฐ์งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:59
So, I think the first thing that the blogosphere tells us
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€๋Š”
09:02
is that we need to expand our idea of what counts as rational,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ด์„ฑ์ ์ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ™•์žฅ๋  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:05
and we need to expand our simple equation of value equals money,
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๋ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ข€๋” ํ™•์žฅํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:09
or, you have to pay for it to be good,
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ํ˜น์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
09:11
but that in fact you can end up with collectively really brilliant products
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๋Ÿฐ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ œํ’ˆ์ด ๋  ๋ฟ์ด๊ณ 
09:14
without any money at all changing hands.
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ธˆ์ „์  ๋ณด์ƒ๋„ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:17
There are a few bloggers -- somewhere maybe around 20, now --
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ํ˜„์žฌ 20์—ฌ๋ช…์ด ์ข€ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
09:20
who do, in fact, make some kind of money, and a few
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ฒŒ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:23
who are actually trying to make a full-time living out of it,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ „์ผ์ œ๋กœ ์ด์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊พธ๋ ค๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐ์š”.
09:26
but the vast majority of them are doing it because they love it
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ๊ทธ์ € ์ด์ผ์ด ์ข‹์•„์„œ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:28
or they love the attention, or whatever it is.
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ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ญ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ด์œ ๋“ค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:30
So, Howard Rheingold has written a lot about this
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ํ•˜์›Œ๋“œ ๋ผ์ธ๊ณจ๋“œ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ธ€์„ ์ผ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
09:32
and, I think, is writing about this more,
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—” ์ข€ ๋” ๋‚˜์˜ฌ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ๋“ฏ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
but this notion of voluntary cooperation
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ž์›๋ด‰์‚ฌ์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด ๋˜ํ•œ
09:37
is an incredibly powerful one, and one worth thinking about.
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๋ฏฟ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋” ์ง„์ง€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณผ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
The second question is, What does the blogosphere actually do for us,
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๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์€ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
in terms of accessing collective intelligence?
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์ •๋ง ์ง‘๋‹จ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ˜„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ€์š”?
09:48
You know, as Chris mentioned, I wrote a book called "The Wisdom of Crowds."
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šค๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ•ด ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ์ €๋Š” "๊ตฐ์ค‘์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ"๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:51
And the premise of "The Wisdom of Crowds" is that,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "๊ตฐ์ค‘์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ"์—์„œ ๋งํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์€,
09:54
under the right conditions, groups can be remarkably intelligent.
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์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ๋Š”, ์ง‘๋‹จ๋„ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
And they can actually often be smarter
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š”
10:00
than even the smartest person within them.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๋” ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
The simplest example of this is if you ask a group of people
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ๋ จ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ
10:05
to do something like guess how many jellybeans are in a jar.
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ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์— ์ฝฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์„๊นŒ? ๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
10:09
If I had a jar of jellybeans
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์ ค๋ฆฌ์ฝฉ์ด ๋“ค์–ด์žˆ๋Š” ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ ,
10:11
and I asked you all to guess how many jellybeans were in that jar,
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๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ฝฉ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด๋ผ ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:14
your average guess would be remarkably good.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์˜ ๋‹ต์˜ ํ‰๊ท ์€ ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ๋‹ต์— ๊ฐ€๊น์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
It would be somewhere probably within three and five percent
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ 3~5ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋‚ด์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ
10:19
of the number of beans in the jar,
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ํ•ญ์•„๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฝฉ์˜ ๊ฐฏ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋งž์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:21
and it would be better than 90 to 95 percent of you.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ต์€ (๊ฐœ๋ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ) ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณธ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ 90~95ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์ผ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
There may be one or two of you who are brilliant jelly bean guessers,
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ํ•œ๋ช… ํ˜น์€ ๋‘๋ช…์˜ ์ •๋ง ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ธก๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
10:29
but for the most part the group's guess
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๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
10:32
would be better than just about all of you.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์˜ˆ์ƒ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚ด๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:34
And what's fascinating is that you can see this phenomenon at work
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์ง์žฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ˜„์ƒ์„
10:37
in many more complicated situations.
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์†์—์„œ๋„ ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
For instance, if you look at the odds on horses at a racetrack,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฒฝ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ง๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์Šน๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด
10:43
they predict almost perfectly how likely a horse is to win.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ง์ด ์ด๊ธธ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:48
In a sense, the group of betters at the racetrack
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฉด์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ฒฝ๋งˆ์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์ด
10:51
is forecasting the future, in probabilistic terms.
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ํ™•๋ฅ ์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ์ธกํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
You know, if you think about something like Google,
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๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:57
which essentially is relying on the collective intelligence of the Web
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์›น์˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€์„ฑ์— ์˜์ง€ํ•˜์—ฌ
11:01
to seek out those sites that have the most valuable information --
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:05
we know that Google does an exceptionally good job of doing that,
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ๊ตฌ๊ธ€์ด ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ž˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ 
11:08
and it does that because, collectively, this disorganized thing
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์กฐ์งํ™”๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์€
11:11
we call the "World Wide Web" actually has a remarkable order,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์›”๋“œ ์™€์ด๋“œ ์›น์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ๋†€๋ž„ ๋งŒํ•œ ์งˆ์„œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
11:15
or a remarkable intelligence in it.
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ํ˜น์€ ๋†€๋ž„๋งŒํผ์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๊ทธ ์•ˆ์— ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
And this, I think, is one of the real promises of the blogosphere.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ์—๋Š”, ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ง„์งœ๋กœ ์•ฝ์†ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
Dan Gillmor -- whose book "We the Media"
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(TED์ฐธ์„์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์ œ๊ณต๋˜๋Š”) ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์„ ๋ฌผ ๊พธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏธ์— ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋˜ ์ฑ…
11:23
is included in the gift pack --
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"์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ๋””์–ด๋‹ค!(We the Media)"์˜ ์ €์ž ๋Œ„ ๊ธธ๋ชจ์–ด๋Š”
11:25
has talked about it as saying that, as a writer,
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜„์ƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ๋Š” ๋…์ž๋“ค์ด
11:28
he's recognized that his readers know more than he does.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์€ ์ž์‹ ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
And this is a very challenging idea. It's a very challenging idea
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:35
to mainstream media. It's a very challenging idea to anyone
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์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ๋งค์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งค์šฐ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:37
who has invested an enormous amount of time and expertise,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์–‘์˜ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ์„ฑ์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋‚˜
11:41
and who has a lot of energy invested in the notion
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒƒ์— ๋งŽ์€ ์—ด์ •์„ ํˆฌ์žํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
11:44
that he or she knows better than everyone else.
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๋งค์šฐ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:49
But what the blogosphere offers is the possibility
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ณ ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
11:52
of getting at the kind of collective, distributive intelligence that is out there,
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์ง‘๋‹จ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋ถ„์‚ฐ์ ์ธ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
11:57
and that we know is available to us
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๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์—ด๋ ค ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:59
if we can just figure out a way of accessing it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์•ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:03
Each blog post, each blog commentary
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๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ธ€, ๊ฐ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ์˜ ์ปค๋ฉ˜ํŠธ๋Š”
12:06
may not, in and of itself, be exactly what we're looking for,
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๋กœ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋‚˜
12:10
but collectively the judgment of those people posting, those people linking,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ธ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งํฌ ๊ฑธ์–ด๋†“์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ์„œ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์  ํŒ๋‹จ์€
12:15
more often than not is going to give you a very interesting
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งค์šฐ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ณ 
12:19
and enormously valuable picture of what's going on.
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ์ œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
So, that's the positive side of it.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์ธก๋ฉด์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
That's the positive side of what is sometimes called
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ๋ฉด์€ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋กœ
12:26
participatory journalism or citizen journalism, etc. --
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์ฐธ์—ฌ์  ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ํ˜น์€ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ์ €๋„๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜ ๋“ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
that, in fact, we are giving people
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€, ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
12:34
who have never been able to talk before a voice,
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:37
and we're able to access information that has always been there
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ
12:40
but has essentially gone untapped.
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๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ด๋ ค์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
12:43
But there is a dark side to this,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์–ด๋‘์šด ๋ฉด์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
and that's what I want to spend the last part of my talk on.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์„ค๋ช…๋“œ๋ฆด ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
One of the things that happens if you spend a lot of time on the Internet,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์—์„œ ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
12:51
and you spend a lot of time thinking about the Internet,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์†์—์„œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๋ฉด
12:53
is that it is very easy to fall in love with the Internet.
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์ •๋ง ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:57
It is very easy to fall in love with the decentralized,
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ํƒˆ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ ์ด ๋˜๊ณ  ๋ฐ‘์—์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์œ„๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ
13:00
bottom-up structure of the Internet.
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์ •๋ง ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์ง€์š”.
13:02
It is very easy to think that networks are necessarily good things --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ž€ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜
13:07
that being linked from one place to another,
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์„œ๋กœ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ข‹๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:09
that being tightly linked in a group, is a very good thing.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:13
And much of the time it is.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋„ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
But there's also a downside to this -- a kind of dark side, in fact --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์–ด๋‘์€ ์ธก๋ฉด ์ฆ‰ ๋‹จ์ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
and that is that the more tightly linked we've become to each other,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋” ๋‹จ๋‹จํžˆ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋ก
13:23
the harder it is for each of us to remain independent.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋” ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:27
One of the fundamental characteristics of a network is that,
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ํŠน์ง•์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
13:30
once you are linked in the network,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜๋ฉด
13:32
the network starts to shape your views
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๋‹น์‹ ์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:35
and starts to shape your interactions with everybody else.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค๊ณผ์˜ ์ƒํ˜ธ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
That's one of the things that defines what a network is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋ฅผ ์ •์˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:40
A network is not just the product of its component parts.
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
It is something more than that.
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๊ทธ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
13:47
It is, as Steven Johnson has talked about, an emergent phenomenon.
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์Šคํ‹ฐ๋ธ ์กด์Šจ์ด ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐœ์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ˜„์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
Now, this has all these benefits:
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์ด์ œ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:53
it's very beneficial in terms of the efficiency of communicating information;
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๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์†Œํ†ตํ•˜๋Š” ํšจ์œจ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ์ด๋กญ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
it gives you access to a whole host of people;
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹น์‹ ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ˜ธ์ŠคํŠธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ผ€ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
it allows people to coordinate their activities in very good ways.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๋งค์šฐ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:02
But the problem is that groups are only smart
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์ง‘๋‹จ์€
14:06
when the people in them are as independent as possible.
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์ง‘๋‹จ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์›์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ๊ด€๊ณ„์ผ ๋•Œ๋งŒ ๋˜‘๋˜‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:10
This is the paradox of the wisdom of crowds,
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์ด๋Š”, ์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€ํ˜œ์˜ ์—ญ์„ค ํ˜น์€
14:13
or the paradox of collective intelligence,
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์ง‘๋‹จ ์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์—ญ์„ค์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
that what it requires is actually a form of independent thinking.
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์ฆ‰, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:20
And networks make it harder for people to do that,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋” ์–ด๋ ต๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:24
because they drive attention to the things that the network values.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋งค๊ธฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
So, one of the phenomena that's very clear in the blogosphere
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ณ  ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์—์„œ ๋šœ๋ ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ํ˜„์ƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
14:32
is that once a meme, once an idea gets going,
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ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ฐˆ(Meme) ํ˜น์€ ์–ด๋–ค ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด
14:36
it is very easy for people to just sort of pile on,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ ์œ„์—๋‹ค ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ์–น๋Š” ์ผ์ด ์‰ฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
because other people have, say, a link.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:42
People have linked to it, and so other people in turn link to it, etc., etc.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ฐจ๋ก€๋กœ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:45
And that phenomenon
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ํ˜„์ƒ์€,
14:48
of piling on the existing links
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋งํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ˜„์ƒ์€
14:51
is one that is characteristic of the blogosphere,
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์™€ ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
particularly of the political blogosphere,
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ํŠนํžˆ๋‚˜ ์ •์น˜์ ์ธ ๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ํŠน์ง•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:57
and it is one that essentially throws off
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ถœ๋ฐœ์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ๋ฐ
15:00
this beautiful, decentralized, bottom-up intelligence
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ํ•˜์˜์ƒ๋‹ฌ์‹์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ํƒˆ์ค‘์‹ฌํ™”๋˜๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ํ˜•ํƒœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:03
that blogs can manifest in the right conditions.
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑดํ•˜์—์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ์กฐ๊ฑด ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:06
The metaphor that I like to use is the metaphor of the circular mill.
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์ด๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ’์ฐจ๋ฐฉ์•—๊ฐ„์„ ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:10
A lot of people talk about ants.
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์— ๋น„์œ ํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
15:12
You know, this is a conference inspired by nature.
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์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ด ์ปจํผ๋Ÿฐ์Šค๋Š” ์ž์—ฐ์—์„œ ์˜๊ฐ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
15:14
When we talk about bottom-up, decentralized phenomena,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒˆ์ค‘์‹ฌํ™”๋œ ํ•˜์˜์ƒ๋‹ฌ์‹์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ• ๋•Œ
15:17
the ant colony is the classic metaphor, because,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์„œ์‹์ง€๋ฅผ ์ „ํ˜•์ ์ธ ๋น„์œ ๋กœ ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:21
no individual ant knows what it's doing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ญ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ์•„๋Š” ๋ฐ”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ง€์š”
15:23
but collectively ants are able to reach incredibly intelligent decisions.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šธ ์ •๋„๋กœ ์ง€๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ด๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
They're able to reach food as efficiently as possible,
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์•„์ฃผ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์†๋„๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:32
they're able to guide their traffic with remarkable speed.
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15:36
So, the ant colony is a great model:
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๋˜ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ์„œ์‹์ง€๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ธ๋ฐ์š” -
15:38
you have all these little parts that collectively add up to a great thing.
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์•„์ฃผ ์ž‘์€๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ชจ์—ฌ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:41
But we know that occasionally ants go astray,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋•Œ๋•Œ๋ก  ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋„ ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:45
and what happens is that, if army ants are wandering around and they get lost,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋ณ‘์ •๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ํ—ค๋งฌ ๋•Œ ์–ด๋–ป๋ƒ ํ•˜๋ฉด
15:49
they start to follow a simple rule --
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฒ•์น™์„ ๋”ฐ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
just do what the ant in front of you does.
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๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ž๊ธฐ ์•ž์—์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š”๋Œ€๋กœ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
15:55
And what happens is that the ants eventually end up in a circle.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ๋บ‘๋บ‘ ๋Œ๊ฒŒ ๋”ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:59
And there's this famous example of one that was 1,200 feet long
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” 1200ํ”ผํŠธ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ
16:03
and lasted for two days, and the ants just kept marching around and around
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์ดํ‹€๋™์•ˆ์ด๋‚˜ ๋บ‘ ๋Œ์•„์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฏธ๋“ค์ด ๊ณ„์† ํ–‰๊ตฐํ•˜๊ณ  ํ–‰๊ตฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
16:07
in a circle until they died.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋‹ค ์ฃฝ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:10
And that, I think, is a sort of thing to watch out for.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•ด์•ผํ•  ์ผ์ด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
That's the thing we have to fear --
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œ ํ•ด์•ผํ• 
16:15
is that we're just going to keep marching around and around until we die.
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๋น™๋น™ ๋Œ๊ธฐ๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์ฃฝ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:19
Now, I want to connect this back, though, to the tsunami,
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ฉด
16:22
because one of the great things about the tsunami --
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ ์–ป์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
16:24
in terms of the blogosphere's coverage,
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๋ธ”๋กœ๊ฑฐ์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ์˜์—ญ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
16:26
not in terms of the tsunami itself --
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์“ฐ๋‚˜๋ฏธ ์ž์ฒด์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ์š”
16:28
is that it really did represent a genuine bottom-up phenomenon.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ•˜์˜์ƒ๋‹ฌ์‹ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด์˜€๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:32
You saw sites that had never existed before getting huge amounts of traffic.
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์ด์ „์—๋Š” ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ํŠธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ์ด ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋“ค์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:35
You saw people being able to offer up their independent points of view
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๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:39
in a way that they hadn't before.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด์ „์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ณ 
16:41
There, you really did see the intelligence of the Web manifest itself.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์›น์˜ ์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋ณผ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์„ ์–ธ ๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:46
So, that's the upside. The circular mill is the downside.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ’์ฐจ๋ฐฉ์•—๊ฐ„์—์„œ๋Š” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ  ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐˆ๋•Œ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋งŒ
16:49
And I think that the former is what we really need to strive for.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ 
16:52
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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