How the West can adapt to a rising Asia | Kishore Mahbubani

525,157 views

2019-09-22 ・ TED


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How the West can adapt to a rising Asia | Kishore Mahbubani

525,157 views ・ 2019-09-22

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Yunjung Nam κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:12
About 200 years ago,
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μ•½ 200λ…„ μ „,
00:16
Napoleon famously warned ...
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λ‚˜ν΄λ ˆμ˜Ήμ€ 유λͺ…ν•œ κ²½κ³ λ₯Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
00:21
He said, "Let China sleep,
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"쀑ꡭ을 μž λ“€κ²Œ 둬라.
00:25
for when she wakes,
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쀑ꡭ이 κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚˜λ©΄
00:28
she will shake the world."
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세상을 λ’€ν”λ“€μ§€λ‹ˆ."
00:31
Despite this early warning,
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이런 μ‘°κΈ° 경고에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ ,
00:34
the West chose to go to sleep
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μ„œμ–‘ ꡭ가듀은
00:37
at precisely the moment when China and India
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쀑ꡭ, 인도, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ•„μ‹œμ•„ ꡭ가듀이 κΉ¨μ–΄λ‚œ λ°”λ‘œ κ·Έ μ‹œμ μ—
00:41
and the rest of Asia woke up.
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μž λ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Why did this happen?
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μ™œ 이런 일이 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μ„κΉŒμš”?
00:47
I'm here to address this great mystery.
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μ €λŠ” 이 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ 비밀에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•˜κ³ μž 이 μžλ¦¬μ— μ„°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:51
Now what do I mean when I say the West chose to go to sleep?
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μ œκ°€ "μ„œμ–‘μ΄ μž λ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆλ‹€"κ³  ν•œ 건 무슨 λœ»μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:55
Here I'm referring to the failure of the West
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μ œκ°€ λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것은 μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ‹€νŒ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
to react intelligently and thoughtfully
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ κ·€ν™˜μœΌλ‘œ λ²Œμ–΄μ§„ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세계 ν™˜κ²½μ—
01:03
to a new world environment that's obviously been created
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λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•˜κ³  μ‹ μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ λŒ€μ‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ μ‹€νŒ¨ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
by the return of Asia.
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01:09
As a friend of the West I feel anguished by this,
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μ„œκ΅¬ μ‚¬λžŒμΈ μ €λŠ” 이 문제둜 κ³ λ‡Œμ— λΉ μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
so my goal to today is to try to help the West.
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ 였늘 μ €μ˜ λͺ©ν‘œλŠ” μ„œκ΅¬λ₯Ό λ„μ™€μ£ΌλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
But I have to begin the story first
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¨Όμ € 이 μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘μ„ ν•΄μ•Όκ² μ–΄μš”.
01:20
by talking about how the West actually woke up the rest of the world.
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μ„œκ΅¬κ°€ μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 세계λ₯Ό κΉ¨μ› λŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
01:26
Look at chart one.
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첫 번째 ν‘œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œμ£ .
01:29
From the year one through the year 1820,
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1λ…„λΆ€ν„° 1820λ…„κΉŒμ§€
01:34
the two largest economies of the world were always those of China and India.
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μ„Έκ³„μ˜ μ–‘λŒ€ κ²½μ œλŒ€κ΅­μ€ μ–Έμ œλ‚˜ 쀑ꡭ과 μΈλ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
So it's only in the last 200 years that Europe took off,
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유럽이 λΆ€μƒν•˜κ³ , κ·Έ ν›„ 뢁아메리카가 λΆ€μƒν•œ 것은
01:47
followed by North America.
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뢈과 졜근 200년밖에 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
01:50
So the past 200 years of world history
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μ„Έκ³„μ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ§€λ‚œ 200년은
01:54
have therefore been a major historical aberration.
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큰 역사적 μΌνƒˆμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
All aberrations come to a natural end
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λͺ¨λ“  μΌνƒˆμ€ μžμ—°μ μœΌλ‘œ λλ‚˜κ²Œ 되죠.
02:04
and this is what we are seeing.
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λ°”λ‘œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 보고 μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
And if you look at chart two,
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두 번째 ν‘œλ₯Ό λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄,
02:08
you'll see how quickly and how forcefully
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쀑ꡭ과 인도가 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΉ λ₯΄κ³  κ°•λ ₯ν•˜κ²Œ
02:13
China and India are coming back.
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제자리둜 λŒμ•„μ˜€κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€ μ•Œ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
The big question is:
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μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
02:20
Who woke up China and India?
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λˆ„κ°€ 쀑ꡭ과 인도λ₯Ό κΉ¨μ› λƒλŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
The only honest answer to this question is that it was Western civilization
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이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ μœ μΌν•œ μ†”μ§ν•œ 닡변은
02:30
that did so.
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μ„œκ΅¬ λ¬Έλͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
We all know that the West was the first to successfully modernize,
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μ„œμ–‘μ΄ 졜초둜 ν˜„λŒ€ν™”μ— μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆκ³  슀슀둜λ₯Ό λ³€ν˜μ‹œν‚¨ 것은 λͺ¨λ‘ μ•Œκ³  있죠.
02:35
transform itself;
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02:37
initially it used its power to colonize and dominate the world.
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μ΄ˆμ°½κΈ°μ—λŠ” μ„œμ–‘μ΄ 세계λ₯Ό μ‹λ―Όμ§€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μ§€λ°°ν•˜λŠ”λ° κ·Έ νž˜μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
But over time, it shared the gifts of Western wisdom
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ§€λ‚˜λ©΄μ„œ, μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ§€ν˜œλΌλŠ” 선물을 λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀과도 κ³΅μœ ν•˜κ²Œ 됐죠.
02:46
with the rest of the world.
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02:48
Let me add here that I have personally benefited
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨ μ œκ°€ μ–»κ²Œ 된 개인적인 이읡을
02:52
from the sharing of Western wisdom.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ•Œλ €λ“œλ¦΄κ²Œμš”.
02:55
When I was born in Singapore,
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μ œκ°€ 싱가포λ₯΄μ—μ„œ νƒœμ–΄λ‚¬μ„ λ•Œ
02:57
which was then a poor British colony,
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1948λ…„ 싱가포λ₯΄λŠ” κ°€λ‚œν•œ 영ꡭ의 μ‹λ―Όμ§€μ˜€μ£ .
03:00
in 1948,
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03:01
I experienced, like three-quarters of humanity then,
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μ €λŠ” λ‹Ήμ‹œ 인λ₯˜ 4λΆ„μ˜ 3이 κ·Έλž¬λ“―
03:06
extreme poverty.
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κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ κ°€λ‚œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
Indeed, on the first day when I went to school
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ, 6μ‚΄ λ•Œ 학ꡐλ₯Ό κ°„ 첫날에
03:11
at the age of six,
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03:12
I was put in a special feeding program
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νŠΉλ³„ 식사 지원 ν”„λ‘œκ·Έλž¨μ— ν¬ν•¨λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”λ°
03:15
because I was technically undernourished.
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μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜μ–‘ 결핍 μƒνƒœμ˜€κ±°λ“ μš”.
03:19
Now as you can see I'm overnourished.
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μ§€κΈˆμ€ μ˜μ–‘ κ³Όμž‰μΈ κ±° λ³΄μ΄μ‹œμ£ .
03:21
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:23
But the greatest gift I got was that of Western education.
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그런데 μ œκ°€ 받은 졜고의 선물은 λ°”λ‘œ μ„œμ–‘μ‹ κ΅μœ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Now since I've personally traveled this journey
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μ œκ°€ 개인적으둜 직접 제3 μ„Έκ³„μ˜ κ°€λ‚œμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„°
03:34
from third world poverty to a comfortable middle-class existence,
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νŽΈμ•ˆν•œ μ€‘μ‚°μΈ΅μ˜ 삢에 λ„λ‹¬ν•˜λŠ” 여정을 κ²ͺμ–΄ λ³΄μ•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
03:40
I can speak with great conviction about the impact of Western wisdom
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μ €λŠ” μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ§€ν˜œμ˜ 영ν–₯λ ₯κ³Ό κ·Έ μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό 세상과 κ³΅μœ ν•œ 것에 λŒ€ν•΄
03:45
and the sharing of Western wisdom with the world.
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λŒ€λ‹¨ν•œ 확신을 가지고 μ–˜κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
And one particular gift that the West shared
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μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„κ°€ κ³΅μœ ν•œ νŠΉλ³„ν•œ μ„ λ¬Ό ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”,
03:53
was the art of reasoning.
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이성적 μΆ”λ‘ μ΄λΌλŠ” κΈ°μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
Now reasoning was not invented by the West.
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그건 μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„κ°€ 발λͺ…ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:58
It's inherent in all cultures and civilizations.
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λͺ¨λ“  문화와 λ¬Έλͺ…에 λ‚΄μž¬λœ 것이죠.
04:02
Amartya Sen has described how deeply embedded it is in Indian civilization.
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μ•„λ§ˆλ₯΄ν‹°μ•„ 센은 인도 λ¬Έλͺ…μ—μ„œ 그것이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 깊게 λ‚΄μž¬λ˜μ—ˆλŠ”μ§€ λ¬˜μ‚¬ν–ˆμ£ .
04:10
Yet there's also no doubt
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„κ°€ 이성적 좔둠을
04:12
that it was the West that carried the art of reasoning
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더 높은 경지에 올렀 놓은 κ²ƒμ—λŠ”
04:16
to a much higher level.
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μ˜μ‹¬μ˜ 여지가 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:18
And through the Scientific Revolution,
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κ³Όν•™ν˜λͺ…κ³Ό
04:20
the Enlightenment,
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계λͺ½μ£Όμ˜,
04:22
the Industrial Revolution,
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μ‚°μ—…ν˜λͺ…을 거쳐
04:24
the West really raised it forcefully,
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ 이성적 μΆ”λ‘ μ˜ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό 힘껏 λ“œλ†’μ˜€μœΌλ©°,
04:28
and equally importantly used this,
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 그것을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ³ , μ‹€μ œμ μΈ 문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•˜λŠ”λ°
04:31
applied it to solve many major practical problems.
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그것을 μ μš©ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 사싀도 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•˜μ£ .
04:37
And the West then shared this art of applied reasoning
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌλ“€κ³Ό 이성적 μΆ”λ‘ μ˜ μ‘μš© κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ³΅μœ ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
with the rest of the world,
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04:43
and I can tell you that it led
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그리고 μ œκ°€ 말씀 λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” 건,
04:46
to what I call three silent revolutions.
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그것이 μ„Έ 가지 μ‘°μš©ν•œ 혁λͺ…을 μΌμœΌμΌ°λ‹€λŠ” μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:50
And as an Asian,
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„μΈμœΌλ‘œμ„œ,
04:52
I can describe how these silent revolutions transformed Asia.
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 이 μ‘°μš©ν•œ 혁λͺ…이 μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ₯Ό λ³€ν™”μ‹œμΌ°λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
05:00
The first revolution was in economics.
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첫 번째 혁λͺ…은 경제혁λͺ…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:04
The main reason why so many Asian economies,
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쀑ꡭ과 λ² νŠΈλ‚¨κ³Ό 같은 κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
05:09
including the communist societies of China and Vietnam,
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λ§Žμ€ μ•„μ‹œμ•„ κ²½μ œκ°€ 경제 λ°œμ „μ— μžˆμ–΄μ„œ
05:14
have performed so spectacularly well in economic development,
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λ†€λΌμšΈ μ •λ„μ˜ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여주고 μžˆλŠ” 주된 μ΄μœ λŠ”
05:19
is because they finally understood, absorbed and are implementing
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그듀이 λΉ„λ‘œμ†Œ μžμœ μ‹œμž₯경제λ₯Ό μ΄ν•΄ν•˜κ³ , ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜μ—¬ μ‹€μ²œν•˜κ³  있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:23
free market economics --
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05:26
a gift from the West.
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그것은 μ„œμ–‘μ˜ 선물이죠.
05:27
Adam Smith was right.
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μ•„λ‹΄ μŠ€λ―ΈμŠ€κ°€ λ§žμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:29
If you let markets decide,
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μ‹œμž₯이 κ²°μ •ν•˜λ„λ‘ 두면
05:32
productivity goes up.
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생산성은 μ¦κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:35
The second gift was psychological.
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두 번째 선물은 심리적인 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:39
Here too I can speak from personal experience.
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이것 λ˜ν•œ 제 개인적인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦¬μ£ .
05:43
When I was young,
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μ œκ°€ 어렸을 λ•Œ,
05:45
my mother and her generation believed
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저희 μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ κ·Έ μ„ΈλŒ€λΆ„λ“€μ€
05:49
that life was determined by fate.
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인생은 운λͺ…에 μ˜ν•΄ κ²°μ •λœλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμ£ .
05:53
You couldn't do anything about it.
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μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œλŠ” 아무것도 ν•  수 μ—†κ³ μš”.
05:56
My generation
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μ œκ°€ μ†ν•œ μ„ΈλŒ€μ™€
05:57
and the generation of Asians after me,
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λ’· μ„ΈλŒ€μ˜ μ•„μ‹œμ•„μΈλ“€μ€
06:00
believe that we can take charge
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우리 μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€ μ±…μž„μ„ 지고
06:02
and we can improve our lives.
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삢을 ν–₯μƒμ‹œν‚¬ 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
And this may explain, for example,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ•„μ‹œμ•„ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œ
06:07
the spike of entrepreneurship you see all throughout Asia today.
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λͺ©κ²©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κΈ°μ—…κ°€ μ •μ‹ μ˜ 급증이 λ°”λ‘œ κ·ΈλŸ¬ν•œ 믿음 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
06:13
And if you travel through Asia today,
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μš”μ¦˜ μ•„μ‹œμ•„λ₯Ό μ—¬ν–‰ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄,
06:16
you will also see the results of the third revolution:
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μ„Έ 번째 혁λͺ…μ˜ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λͺ©κ²©ν•˜μ‹€ κ±°μ˜ˆμš”.
06:23
the revolution of good governance.
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즉, 쒋은 ν†΅μΉ˜λΌλŠ” 혁λͺ…이죠.
06:27
Now as a result of good governance --
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ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ ν†΅μΉ˜μ˜ 결과둜
06:30
travel in Asia,
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μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ— κ°€λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄,
06:31
you see better health care,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 의료 λ³΄ν—˜ μ œλ„,
06:34
better education,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ ꡐ윑,
06:36
better infrastructure,
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더 λ‚˜μ€ κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€,
06:38
better public policies.
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더 λ‚˜μ€ 곡곡정책을 보싀 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:40
It's a different world.
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μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ 세상이죠.
06:42
Now having transformed the world
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μ„œμ–‘μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό μ§€ν˜œλ₯Ό κ³΅μœ ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
06:45
through the sharing of Western wisdom with the rest of the world,
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세상은 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ³€ν™”ν–ˆκ³ ,
06:49
the logical and rational response of the West should have been
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ 논리적이고 이성적인 λ°˜μ‘μ€ 사싀
06:54
to say, "Hey, we have to adjust and adapt to this new world."
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"우리 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 세계에 적응해야 ν•  것 κ°™μ•„." 라고 λ§ν•˜λŠ” 것일텐데
06:59
Instead, the West chose to go to sleep.
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μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„λŠ” λŒ€μ‹  μž λ“€κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„ νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:04
Why did it happen?
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μ™œ κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 된 κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
07:06
I believe it happened
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ 두 가지 큰 사건 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
07:09
because the West became distracted with two major events.
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집쀑을 ν•  수 μ—†μ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄λΌκ³  μ €λŠ” μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:16
The first event was the end of the Cold War.
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첫 번째 사건은 λ°”λ‘œ λƒ‰μ „μ˜ μ’…μ‹μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
Yes, the end of the Cold War was a great victory.
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λƒ‰μ „μ˜ 쒅식은 큰 μŠΉλ¦¬μ˜€μ–΄μš”.
07:27
The West defeated the mighty Soviet Union without firing a shot.
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ†ŒλΉ„μ—νŠΈ 연방을 λŒ€ν¬ ν•œλ°œ μ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  νŒ¨λ°°μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:32
Amazing.
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λ†€λΌμš΄ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
07:34
But you know, when you have a great victory like this,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이런 큰 승리λ₯Ό κ±°λ‘˜ λ•Œ
07:38
it also leads to arrogance and hubris.
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κ·Έ μŠΉλ¦¬λŠ” 였만과 μžλ§Œμ‹¬μœΌλ‘œ μ΄μ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:43
And this hubris was best captured in a very famous essay
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이 μžλ§Œμ‹¬μ€ ν”„λžœμ‹œμŠ€ ν›„μΏ μ•Όλ§ˆμ˜ "μ—­μ‚¬μ˜ 쒅말"μ΄λΌλŠ”
07:48
by Francis Fukuyama
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유λͺ…ν•œ 논문에 잘 λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:50
called "The End of History?"
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07:54
Now, Fukuyama was putting across a very sophisticated message,
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ν›„μΏ μ•Όλ§ˆλŠ” ꡉμž₯히 μ •κ΅ν•œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€λ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:00
but all that the West heard from this essay
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ„œμ–‘μ΄ 그의 λ…Όλ¬Έμ—μ„œ 듀은 λ‚΄μš©μ€
08:03
was that we, the liberal democracies,
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'자유 민주주의 ꡭ가듀은
08:07
we have succeeded,
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이미 μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆκ³ ,
08:09
we don't have to change,
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λ³€ν™”ν•  ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†κ³ ,
08:11
we don't have to adapt,
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적응할 ν•„μš”κ°€ μ—†λ‹€.
08:12
it's only the rest of the world that has to change and adapt.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀이 λ³€ν™”ν•˜κ³  μ μ‘ν•˜λ©΄ λœλ‹€' λΌλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:18
Unfortunately, like a dangerous opiate,
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λΆˆν–‰νžˆλ„, μœ„ν—˜ν•œ μ•„νŽΈμ²˜λŸΌ,
08:22
this essay did a lot of brain damage to the West
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이 논문은 μ„œμ–‘ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 생각에 큰 손상을 쀬죠.
08:26
because it put them to sleep
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쀑ꡭ과 인도가 μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ κ·Έλ•Œ,
08:28
just at precisely the moment when China and India were waking up
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μ„œμ–‘μ„ μž λ“€κ²Œ ν•˜μ˜€κ³ ,
08:33
and the West didn't adjust and adapt.
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ 적응을 ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
08:37
The second major event was 9/11,
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두 번째 사건은 λ°”λ‘œ 2001년에 μΌμ–΄λ‚œ
08:41
which happened in 2001.
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9/11 ν…ŒλŸ¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:45
And as we know, 9/11 caused a lot of shock and grief.
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλ“―μ΄, 9/11은 좩격과 μŠ¬ν””μ„ μ•ˆκ²¨μ£Όμ—ˆμ£ .
08:51
I personally experienced the shock and grief
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μ €λŠ” μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ 좩격과 μŠ¬ν””μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
because I was in Manhattan when 9/11 happened.
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μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄ 9/11이 일어났을 λ•Œ λ§¨ν•˜νƒ„μ— μžˆμ—ˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
09:00
9/11 also generated a lot of anger,
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9/11 ν…ŒλŸ¬λŠ” λ§Žμ€ 뢄노도 λ‚³μ•˜μ£ .
09:04
and in this anger, the United States decided to invade Afghanistan
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이 λΆ„λ…Έ μ†μ—μ„œ, 미ꡭ은 μ•„ν”„κ°€λ‹ˆμŠ€νƒ„μ„ μΉ¨λž΅ν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆκ³ ,
09:09
and later, Iraq.
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μ΄μ–΄μ„œ 이라크도 μΉ¨λž΅ν–ˆμ£ .
09:12
And unfortunately,
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„,
09:16
partly as a result of this anger,
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λΆ„λ…Έμ˜ 결과의 μΌλΆ€λ‘œ
09:19
the West didn't notice the significance of another event
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μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„λŠ” 2001년에 μžˆμ—ˆλ˜ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬κ±΄μ˜ μ€‘μš”μ„±μ„ μ•Œμ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:24
that happened also in 2001.
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09:28
China joined the World Trade Organization.
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쀑ꡭ이 세계무역기ꡬ에 κ°€μž…ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:33
Now, when you suddenly inject
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세계적 자본주의 μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ—
09:36
900 million new workers
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κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 9μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜
09:40
into the global capitalist system,
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 노동 인λ ₯을 νˆ¬μž…ν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
09:44
it would naturally lead
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κ²½μ œν•™μžμΈ μ£ μ…‰ μŠ˜νŽ˜ν„°κ°€
09:45
to what the economist Joseph Schumpeter called creative destruction.
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창쑰적 파괴라고 λΆˆλ €λ˜ 일이 μžμ—°μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ 일어날 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
Western workers lost their jobs,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ—…μžκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆκ³ ,
09:57
they saw their incomes stagnate,
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μˆ˜μž…μ΄ 였λ₯΄μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” 것을 λͺ©λ„ν–ˆκΈ°μ—
10:01
clearly people had to think about new competitive policies,
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 경쟁λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” 정책에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ 생각해야 ν–ˆμ£ .
10:05
workers needed retraining,
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λ…Έλ™μžλ“€μ€ 재ꡐ윑이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆκ³ ,
10:07
workers needed new skills.
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 기술이 ν•„μš”ν–ˆμ£ .
10:09
None of this was done.
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κ·Έ 아무것도 행해지지 μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:12
So partly as a result of this,
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λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ” κ·Έ 결과둜
10:15
the United States of America became
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미ꡭ은 1980λ…„ λΆ€ν„° 2010λ…„κΉŒμ§€
10:17
the only major developed society
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μ§€λ‚œ 30λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
10:23
where the average income of the bottom 50 percent --
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ν•˜μœ„ 50%의
10:29
yes, 50 percent --
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λ„€, 정말 ν•˜μœ„ 50%의
10:33
average income went down over a 30-year period,
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ν‰κ· μˆ˜μž…μ΄ κ°μ†Œν•œ
10:38
from 1980 to 2010.
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μœ μΌν•œ 선진ꡭ이 λ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
10:43
So partly, as a result of this,
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λΆ€λΆ„μ μœΌλ‘œλŠ”, 이둜 인해,
10:47
it led eventually to the election of Donald Trump in 2016,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ 백인인 λ…Έλ™μž κ³„μΈ΅μ˜ λΆ„λ…Έλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•œ
10:53
who exploited the anger of the working classes,
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λ„λ„νŠΈ νŠΈλŸΌν”„κ°€ κ²°κ΅­ 2016λ…„
10:56
who are predominantly white.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ— λ‹Ήμ„ λ˜κ²Œ 되죠.
10:58
It also contributed to the rise of populism in Europe.
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그것은 λ˜ν•œ μœ λŸ½μ—μ„œμ˜ ν¬ν“°λ¦¬μ¦˜μ˜ μƒμŠΉμ—λ„ κ³΅ν—Œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:03
And one wonders,
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μ•„λ§ˆ κΆκΈˆν•΄ν•˜μ‹€ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:05
could this populism have been avoided
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λ§Œμ•½ μ„œμ–‘μ΄ λƒ‰μ „μ˜ 쒅식과 9/11 ν…ŒλŸ¬λ‘œ
11:07
if the West had not been distracted by the end of the Cold War and by 9/11?
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주의λ₯Ό 빼앗기지 μ•Šμ•˜λ”λΌλ©΄, 이 ν¬ν“°λ¦¬μ¦˜μ€ 막을 수 μžˆμ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μ„κΉŒ?
11:14
But the big question we face today is this:
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ§λ©΄ν•œ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ 있죠.
11:18
Is it too late?
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λ„ˆλ¬΄ λŠ¦μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‚˜?
11:20
Has the West lost everything?
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ 이미 λͺ¨λ“  것을 μžƒμ—ˆλ‚˜?
11:23
And my answer is that it's not too late.
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제 닡은 아직 λŠ¦μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ‹€ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
It is possible for the West to recover
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μ„œμ–‘μ„Έκ³„κ°€ νšŒλ³΅ν•˜κ³  λ‹€μ‹œ νž˜μ„ μ–»λŠ” 게 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:31
and come back in strength.
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11:34
And using the Western art of reasoning,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ 이성적 μΆ”λ‘ μ˜ κΈ°μˆ μ„ μ΄μš©ν•˜μ—¬
11:38
I would recommend that the West adopt a new "three-m" strategy:
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ "3-M" μ „λž΅μ„ λ„μž…ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό μΆ”μ²œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:43
minimalist, multilateral and Machiavellian.
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λ―Έλ‹ˆλ©€λ¦¬μ¦˜, 닀각적 ν˜‘λ ₯, ꢌλͺ¨μˆ μˆ˜μš”.
11:49
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
11:50
Why minimalist?
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μ™œ λ―Έλ‹ˆλ©€λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄ ν•„μš”ν• κΉŒμš”?
11:52
Now even though Western domination has ended,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ μ§€λ°°λŠ” 이미 끝이 λ‚¬μ§€λ§Œ,
11:56
the West continues to intervene and interfere in the affairs
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μ„œμ–‘μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ§Žμ€ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ λ¬Έμ œμ—
12:00
of many other societies.
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κ°œμž…μ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:02
This is unwise.
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이것은 ν˜„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:04
This is generating anger and resentment,
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이것은 뢄노와 λΆ„κ°œλ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:07
especially in Islamic societies.
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특히 이슬람 κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œμš”.
12:09
It's also draining the resources and spirits of Western societies.
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λ˜ν•œ μ„œμ–‘ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ μžμ›κ³Ό 정신을 κ³ κ°ˆμ‹œν‚€μ£ .
12:15
Now I know that the Islamic world
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이슬람 세계가 ν˜„λŒ€ν™”μ— 어렀움을 κ²ͺκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을
12:18
is having difficulties modernizing.
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μ €λŠ” μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:22
It will have to find its way,
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μ•„λ§ˆ 해결책을 μ°Ύμ•„μ•Ό 할텐데,
12:26
but it's more likely to do so if it is left alone to do so.
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μ•„λ§ˆ κ·Έλƒ₯ 내버렀 두면 해결책을 찾을 κ°€λŠ₯성이 더 크죠.
12:31
Now I can say this with some conviction because I come from a region,
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μ €λŠ” μ•„λž κ΅­κ°€λ“€λ§ŒνΌ λ§Žμ€ 이슬람 ꡐ도가 μžˆλŠ”
12:35
Southeast Asia,
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λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄κΈ°μ—
12:37
which has almost as many Muslims as the Arab world.
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확신을 κ°–κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:42
266 million Muslims.
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2μ–΅ 6천 6백만 λͺ…μ΄λ‚˜ μžˆκ±°λ“ μš”.
12:44
Southeast Asia is also one of the most diverse continents on planet earth,
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λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„λŠ” κ°€μž₯ 닀양성이 큰 λŒ€λ₯™ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄κΈ°λ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:47
because you also have 146 million Christians,
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1μ–΅ 4천 5백만λͺ…μ˜ κΈ°λ…κ΅μ‹ μž, λ§ˆν•˜μ•Όλ‚˜ λΆˆκ΅μ‹ μžμ™€
12:50
149 million Buddhists --
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νžˆλ‚˜μ•Όλ‚˜ λΆˆκ΅μ‹ μžλ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•œ
12:52
Mahayana Buddhists and Hinayana Buddhists --
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1μ–΅ 4천 9백만 λͺ…μ˜ λΆˆκ΅μ‹ μž,
12:55
and you also have millions of Taoists and Confucianists and Hindus
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수백만 λͺ…μ˜ λ„κ΅μ‹ μž, μœ κ΅μ‹ μž 및 νžŒλ‘κ΅μΈκ³Ό 심지어 κ³΅μ‚°μ£Όμ˜μžλ„ μžˆμœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
12:59
and even communists.
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13:02
And once known as "the Balkans of Asia,"
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ν•œλ•Œ "μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 발칸 지역"으둜 μ•Œλ €μ§„
13:05
southeast Asia today should be experiencing a clash of civilizations.
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λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ¬Έλͺ…μ˜ μΆ©λŒμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό λ§ˆλ•…ν•œλ°,
13:10
Instead, what you see in southeast Asia
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κ·Έ λŒ€μ‹ , λ™λ‚¨μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ—μ„œ μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ λͺ©κ²©ν•˜μ‹œλŠ” 것은
13:14
is one of the most peaceful and prosperous corners of planet earth
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μ§€κ΅¬μƒμ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 평화둭고 λ²ˆμ˜ν•˜λŠ” 지역 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ©°,
13:18
with the second-most successful regional multilateral organization,
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두 번째둜 성곡적인 지역 λ‹€μžκ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯ 기ꡬ인 μ•„μ„Έμ•ˆμ΄μ£ .
13:22
ASEAN.
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13:23
So clearly, minimalism can work.
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λͺ…λ°±νžˆ, λ―Έλ‹ˆλ©€λ¦¬μ¦˜μ€ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:26
The West should try it out.
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μ„œμ–‘ ꡭ가듀도 도전해봐야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:28
(Laughter)
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(μ›ƒμŒ)
13:30
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
13:35
But I'm also aware that minimalism cannot solve all the problems.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ―Έλ‹ˆλ©€λ¦¬μ¦˜μ΄ λͺ¨λ“  문제λ₯Ό ν•΄κ²°ν•  수 μ—†λŠ” 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:39
There are some hard problems that have to be dealt with:
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ν•΄κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•  μ–΄λ €μš΄ λ¬Έμ œλ“€μ΄ 있죠.
13:42
Al-Qaeda, ISIS --
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μ•ŒμΉ΄μ—λ‹€λ‚˜ ISISλŠ”
13:44
they remain dangerous threats.
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ μœ„ν—˜ν•˜κ³  μœ„ν˜‘μ μ΄μ£ .
13:47
They must be found, they must be destroyed.
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그듀은 λ°˜λ“œμ‹œ μƒ‰μΆœλ˜κ³  μ—†μ–΄μ Έμ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:50
The question is, is it wise for the West,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ¬Έμ œλŠ”
13:54
which represents 12 percent of the world's population --
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μ „ 세계 인ꡬ의 12%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜λŠ”,
13:57
yes, 12 percent --
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λ„€, 정말 12%μš”.
13:59
to fight these threats on its own
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μ„œμ–‘μ΄ κ·Έ μœ„ν˜‘μ— λŒ€ν•­ν•΄μ„œ μ‹Έμš°κ±°λ‚˜
14:01
or to fight with the remaining 88 percent of the world's population?
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ν˜Ήμ€ 전세계 인ꡬ의 λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 88νΌμ„ΌνŠΈμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” 것이 ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
14:05
And the logical and rational answer is
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논리적이고 이성적인 닡변은
14:08
that you should work with the remaining 88 percent.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 88%와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 것이죠.
14:11
Now where does one go
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 지지λ₯Ό λ°›κ³ μž ν•˜λ©΄
14:13
if you want to get the support of humanity?
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μ–΄λ””λ‘œ κ°€μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
14:15
There's only one place:
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μœ μΌν•œ λͺ©μ μ§€κ°€ 있죠.
14:17
the United Nations.
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λ°”λ‘œ μœ μ—”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:19
Now I've been ambassador to the UN twice.
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μ €λŠ” μœ μ—” λŒ€μ‚¬λ₯Ό 두 번 μ—­μž„ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:22
Maybe that makes me a bit biased,
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κ·Έ κ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ μ œκ°€ νŽΈκ²¬μ„ 가지고 μžˆμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
14:25
but I can tell you that working with the UN can lead to success.
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μœ μ—”κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯을 ν•˜λ©΄ 성곡할 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ§μ”€λ“œλ¦΄ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
14:30
Why is it that the first Iraq war,
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λ―Έκ΅­ 쑰지 λΆ€μ‹œ μ „ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ˜
14:32
fought by President George H. W. Bush,
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첫 번째 이라크 μ „μŸμ΄ μ™œ μ„±κ³΅ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:35
succeeded?
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14:36
While the second Iraq war,
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반면, κ·Έ 아듀인 쑰지 W λΆ€μ‹œμ˜
14:38
fought by his son, President George W. Bush,
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두 번째 이라크 μ „μŸμ€ μ™œ μ‹€νŒ¨ν–ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
14:41
failed?
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14:42
One key reason is that the senior Bush went to the UN
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주된 μ΄μœ λŠ” λ°”λ‘œ 아버지 λΆ€μ‹œλŠ” 이라크 μ „μŸ μ‹œμž‘ 전에
14:47
to get the support of the global community
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μ „ 지ꡬ적인 지지λ₯Ό μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
14:49
before fighting the war in Iraq.
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μœ μ—”μ„ μ°Ύμ•„ κ°”λ‹€λŠ” 점이죠.
14:52
So multilateralism works.
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닀각적 κ΅μ„­μ£Όμ˜λŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:55
There's another reason why we have to work with the UN.
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μœ μ—”κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ΄μœ κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:57
The world is shrinking.
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μ„Έκ³„λŠ” μ§€κΈˆ μž‘μ•„μ§€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
14:59
We are becoming a small, interdependent, global village.
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μž‘κ³ , 독립적인, 지ꡬ 곡동체가 λ˜μ–΄κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:05
All villages need village councils.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ§ˆμ„μ€ λ§ˆμ„ λ³€ν˜ΈμΈμ΄ ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:09
And the only global village counsel we have,
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 가진 μœ μΌν•œ μ§€κ΅¬μ΄Œμ˜ λ³€ν˜ΈμΈμ€
15:11
as the late UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said,
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μ „ μœ μ—” 사무총μž₯ μ½”ν”Ό μ•„λ‚œμ΄ μ–˜κΈ°ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
15:15
is the UN.
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λ°”λ‘œ μœ μ—”μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:18
Now as a geopolitical analyst,
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지정학 λΆ„μ„κ°€λ‘œμ„œ,
15:21
I do know that it's often considered naive
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μœ μ—”κ³Ό ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” μˆœμ§„ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ§€λŠ” 것도
15:27
to work with the UN.
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잘 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:29
So now let me inject my Machiavellian point.
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이제 λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬μ˜ μ£Όμž₯을 μ£Όμž…μ‹œμΌœλ³ΌκΉŒμš”.
15:34
Now Machiavelli is a figure who's often derided in the West,
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λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬λŠ” μ„œμ–‘μ—μ„œλŠ” μ’…μ’… 쑰둱의 λŒ€μƒμ΄ λ˜λŠ” μΈλ¬Όμ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
15:39
but the liberal philosopher Isaiah Berlin reminded us
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자유주의 철학가인 이사야 λ²Œλ¦°μ€ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μƒκΈ°μ‹œμΌœ μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
15:45
that the goal of Machiavelli was to promote virtue, not evil.
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λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬μ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ 악이 μ•„λ‹Œ, 선을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” 것 μ΄λΌκ³ μš”.
15:51
So what is the Machiavellian point?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬μ˜ μš”μ μ€ λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
15:54
It's this: what is the best way for the West
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λ°”λ‘œ '졜근 λΆ€μƒν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”
15:59
to constrain the new rising powers
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μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°•λŒ€κ΅­μ„ μ••λ°•ν•  수 μžˆλŠ”
16:02
that are emerging?
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κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒ?' μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:04
And the answer is that the best way to constrain them
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정닡은 λ°”λ‘œ 그듀을 μ–΅μ œν•  수 μžˆλŠ” κ°€μž₯ 쒋은 방법은
16:08
is through multilateral rules and multilateral norms,
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λ‹€μžκ°„ ν˜‘μ•½ν•œ κ·œμΉ™ 및 κ·œλ²”,
16:13
multilateral institutions
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닀ꡭ적 기ꡬ,
16:15
and multilateral processes.
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λ‹€μžκ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯ 과정을 ν†΅ν•΄μ„œ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:20
Now let me conclude with one final, big message.
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그럼 이제 μ΅œμ’…μ μœΌλ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ λ©”μ‹œμ§€μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ 결둠을 μ§€μœΌλ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:25
As a longtime friend of the West,
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μ„œμ–‘ κ΅­κ°€μ˜ 였랜 μΉœκ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ,
16:27
I'm acutely aware of how pessimistic Western societies have become.
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μ„œμ–‘ ꡭ가듀이 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΉ„κ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³€ν–ˆλŠ”μ§€ μ ˆμ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ μ˜μ‹ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:34
Many in the West don't believe that a great future lies ahead for them,
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μ„œμ–‘μ˜ λ§Žμ€ 이듀은 μ•žμ— 펼쳐질 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μ’‹λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
16:40
that their children will not have better lives.
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μžλ…€λ“€μ΄ μžμ‹ λ³΄λ‹€ 더 λ‚˜μ€ 삢을 살지 λͺ»ν•  거라고 μƒκ°ν•˜μ£ .
16:44
So please do not fear the future or the rest of the world.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 제발 λ―Έλž˜λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀을 λ‘λ €μ›Œν•˜μ§€ λ§ˆμ„Έμš”.
16:51
Now I can say this with some conviction,
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이건 μ œκ°€ 확신을 가지고 μ–˜κΈ°ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
16:54
because as a Hindu Sindhi,
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νžŒλ‘κ΅ μ‹ μžλ‘œμ„œ
16:59
I actually feel a direct cultural connection
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μ €λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 문화와 ν…Œν•˜λž€μ—μ„œ 도쿄에 이λ₯΄λŠ”
17:03
with society's diverse cultures
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λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬νšŒ κ°€μš΄λ° μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ
17:06
and societies all the way from Tehran to Tokyo.
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문화적 연결고리가 μžˆμŒμ„ μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 느끼기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:14
And more than half of humanity lives in this space,
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인λ₯˜μ˜ 절반 이상이 이곳에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:19
so with this direct cultural connection,
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이런 직접적인 문화적 연관성은
17:22
I can say with great conviction
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μ œκ°€ 확신을 가지고 λ§ν•˜κ±΄λ°,
17:25
that if the West chooses to adopt a wiser strategy
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μ„œμ–‘μ΄ λ―Έλ‹ˆλ©€λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈ 적이고, λ‹€μžκ°„ ν˜‘λ ₯을 μΆ”κ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , λ§ˆν‚€μ•„λ²¨λ¦¬μ μΈ
17:31
of being minimalist, multilateral and Machiavellian,
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아이디어λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λŠ” 더 ν˜„λͺ…ν•œ μ „λž΅μ„ μ±„νƒν•œλ‹€λ©΄,
17:36
the rest of the world will be happy to work with the West.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ λ‹€λ₯Έ ꡭ가듀도 μ„œμ–‘ ꡭ가와 ν•¨κ»˜ ν˜‘λ ₯ν•˜κΈ°λ₯Ό 원할 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:40
So a great future lies ahead for humanity.
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우리 인λ₯˜μ˜ μ•žλ‚ μ—λŠ” 밝은 λ―Έλž˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:45
Let's embrace it together.
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ν•¨κ»˜ κ·Έ 미래λ₯Ό λŒμ–΄ μ•ˆμμ‹œλ‹€.
17:47
Thank you.
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κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
17:48
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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