Racism has a cost for everyone | Heather C. McGhee

228,289 views ใƒป 2020-05-08

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: ํ˜„์„  ์•ˆ ๊ฒ€ํ† : YoonJu Mangione
00:12
I am a public policy wonk.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ… ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
I investigate data that points to problems in the American economy --
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ง„๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
00:20
problems like rising household debt,
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๊ฐ€๊ณ„๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ๊ณผ ํ˜œํƒ์˜ ๊ฐ์†Œ ๋ฐ
00:23
declining wages and benefits,
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00:25
shortfalls in public revenue.
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๊ตญ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ž… ๋ฏธ๋‹ฌ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์š”.
00:28
And I try to pinpoint solutions
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„œ๋ฏผ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํ’์š”๋กœ์šด ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:30
to make our economy more prosperous for more people.
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๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์›์ธ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋‚ด๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ์ฃผ๋ ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
I geek out about tax policy
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์ €๋Š” ์กฐ์„ธ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ์‚ฌ์กฑ์„ ๋ชป์“ฐ๊ณ 
00:37
and infrastructure investments,
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๋งคํ˜น์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๊ทœ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์— ์งœ๋ฆฟํ•œ ํฅ๋ถ„์„ ๋Š๋‚๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:40
and I get really excited
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00:41
by a gracefully designed regulatory regime.
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00:44
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
00:46
These are the kinds of topics that I was talking about
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๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ 2016๋…„ 8์›” ํ•œ ๊ณต์˜ ๋ฐฉ์†ก์˜
00:50
on a public television live call-in show in August of 2016.
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์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์ „ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์—์„œ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ์ œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
I was about halfway through the program
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ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ฏค ํ•œ ๋‚จ์„ฑ ์‹œ์ฒญ์ž์™€ ์ „ํ™” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์ด ๋๋Š”๋ฐ
00:58
when a man called in,
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00:59
identified as Gary from North Carolina
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋…ธ์Šค์บ๋กค๋ผ์ด๋‚˜์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๋ฉฐ ๋ง์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
01:02
and he said ...
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01:05
"I'm a white male, and I'm prejudiced."
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"์ „ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด๊ณ , ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”."
01:11
He then went on to detail his prejudice,
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์ด์–ด์„œ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ž์„ธํžˆ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
talking about black men and gangs
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ํ‘์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ๋“ค๊ณผ ํญ๋ ฅ ์กฐ์ง, ๋งˆ์•ฝ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ์š”.
01:17
and drugs and crime.
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01:20
But then he said something that I'll never forget.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žŠ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
He said, "But I want to change.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๊ธธ, "ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ๊ณ ,
01:27
And I want to know what I can do to become a better American."
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์–ด์š”."
01:34
Now remember, my career is about economic policy,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ด€๋ จ ์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:38
as translated into dollars and cents
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๊ฒฝ์ œ ์ •์ฑ…์€ ๊ธˆ์œต์  ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚ณ์ง€,
01:40
not personal thoughts and feelings.
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๊ฐœ์ธ์  ๊ฐ์ •์ด๋‚˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์–ด์ง€์ง„ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
01:43
But when I opened my mouth to respond to this man on live television,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž…์„ ๋—์„ ๋•Œ
01:48
the most surprising words came out.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ง์ด ์ž… ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
01:51
I said ...
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์ œ๊ฐ€ "๊ณ ๋งˆ์›Œ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
01:52
"Thank you."
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01:54
I thanked him for admitting his prejudice,
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•œ๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์› ๊ณ ,
01:57
for wanting to change and for knowing, somehow,
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๋ฐ”๋€Œ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋ณธ์ธ์ด
02:00
that that would make him a better American.
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๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์ด ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋งˆ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
The exchange between Gary and me went viral.
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ €์˜ ์ƒ์ค‘๊ณ„ ํ†ตํ™”๊ฐ€ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์ƒ์— ํผ์กŒ๊ณ 
02:08
It's been viewed over eight million times
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ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ 8๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:11
and inspired waves of social media commentary
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์ด์— ๊ด€ํ•œ SNS ์ƒ์˜ ๋น„ํŒ๊ณผ ๋‰ด์Šค ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ธ‰์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:14
and news coverage.
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02:17
And I think people were surprised
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋†€๋ผ์›Œํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ด์œ ๋Š”
02:19
that a black woman would show such compassion
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ํ‘์ธ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณด์˜€๊ณ ,
02:22
for a prejudiced white man,
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02:23
and they were surprised that a white man would admit his bias
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ด ๊ณต์ค‘ํŒŒ TV์—์„œ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๋ผ ๋ด์š”.
02:27
on national television.
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02:30
Not long after Gary and my viral moment,
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ํ™”์ œ์˜ ํ†ตํ™” ์ดํ›„ ์–ผ๋งˆ ์ง€๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„
02:34
we met in person.
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
He said that he had taken my advice.
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ œ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์˜€๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
02:38
He said that my words had been like someone wiped the dust from a window
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋จผ์ง€ ๋‚€ ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ฆ์•„์ฃผ์–ด ๋น›์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜จ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
and let the light in.
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02:46
Over the years, Gary and I have become friends.
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๋ช‡ ๋…„์„ ์ง€๋‚ด์˜ค๋ฉฐ ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And Gary would tell you that I've taught him a lot
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์กฐ์ง์  ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ณต์ •์ฑ…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:52
about systemic racism in America and public policy.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฑธ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์คฌ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋งํ•˜๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
02:56
But I've learned a lot from Gary, too.
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์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๊ทธ์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
And the biggest lesson for me
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ป์€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ตํ›ˆ์€
03:01
has been that Gary's prejudice has caused him to suffer.
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๊ฒŒ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด ๊ทธ ์ž์‹ ์„ ๊ณ ํ†ต์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:07
Fear, anxiety, isolation.
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๊ณผ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ, ๊ณ ๋ฆฝ์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:11
And it's made me rethink
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์ œ๊ฒ ์—ฌํƒœ๊ป ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žฌ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ณ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
many of the economic problems I've been focusing on
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03:16
my entire career.
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03:18
I wondered,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
03:20
is it possible that our society's racism
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
03:25
has likewise been backfiring on the very same people
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ํŠน๊ถŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜ํ˜œ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์†ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์˜๋ฌธ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:31
set up to benefit from privilege?
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03:36
Driven by this question,
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์ด ์˜๋ฌธ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „์—ญ์„ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉฐ
03:37
I've spent the past few years traveling the country,
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03:39
researching and writing a book.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์ฑ…์„ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:43
My conclusion?
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์ €์˜ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€,
03:45
Racism leads to bad policymaking.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ •์ฑ… ๊ฒฐ์ •์„ ๋‚ณ๊ณ 
03:50
It's making our economy worse.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋” ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:53
And not just in ways that disadvantage people of color.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฑด ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
It turns out it's not a zero sum.
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์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ๊ฒŒ์ž„์ด ์•„๋‹Œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
04:01
Racism is bad for white people, too.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋„ ํ”ผํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Take, for example,
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๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค๊ฒŒ์š”.
04:09
America's underinvestment in our public goods,
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04:13
the things that we all need, that we share in common --
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ํ•™๊ต๋‚˜ ๋„๋กœ, ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ ๋“ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‹œ์„ค๋ฌผ์ด์ฃ .
04:16
our schools and roads and bridges.
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04:19
Our infrastructure gets a D plus
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๋ฏธ๊ตญํ† ๋ชฉํ•™ํšŒ๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ธํ”„๋ผ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์„ D+ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
from the American Society of Civil Engineers,
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ํƒ€ ์„ ์ง„๊ตญ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ์ธ๋‹น ์ธํ”„๋ผ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์‹ค์ •์ด์ฃ .
04:25
and we invest less per capita than almost every other advanced nation.
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04:29
But it wasn't always this way.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—” ๋Š˜ ์ด๋ ‡์ง„ ์•Š์•˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:32
I traveled to Montgomery, Alabama,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์•จ๋ผ๋ฐฐ๋งˆ์ฃผ ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์—์„œ
04:33
and there, I saw how racism can destroy a public good
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ๊ณต๊ณต์žฌ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€ํƒฑํ•˜๋Š” ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ์˜์ง€๋งˆ์ €
04:38
and the public will to support it.
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ํŒŒ๊ดดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:42
In the 1930s and '40s,
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1930๋…„๊ณผ 40๋…„๋Œ€์— ์ „๊ตญ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์‹œ์„ค ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ถ์ด ์ผ์—ˆ๊ณ 
04:44
the United States went on a nationwide building boom of public amenities
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04:48
funded by tax dollars,
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์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ํˆฌ์ž…๋์ฃ .
04:50
which in Montgomery, Alabama, included the Oak Park pool,
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์•จ๋ผ๋ฐฐ๋งˆ์ฃผ ๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜คํฌ ํŒŒํฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ๋„ ๊ทธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€์–ด์š”.
04:55
which was the grandest one for miles.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์‹œ์„ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
You know, back then, people didn't have air conditioners,
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ์—” ์—์–ด์ปจ์ด ์—†๋˜ ํ„ฐ๋ผ
05:01
and so they spent their hot summer days
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ํ–‡๋ณ•์— ์žˆ๋‹ค ๋ฌผ์— ๋›ฐ์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋ฌด ๊ทธ๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋”์œ„ ์‹ํžˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:04
in a steady rotation of sunning and splashing
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05:08
and then cooling off under a ring of nearby trees.
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๋”์šด ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
It was the meeting place for the town.
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๋งˆ์„์˜ ์•„์ง€ํŠธ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:16
Except the Oak Park pool,
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๋‹จ, ์˜คํฌ ํŒŒํฌ ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ์€
05:18
though it was funded by all of Montgomery citizens,
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๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์„ธ๊ธˆ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„ ์‹œ์„ค์ž„์—๋„
05:21
was for whites only.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ๋งŒ ๋นผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:24
When a federal court finally deemed this unconstitutional,
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๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ•์›์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ—Œ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๊ฒฐํ•˜์ž
05:28
the reaction of the town council was swift.
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๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ ์‹œ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์ธ ๋Œ€์‘์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Effective January 1, 1959,
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1959๋…„ 1์›” 1์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ
05:36
they decided they would drain the public pool
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์‹œ์˜ํšŒ๋Š” ํ‘์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ’€์žฅ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ•˜๋Š๋‹ˆ
05:41
rather than let black families swim, too.
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์ฐจ๋ผ๋ฆฌ ํ’€์žฅ์„ ๋ฐฐ์ˆ˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
05:48
This destruction of public goods
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต์‹œ์„ค ํ›ผ์†์€ ๋น„๋‹จ ๋‚จ๋ถ€ ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
05:52
was replicated across the country
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05:54
in towns not just in the South.
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๋ฏธ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:57
Towns closed their public parks, pools and schools,
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์ธ์ข…๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๊ธˆ์ง€๋ช…๋ น์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์‘์œผ๋กœ ์ง€์—ญ ๊ณต์›, ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ, ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€ ํ์‡„๋˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด
06:01
all in response to desegregation orders,
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1960๋…„๋Œ€ ๋‚ด๋‚ด ์ง€์†๋์–ด์š”.
06:04
all throughout the 1960s.
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06:06
In Montgomery, they shut down the entire Parks Department
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๋ชฝ๊ณ ๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์‹œ์—์„  ๊ณต์›๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ถ€๊ฐ€ 10๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ „๋ฉด ํ์‡„๋๊ณ 
06:09
for a decade.
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06:11
They closed the recreation centers,
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๋ฌธํ™”์„ผํ„ฐ๋„ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:13
they even sold off the animals in the zoo.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋™๋ฌผ์›์˜ ๋™๋ฌผ๋“ค๋งˆ์ € ํ—๊ฐ’์— ํŒ”์•„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
Today, you can walk the grounds of Oak Park, as I did,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์˜คํฌ ํŒŒํฌ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์ € ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:23
but very few people do.
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๋ง‰์ƒ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ๋“œ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
They never rebuilt the pool.
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๋๋๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์˜์žฅ ์žฌ๊ฑด์€ ์ด๋ค„์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
06:29
Racism has a cost for everyone.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
I remember having that same thought on September 15, 2008,
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2008๋…„ 9์›” 15์ผ์—๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
06:39
when I learned the breaking news that Lehman Brothers was collapsing.
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๋‹น์‹œ ์†๋ณด๋กœ ๋ฆฌ๋จผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋”์Šค ํŒŒ์‚ฐ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์ ‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
06:42
Now Lehman was,
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๋‹น์‹œ ๋ฆฌ๋จผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ๋”์Šค๋Š” ์ดํ›„ ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•œ ํƒ€ ๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ
06:44
like the other financial firms that would go under in the coming days,
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06:48
done in by overexposure to a toxic financial instrument
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๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๊ธˆ์œต์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌด๋„ˆ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
06:52
based on something that used to be simple and safe --
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์ด์ „์—” ๋ณต์žกํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ–ˆ๋˜
06:55
a 30-year fixed-rate home loan.
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30๋…„ ๊ณ ์ •๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
06:59
But the mortgages at the center and the root of the financial crisis
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ด์ž ์ฃผ์›์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ์ด ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ๋“ค์—”
07:03
had strange new terms.
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์ƒ์†Œํ•œ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:06
And they were developed and aggressively marketed for years
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด ํŠนํžˆ ํ‘์ธ ์ค‘์‚ฐ์ธต ์ง€์—ญ์—์„œ
07:10
in black and brown middle-class communities,
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์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ํ™๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ค„์กŒ์–ด์š”.
07:13
like the one that I visited when I met a homeowner named Glenn.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”๋˜ ๊ธ€๋ Œ์˜ ์ง‘๋„ ๊ทธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜€๊ณ ์š”.
07:18
Glenn had owned a home
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ํด๋ฆฌ๋ธ”๋žœ๋“œ์˜ ๋งˆ์šดํŠธ ํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ „ํŠธ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ˆ˜๊ธธ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ธ€๋ Œ์˜ ์ง‘์€
07:20
on a leafy street in the Mount Pleasant neighborhood of Cleveland
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07:24
for over a decade.
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๊ทธ๊ฐ€ 10๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์†Œ์œ ํ•œ ์ง‘์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:26
But when I met him, he was near foreclosure.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ ๋‹น์‹œ ๊ธ€๋ Œ์˜ ์ง‘์€ ๊ฐ€์••๋ฅ˜ ์ง์ „์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
07:29
Like nearly all of his neighbors,
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ด์›ƒ์—๊ฒŒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ธ€๋ Œ์—๊ฒŒ๋„ ๊ทธ์˜ ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์ถฐ์ค„ ์ƒํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ
07:31
he'd received a knock on the door
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07:33
from a broker promising to refinance his mortgage.
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๊ฐˆ์•„ํƒ€๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค€๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋กœ์ปค๊ฐ€ ์ฐพ์•„์™”๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
But what the broker didn't tell him was that this was a new kind of mortgage.
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๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์„ค๋ช…ํ•ด ์ฃผ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:41
A mortgage with an inflated interest rate,
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๊ณ ๊ธˆ๋ฆฌ์— ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ƒํ™˜์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด
07:44
and a balloon payment
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ํ’์„  ๋Œ€์ถœ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:45
and a prepayment penalty if he tried to get out of it.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์ƒํ™˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ„์•ฝ๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
07:50
Now, the common misperception,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ”ํžˆ ์˜คํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
07:53
then and still today,
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07:56
is that people like Glenn were buying properties they couldn't afford.
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๊ธ€๋ Œ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ง‘์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
08:01
That they themselves were risky borrowers.
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๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ์ฑ„๋ฌด์ž๊ฐ€ ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
I saw how this stereotype made it harder for policymakers
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋… ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ์˜ ์›์ธ์„
08:11
to see the crisis for what it was
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์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํŒŒ์•…ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๊ณ  ์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์„ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋„ ๋†“์นœ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:14
back when we still had time to stop it.
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08:17
But that's all it was.
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๊ณ ์ •๊ด€๋…. ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—์š”.
08:19
A stereotype.
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08:21
The majority of subprime mortgages went to people who had good credit,
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๋น„์šฐ๋Ÿ‰์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์„ ์ง„ ๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๊ธ€๋ Œ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์‹ ์šฉ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์ด ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
08:26
like Glenn.
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08:27
And African Americans and Latinos were three times as likely --
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ๋ผํ‹ด๊ณ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ๋“ค ์—ญ์‹œ ์šฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์‹ ์šฉ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:32
even if they had good credit --
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08:34
than white people, to get sold these toxic loans.
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๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๊ฐ€์ž…ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐฑ์ธ์˜ 3๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋์–ด์š”.
08:37
The problem wasn't the borrower --
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๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋Œ€์ถœ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์˜€๋˜ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:39
the problem was the loan.
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08:43
After the crash,
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฒฝ์ œ์œ„๊ธฐ ์ดํ›„
08:45
most of the nation's big lenders, from Wells Fargo to Countrywide,
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์›ฐ์ŠคํŒŒ๊ณ , ์ปจํŠธ๋ฆฌ์™€์ด๋“œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค์ด
08:51
would go on to be fined for racial discrimination.
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์ธ์ข… ์ฐจ๋ณ„๋กœ ๋ฒŒ๊ธˆ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
08:54
But that realization came too late.
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๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์„ ๋• ์ด๋ฏธ ๋Šฆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:57
These loans, superprofitable for the lenders
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๊ธˆ์œต๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋“์„ ์ทจํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
09:00
but designed to fail for the borrowers,
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๋Œ€์ถœ์ž๋Š” ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋” ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ๋“ค์ด
09:02
spread out past the confines
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๊ธ€๋ Œ์˜ ๋™๋„ค๊ฐ™์€ ํ‘์ธ ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณ
09:04
of black and brown neighborhoods like Glenn's
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09:07
and into the wider, whiter mortgage market.
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์ฃผํƒ ์‹œ์žฅ์—๊นŒ์ง€ ํญ๋„“๊ฒŒ ๋ป—์–ด๊ฐ„ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
09:12
All of the nation's big Wall Street firms bet on these loans.
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๋ชจ๋“  ์›”์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌํŠธ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ๊ธˆ์œต ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ƒํ’ˆ์— ๋ฒ ํŒ…ํ•˜๊ณ 
09:16
At its peak,
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๋Œ€์ถœ์ด ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•,
09:17
one out of every five mortgages in the country was in this mold,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ 5๋ช… ์ค‘ 1๋ช…์€ ๋น„์šฐ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฃผํƒ๋‹ด๋ณด๋Œ€์ถœ์ž์˜€์–ด์š”.
09:21
and the crisis,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋™๋ฃŒ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง„์ž‘์— ์˜ˆ์ƒํ•œ ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋Š”
09:23
the crisis that my colleagues and I saw coming ...
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09:28
would go on to cost us all.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…ํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ž…ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:31
Nineteen trillion in lost wealth.
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19์กฐ์›์˜ ์ž์‚ฐ์ด ์ฆ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Pensions, home equity, savings.
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์—ฐ๊ธˆ, ์ฃผํƒ์ž์‚ฐ, ์ €์ถ•์ด ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ 
09:40
Eight million jobs vanished.
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800๋งŒ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ผ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
A home-ownership rate that has never recovered.
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์ฃผํƒ ๋ณด์œ ์œจ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์กŒ์ฃ .
09:51
My years of advocating in vain for homeowners like Glenn
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๊ธ€๋ Œ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋Œ€์ถœ ํ”ผํ•ด์ž๋ฅผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฐ์‹ค์„ ๋ชป ๋งบ์€
์ œ ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ํ™œ๋™ ๋์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฐ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€
09:55
left me convinced:
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09:57
we would not have had a financial crisis if it weren't for racism.
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์œต ์œ„๊ธฐ๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
In 2017, I traveled to Mississippi,
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2017๋…„์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ์— ๊ฐ”์„ ๋•Œ
10:08
where a group of auto-factory workers was trying to organize into a union.
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ ๊ณต์žฅ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ๋…ธ์กฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:13
Now the benefits they were fighting for --
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์ž„๊ธˆ ์ธ์ƒ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ณดํ—˜ ํ˜œํƒ ํ™•๋Œ€, ์—ฐ๊ธˆ ์‹คํ˜„์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์˜€์–ด์š”.
10:15
higher pay, better health care coverage,
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10:18
a real pension --
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10:19
they would have helped everybody at the plant.
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๊ทธ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋กœ์šด ํ˜œํƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
10:22
But in person after person that I talked to --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋งˆ๋‹ค
10:25
white, black, for the union, against the union --
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๋ฐฑ์ธ, ํ‘์ธ, ๋…ธ์กฐ ์ฐฌ์„ฑ์ž๋‚˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž ๊ฐ€๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ ์—†์ด
์ธ์ข…์„ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์‚ผ์•˜์–ด์š”.
10:29
race kept coming up.
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10:32
A white man named Joey put it this way.
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์กฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:34
He said,
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10:36
"White workers think I ain't voting yes if the blacks are voting yes.
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"ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๋˜์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ๊ณ ,
10:41
If the blacks are for it, I'm against it."
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ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์ด ์ฐฌ์„ฑํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์ธ์€ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํ•  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
10:44
A white man named Chip told me,
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋‚จ์„ฑ์ธ ์นฉ์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
10:47
"The idea is that if you uplift black people,
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"ํ‘์ธ๋“ค์„ ๊ธฐ์˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฑ์ธ์„ ์šฐ์šธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”."
10:50
you're downing white people."
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10:52
It's like the world's got this crab-in-a-barrel mentality.
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๋‹ค๋“ค '๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋ชป ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ๋„ˆ๋„ ๋ชป ๊ฐ€์ ธ' ๋ผ๋Š” ์‹์˜ ํƒœ๋„๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์คฌ์–ด์š”.
10:57
Now, the union vote failed.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋…ธ์กฐ ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์€ ๊ฒฐ๋ ฌ๋๊ณ 
11:00
Wages at the plant are still lower than their unionized peers',
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๊ทธ๊ณณ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž„๊ธˆ์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋…ธ์กฐ ๊ฐ€์ž… ์ง‘๋‹จ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉฐ
11:05
and people there still worry about their health care.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋ณดํ—˜์„ ๊ฑฑ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
You know, it's tempting, perhaps,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏธ์‹œ์‹œํ”ผ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์  ํƒœ๋„์—
11:12
to focus on the prejudiced attitudes
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11:16
of the men and the workers that I heard in Mississippi.
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์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋งž์ถ”๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
11:19
But I'm more interested in holding accountable
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์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ๋ฏฟ์„๋งŒํผ ์ ˆ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ณด๋‹จ
11:22
the people who are selling racist ideas for their profit
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๋ณธ์ธ์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ธ์ข…์ฐจ๋ณ„์  ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํŒŒ๋Š” ์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ
11:26
than those who are desperate enough to buy it.
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์ฑ…์ž„์„ ๋ฌป๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
11:31
My travels also took me to places
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ํ•œํŽธ ์ „๊ตญ์„ ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
11:33
where I saw, however, that it doesn't have to be this way.
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์ด๋ž˜์•ผ ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค€ ๊ณณ๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
11:36
I went to Maine, the whitest state in the nation,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋น„์œจ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋ฉ”์ธ ์ฃผ์— ๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
the oldest,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ณ ๋ นํ™”๋œ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์ž ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๊ฐ€ ์ถœ์ƒ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
11:41
where there are more deaths every year than births,
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11:43
and I went to this dying mill town called Lewiston
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๋‹ค ์ฃฝ์–ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œ์กฐ ๊ณต์žฅ ๋„์‹œ์ธ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šคํ„ด์— ์ฐพ์•„๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
11:48
that is being revitalized by new people --
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ™œ๋ ฅ์„ ๋˜์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:51
mostly African, mostly Muslim,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ธ์ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์Šฌ๋ฆผ๋“ค์ธ ์ด๋“ค์€
11:54
immigrants and refugees.
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์ถœ์‹ ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
11:56
There, I met a woman named Cecile,
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ์‹ค์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•œ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์„ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ๋Š”๋ฐ
11:58
whose parents had been part of the last wave of new people
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๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค๊ณ„ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ๋“ค๋กœ
๋ฃจ์ด์Šคํ„ด ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๋ถ ๋ง‰๋ฐ”์ง€์— ์ด ๊ณณ์— ์™”๊ณ 
12:02
to come to Lewiston.
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12:03
These are French-Canadian millworkers at the turn of the century.
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21์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๋ฌด๋ ต ์ œ์กฐ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋กœ ๊ณ„์…จ์ฃ .
12:08
Cecile is retired, but she had found a new purpose in life,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์€ํ‡ดํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ตœ๊ทผ ์‚ถ์˜ ์ƒˆ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์ฐพ์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
12:11
by organizing Congolese refugees
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์ฝฉ๊ณ  ์ถœ์‹  ๋‚œ๋ฏผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฉ”์ธ์˜ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์€ํ‡ด์ž๋“ค์ด
12:15
to join with the white retirees at the Franco Heritage Center.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์ฝ” ํ—ค๋ฆฌํ‹ฐ์ง€ ์„ผํ„ฐ์—์„œ ๋ชจ์ž„์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์ตœํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ด์—์š”.
12:19
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:21
These men and women from the Congo
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์ด ๋ชจ์ž„์˜ ์ฝฉ๊ณ ์ธ๋“ค์€
12:24
were helping these retirees remember the French
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๋ฐฑ์ธ ์€ํ‡ด์ž๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ค„๊ณง ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜
12:27
that they hadn't spoken since their childhoods.
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ง์„ ์žŠ์ง€ ์•Š๋„๋ก ๋•๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
And together, these two communities helped each other feel at home.
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์ด ๋‘ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์„œ๋กœ ํŽธํžˆ ์ง€๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:37
You know, for all the political talk
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์ด๋ฏผ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์†์‹ค์„ ์ž…ํžŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜จ๊ฐ– ์ •์น˜์  ๋ฐœ์–ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
12:39
about the newcomers being a drain on the town,
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12:42
a bipartisan think tank found that the local refugee community there
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ํ•œ ์ดˆ๋‹น์  ์‹ฑํฌํƒฑํฌ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
๋ฃจ์ด์Šคํ„ด ์ง€์—ญ ๋‚œ๋ฏผ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฑฐ๋‘ฌ๋“ค์ธ ์„ธ์ˆ˜๋Š” 4์ฒœ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ณ 
12:48
created 40 million dollars in tax revenue,
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12:50
and 130 million in income.
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์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ด ์†Œ๋“์€ 1์ฒœ 3๋ฐฑ๋งŒ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
And I talked to the town administrator,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋ฃจ์ด์Šคํ„ด์‹œ ํ–‰์ •๊ด€๊ณผ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆด์„ ๋•Œ
12:55
who was boasting about the fact that Lewiston was building a new school,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค์ด ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„๋•Œ
12:58
when all the rest of towns like theirs in Maine
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๋ฃจ์ด์Šคํ„ด์€ ์ƒˆ ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง“๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉฐ ์ž๋ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
was closing them.
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13:03
You know, it costs us so much to remain divided.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํŽธ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด๋ฉด ์žƒ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
This zero-sum thinking,
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ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•œ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ํฌ์ƒ๋˜๋Š”
13:10
that's what's good for one group has to come at the expense of another,
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13:13
it's what's gotten us into this mess.
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์ด ์ œ๋กœ์„ฌ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฐฉ์‹์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:15
I believe it's time to reject that old paradigm
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ๋‚ก์€ ์ธ์‹ ์ฒด๊ณ„์—์„œ ๋ฒ—์–ด๋‚˜
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์šด๋ช…์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์„ ๋•Œ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
and realize that our fates are linked.
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13:23
An injury to one is an injury to all.
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ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์˜ ์ƒ์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:30
You know, we have a choice.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
Our nation was founded on a belief in a hierarchy of human value.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜์— ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์œ„์— ์„ธ์›Œ์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ
13:39
But we are about to be a country with no racial majority.
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์ธ์ข…์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
So we can keep pretending like we're not all on the same team.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šด๋ช… ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์ด์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
We can keep sabotaging our success
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์น˜๊ณ 
13:51
and hamstringing our own players.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฃผ์ฒด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๋“ ๊ฐ€์š”.
13:54
Or we can let the proximity of so much difference
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ์ ‘ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
13:59
reveal our common humanity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€๋‹Œ ์ธ๊ฐ„์• ๋ฅผ ๋“œ๋Ÿฌ๋‚ด๊ณ 
14:02
And we can finally invest in our greatest asset.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž์‚ฐ์— ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:07
Our people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
14:09
All of our people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์š”.
14:13
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
14:14
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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