Bridges should be beautiful | Ian Firth

100,949 views ใƒป 2018-07-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: JY Kang ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
The world needs bridges.
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์„ธ์ƒ์€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:17
Have you ever thought about what it would be like not to have any?
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”?
00:21
It's hard to imagine a civilization without bridges
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—†๋Š” ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:25
because they're so essential
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ๊ณผ ๋ฐœ์ „์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
00:26
for growth and development of human society,
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00:29
but they're not just about a safe way across a river or an obstacle.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ• ๋˜๋Š” ์žฅ์• ๋ฌผ์„ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
They shout about connectivity --
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋ฅผ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
00:39
community.
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00:40
They reveal something about creativity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ๊ณผ ๋…์ฐฝ์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ 
00:42
our ingenuity --
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:44
they even hint at our identity.
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00:49
And when bridges fail,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋Š์–ด์ง€๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜๋ฉด
00:51
or are destroyed in conflict,
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00:53
communities struggle,
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์‚ฌํšŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
development stagnates, people suffer.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ํ†ต๋ฐ›์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
Even today,
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ง€๊ธˆ๋„
01:01
there are over one billion people living in poor, rural communities
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ๋†์ดŒ ๋งˆ์„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 10์–ต ๋ช… ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
01:05
around the world
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01:06
that do not have safe, year-round access
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์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ˆ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
to the things that you and I take for granted:
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01:10
education, medical care, access to markets ...
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ํ•™๊ต, ๋ณ‘์›, ์ƒ์ ์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์ฃ .
01:14
which is why wonderful organizations like Bridges to Prosperity
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์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— '๋ฒˆ์˜์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ(Bridges to Prosperity)' ๊ฐ™์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋‹จ์ฒด๊ฐ€
01:18
build bridges in this kind of place -- this is in Rwanda.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์— ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ฅด์™„๋‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And they make such a difference,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
not only to those lives immediately around the bridge,
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
01:26
but the impact of these bridges is huge,
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ปค์„œ
01:28
and it spreads over the whole community,
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด๋Œ์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:31
far, far away.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์€ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฃผ๋ณ€์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Of course bridges have been around for an awfully long time.
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01:37
The oldest ones are stone because it's a very durable material.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ฃผ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:41
I don't know about you --
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–จ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ ์ „ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
I love to look at the development of technology
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01:44
to learn about what people did with the materials
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€
01:47
and tools available to them at the time.
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๋‹น์‹œ์—๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:50
So the Pont Du Gard in the center is a wonderful example --
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'Pont Du Gard'๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์ข‹์€ ์˜ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Roman aqueduct in the South of France --
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋‚จ๋ถ€์— ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋กœ๋งˆ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:55
fantastic piece of technology built using massive stones put together,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑด์„คํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฑธ์ž‘์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
dry -- there's no mortar in those joints.
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์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์ˆœ์ „ํžˆ ๋Œ๋กœ๋งŒ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
They're just dry stone joints --
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02:03
fantastic
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ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์ฃ .
02:04
and almost as good as new today.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฌ๋„ ์ƒˆ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Or sometimes up in the mountains,
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ํ˜น์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฐ ์œ„์— ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
people would build these suspension bridges,
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02:12
often across some dizzy canyon,
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๋‚˜๋ฌด ๋ฉ๊ตด์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ฐ”ํ•œ ๊ณ„๊ณก์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
02:14
using a vine.
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02:15
In this case, this is in Peru.
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์•„๊ณณ์€ ํŽ˜๋ฃจ์—์„œ๋Š” ํ’€๋กœ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
This is using grass which grows locally
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๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ํ’€๋กœ ๋ฐง์ค„์„ ์—ฎ์–ด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜์ฃ .
02:19
and is woven into ropes to build these bridges.
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02:22
And do you know they rebuild this every year?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งค๋…„ ์ƒˆ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
Because of course grass is not a durable material.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ’€์€ ํŠผํŠผํ•œ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
02:29
So this bridge is unchanged since Inca times.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ž‰์นด์‹œ๋Œ€๋‚˜ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
And bridges can be symbols of their location.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ƒ์ง•์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
Of course, Golden Gate and Sydney are well familiar.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธˆ๋ฌธ๊ต๋‚˜ ์‹œ๋“œ๋‹ˆ์˜ ํ•˜๋ฒ„๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€๋Š”์ต์ˆ™ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:40
In Mostar the bridge was synonymous with the name of the place,
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๋ชจ์Šคํƒ€ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋”ด 'Stari Most' ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š”
02:44
and to such an extent that in the war in 1993
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1933๋…„์— ์ „์Ÿ์œผ๋กœ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ํŒŒ๊ดด๋˜์ž
02:47
when the bridge was destroyed,
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žฌ๊ฑด๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€ ๋งˆ์„์˜ ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
the town all but lost its identity until the bridge was reconstructed.
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02:54
And bridges are enormous features in our landscape --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋„์‹œ ๊ฒฝ๊ด€์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํŠน์ง•์ด ๋˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
not just enormous, sometimes there's small ones --
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ƒ์ง•์ ์ธ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:00
and they are really significant features,
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03:02
and I believe we have a duty to make our bridges beautiful.
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์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
Thankfully, many people do.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
Think of the stunning Millau Viaduct in the South of France.
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๋‚จํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๋ฏธ์š” ๋Œ€๊ต๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
03:13
French engineer Michel Virlogeux and British architect Lord Foster
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ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ํ† ๊ณต๊ณตํ•™์ž ๋ฏธ์…€ ๋น„์„๋กœ์ฃ„์™€ ์˜๊ตญ ๊ฑด์ถ•๊ฐ€ ๋กœ๋“œ ํฌ์Šคํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ
03:17
collaborated together to produce something
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๊ฑด์ถ•๊ณผ ๊ณตํ•™์ด ๊ทน์ ์ธ ์‹œ๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
which is a really spectacular synergy of architecture and engineering.
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03:22
Or Robert Maillart's Salginatobel Bridge in the mountains in Switzerland --
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๋˜๋Š” ๋กœ๋ฒ ๋ฅด ๋งˆ์ด์•ผ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ๋‚จ๊ธด ์Šค์œ„์Šค ์‚ฐ์•… ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์‚ด์ง€๋‚˜ํ† ๋ฒจ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€
03:27
absolutely sublime.
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๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์žฅ์—„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
Or more recently,
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๋”์šฑ ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š”
03:31
Laurent Ney's beautiful and rather delicate bridge
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๋กœ๋ž‘ ๋„ค์ด๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด
03:34
for Tintagel Castle in the UK.
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์˜๊ตญ์˜ ํ‹ดํƒ€๊ฒ” ์„ฑ์— ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:37
These are spectacular and beautiful designs
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ™”๋ คํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋””์ž์ธ์˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
and we need to see more of this.
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03:43
Bridges can be considered in three convenient categories,
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
depending on the nature of the structural system
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๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ฒด๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ์š”์†Œ์ธ
03:51
that they adopt as their principal support.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์ง€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:54
So, bending, of course, is the way a beam will behave --
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๋ณด ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํœจ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
so, beams and bending.
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์ฆ‰, ํœจ์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋ณด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:59
Or compression is the principal way of operating for an arch.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์••์ถ•๋ ฅ์ด ์ฃผ๋กœ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์•„์น˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
Or for the really long spans you need to go lightweight,
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ํ˜น์€, ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์žฅ์„ ๊ธธ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
as we'll see in a minute,
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๊ณง ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ํ…๋ฐ์š”.
04:08
and you'll use tension, cables --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ ค๋ฉด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:11
suspension bridges.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
And the opportunity for variety is enormous.
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๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๊ถ๋ฌด์ง„ํ•˜์ฃ .
04:16
Engineers have a fantastic scope for innovation and ingenuity
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์‹œ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ
04:19
and developing different forms around these types.
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์ด๋“ค ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ํ˜•์‹์—์„œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
But technological change happens relatively slowly in my world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ์†๋„๋กœ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
believe it or not,
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๋ฏฟ์œผ์‹ค์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
compared to the changes that happen in mobile phone technology
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ํœด๋Œ€์ „ํ™” ๊ธฐ์ˆ 
04:35
and computers and digital technologies and so on.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋“ฑ์— ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋Š๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
04:37
In our world of construction,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ช… ๋”๋””๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
the changes seem positively glacial.
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04:44
And the reason for this can be summarized in one word:
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๊ทธ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ํ•œ ๋งˆ๋””๋กœ ์š”์•ฝํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ"์ด์ฃ .
04:48
risk.
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04:50
Structural engineers like me manage risk.
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€๋ฆฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
We are responsible for structural safety.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ์•ˆ์ „์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€์ฃ . ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
That's what we do.
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04:55
And when we design bridges like these,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•  ๋•Œ๋Š”
04:57
I have to balance the probability that loads will be excessive on one side
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๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ํ•˜์ค‘์ด ์ž‘์šฉํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๊ณผ
05:02
or the strength will be too low on the other side.
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๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์˜ ๊ฐ•๋„๊ฐ€ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์งˆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ท ํ˜•์„ ๋งž์ถฐ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ .
05:05
Both of which, incidentally, are full of uncertainty usually,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์–‘์ชฝ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:09
and so it's a probabilistic problem,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ™•๋ฅ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
05:11
and we have to make sure
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ๊ทธ ๋‘˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:12
that there's an adequate margin for safety between the two, of course.
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05:16
There's no such thing, I have to tell you,
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฑด๋Œ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
as absolute safety.
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05:19
Contrary to popular belief,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
05:21
zero risk doesn't exist.
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
Engineers have to do their calculations and get their sums right
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํž˜์˜ ํ•ฉ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋งž๋„๋ก ํ•˜๊ณ 
05:28
to make sure that those margins are there,
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์•ˆ์ „์„ฑ์ด ํ™•๋ณด๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
and society expects them to do so,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋„ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ฐ”๋ผ์ฃ .
05:32
which is why it's all the more alarming when things like this happen.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ๋ถ„๋ช… ๊ณตํฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
I'm not going to go into the reasons for these tragedies,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋น„๊ทน์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋“ค์˜ ์›์ธ์„ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:42
but they are part of the reason
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
05:45
why technological change happens quite slowly.
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ํ† ๋ชฉ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ฆฐ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
Nobody wants this to happen.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:50
Clients don't want this to happen on their projects, obviously.
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์˜๋ขฐ์ธ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์—์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ธธ ์›์น˜ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:54
And yet of course they want innovation.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์›ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:56
Innovation is vital.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—์„œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ œ DNA์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:58
As an engineer, it's part of my DNA.
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06:01
It's in my blood.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํƒ€๊ณ ๋‚ฌ์ฃ .
06:02
I couldn't be a very good engineer if I wasn't wanting to innovate,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋”๋ผ๋ฉด ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
but we have to do so from a position of knowledge and strength
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์ง€์‹๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ ฅ, ์ดํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์— ๋‘์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:09
and understanding.
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06:12
It's no good taking a leap in the dark,
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๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
and civilization has learned from mistakes since the beginning of time --
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ํƒœ์ดˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›€์„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
no one more so than engineers.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
06:22
Some of you may have seen this film before --
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์•„๋งˆ ์ด ์˜์ƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„๋„ ๊ณ„์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํƒ€์ฝ”๋งˆ ํ•ดํ˜‘๊ต์˜ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์žฅ๋ฉด์œผ๋กœ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์˜์ƒ์ธ๋ฐ์š”.
06:24
this is the very famous Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapse
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06:26
in Tacoma, Washington state,
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด ์ฃผ์˜ ํƒ€์ฝ”๋งˆ ์‹œ์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
1940.
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1940๋…„์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ์ฃ .
06:32
The bridge became known as "Galloping Gertie"
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ด๋ฅธ๋ฐ” "๊ฐค๋กœํ•‘ ๊ฑฐํ‹ฐ" ์ƒํƒœ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:34
because she -- she?
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š”.. '๊ทธ๋…€' ๋งž๋‚˜์š”? ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ช…์‚ฌ์ธ๊ฐ€์š”? ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
06:35
Is a bridge female? I don't know.
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06:37
She was wobbling like this for quite a long time,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๊ฝค ํ•œ์ฐธ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”๋“ค๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
and notice this twisting motion.
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๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ ๊ฑฐ๋™์„ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
06:43
The bridge was far too flexible.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์œ ์—ฐํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
It was designed by a chap called Leon Moisseiff,
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ ๋ ˆ์˜จ ๋ชจ์•„์„ธํ”„๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
06:47
no stranger to suspension bridge design,
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ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์ด ๋งŽ์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
06:49
but in this case he pushed the limits just that little bit too far
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์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ•œ๊ณ„์น˜๋ฅผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋„˜๊ธด ํƒ“์—
06:52
and paid the price.
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๋Œ€๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์น˜๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
Thankfully, nobody was killed.
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๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์‚ฌ๋ง์ž๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
06:56
But this bridge collapse stopped suspension bridge development
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๋ถ•๊ดด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ”๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
dead in its tracks.
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๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ •์ฒด๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:02
For 10 years nobody thought about doing another suspension bridge.
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๊ทธ ํ›„ 10๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต๋ฅผ ์ง€์œผ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:06
There were none.
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์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:07
And when they did emerge in the 1950s,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ 1950๋…„๋Œ€์— ํ˜„์ˆ˜๊ต๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ชฉ๋ฐ›์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
07:09
they were an understandable overreaction,
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๊ณผ์ž‰๋ฐ˜์‘์„ ํ•œ ํƒ“์—
07:11
this sort of oversafe response to what had happened.
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๋น„ํ•ด ๊ณผ๋„ํ•œ ์•ˆ์ „์œจ์„ ์ ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
But when it did occur in the mid-60s,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1960๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์–ด์„œ
07:19
there was indeed a step change --
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์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:20
an innovation, a technological step change.
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ํ˜์‹ ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์  ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:23
This is the Severn Bridge in the UK.
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์„œ๋ฒˆ ๋ธŒ๋ฆฟ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:26
Notice the aerodynamically streamlined cross section
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๊ณต๊ธฐ์—ญํ•™์ ์ธ ์œ ์„ ํ˜• ๋‹จ๋ฉด์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
07:29
in the center there.
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๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
07:30
It's also a box which makes it very torsionally stiff --
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๊ทธ๋ฟ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ ๊ฐ•์„ฑ์ด ํฐ ๋ฐ•์Šค ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
07:33
that twisting motion which we saw at Tacoma would not happen here.
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ํƒ€์ฝ”๋งˆ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚œ ๋น„ํ‹€๋ฆผ ๋ณ€ํ˜•์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:37
And it's also really lightweight,
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:39
and as we'll see in a moment,
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์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
07:40
lightweight is really important for long spans,
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ธด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:43
and everybody seems to want us to build longer spans.
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๋‹ค๋“ค ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋” ๊ธด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ผ๋ณธ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
The longest at the moment is in Japan.
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07:48
It's just under 2,000 meters -- one span.
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ํ•œ ๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์ด 2,000m์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ฃ .
07:52
Just under two kilometers.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 2km์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ธธ์ด์˜ ์•„์นด์‹œ ํ•ดํ˜‘๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
The Akashi Kaikyล Bridge.
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07:55
We're currently working on one in Turkey which is a bit longer,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข€ ๋” ๊ธด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ํ„ฐํ‚ค์—์„œ ๊ฑด์„ค๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:58
and we've designed the Messina Bridge in Italy,
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์˜ ๋ฉ”์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ต๋„ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์นœ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ 
08:00
which is just waiting to get started with construction one day,
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๊ฑด์„ค์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๋‚ ๋งŒ ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
who knows when.
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์–ธ์ œ์ผ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
08:04
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:06
I'm going to come back to Messina in a moment.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ต๋Š” ์ž ์‹œ ํ›„์— ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
08:08
But the other kind of long-span bridge which uses that tension principle
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์ธ์žฅ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋Œ€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ์„œ
08:13
is the cable-stayed bridge,
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์ฃผ๋ณ€์—์„œ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต ํ˜•์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
and we see a lot of these.
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08:16
In fact, in China they're building a whole load of these right now.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ค‘๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜•์‹์˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
The longest of these is the Russky Bridge in Vladivostok, Russia --
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๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„์˜ ๋ธ”๋ผ๋””๋ณด์Šคํ† ํฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Ÿฌ์Šคํ‚ค ๋Œ€๊ต๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ธด ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์ด๊ณ 
08:24
just over 1,100 meters.
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๊ธธ์ด๊ฐ€ 1,100m๋ฅผ ๋„˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:26
But let me take you back to this question about long-span and lightweight.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ง€์ ๊ฐ„ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์ด๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
08:29
This is using Messina Bridge as an example.
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๋ฉ”์‹œ๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ต๋ฅผ ์˜ˆ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:31
The pie chart in the center represents the capacity of the main cables --
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์ค‘์•™์˜ ํŒŒ์ด ๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”„๋Š” ์ฃผ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ํ•˜์ค‘ ๋ถ€๋‹ด ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:36
that's what holds the bridge up --
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งค๋‹ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฃผ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•˜์ฃ .
08:38
the capacity of the main cables.
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08:40
And notice that 78 percent of that capacity
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 78%๊ฐ€
08:43
is used up just holding the bridge up.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ๋งค๋‹ฌ์•„ ๋‘๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
There's only 22 percent of its capacity --
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์ „์ฒด ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰์˜ 22%, 1/4๋„ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ
08:49
that's less than a quarter --
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08:51
available for the payload,
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ํ•˜์ค‘์„ ๋ฒ„ํ…จ์•ผํ•˜์ฃ .
08:52
the stuff that the bridge is there to support:
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์— ๋†“์ธ ์ฒ ๋„๋‚˜ ๋„๋กœ ๋“ฑ์— ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:54
the railway, the road and so on.
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08:58
And in fact,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ๋Š”
08:59
over 50 percent of that payload --
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์ž‘์šฉ ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ 50%๋Š”..
09:02
of that dead load --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณ ์ • ํ•˜์ค‘์˜ 50%๋Š” ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
is the cable on its own.
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09:04
Just the cable without any bridge deck.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ฅํŒ ์—†์ด ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
09:07
If we could make that cable lighter,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์ค„์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:09
we could span longer.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ ๋Š˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:11
Right now if we use the high-strength steel wire available to us,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ฐ•์žฌ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์ ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:14
we can span, practically speaking, around about five or six kilometers
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์ƒ, ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธธ์ด๋ฅผ 5~6km๊นŒ์ง€๋„ ๋Š˜์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
if we really push it.
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๋งˆ์Œ๋งŒ ๋จน๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:20
But if we could use carbon fiber in those cables,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ํƒ„์†Œ์„ฌ์œ ๋กœ ๋œ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”์„ ์“ด๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:23
we could go more than 10 kilometers.
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10km ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
09:26
That's pretty spectacular.
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๊ทธ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ ์žฅ๊ด€์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:30
But of course superspans is not necessarily the way to go everywhere.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ดˆ์žฅ๋Œ€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:34
They're very expensive
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๋น„์šฉ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ณ , ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
09:36
and they've got all sorts of other challenges associated with them,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€์ ์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์ง€์–ด์„œ
09:39
and we tend to build multispan
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09:40
when we're crossing a wide estuary or a sea crossing.
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ํฐ ๊ฐ•์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋„๋ก ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
But of course if that sea crossing were somewhere like Gibraltar,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๋ธŒ๋กคํ„ฐ ํ•ดํ˜‘ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ ํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:47
or in this case, the Red Sea,
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์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ™ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
09:50
we would indeed be building multiple superlong spans
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๋‹ค๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ดˆ์žฅ๋Œ€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:54
and that would be something spectacular, wouldn't it?
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์ •๋ง ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ด‘๊ฒฝ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
09:57
I don't think I'm going to see that one finished in my lifetime,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์— ์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์™„๊ณต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ
10:00
but it will certainly be worth waiting for for some of you guys.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜์…”๋„ ์ข‹์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:04
Well, I want to tell you about something which I think is really exciting.
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:08
This is a multispan suspension bridge across very deep water in Norway,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด์˜ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋‹ค๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
and we're working on this at the moment.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
10:15
The deep water means that foundations are prohibitively expensive.
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๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ๊นŠ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ธฐ์ดˆ์˜ ๊ฑด์„ค ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„์‹ธ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
So this bridge floats.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋„์šฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:23
This is a floating, multispan suspension bridge.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ๋‹ค๊ฒฝ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์žฅ๊ต์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
We've had floating bridges before, but nothing like this.
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์ด์ „์—๋„ ๋ถ€์œ ์‹ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
It stands on floating pontoons
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ํ•ด์ €์— ์ผ€์ด๋ธ”๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •๋œ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ ์œ„์— ๋†“์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
which are tethered to the seabed and held down --
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10:33
so, pulled down against those buoyancy forces,
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๋ถ€๋ ฅ์— ์ €ํ•ญํ•˜๋Š” ํž˜์œผ๋กœ ๋‹น๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ •์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:36
and in order to make it stable,
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10:37
the tops of the towers have to be tied together,
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์ฃผํƒ‘ ์œ„๋ฅผ ์„œ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์„œ ๊ณ ์ •ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:40
otherwise the whole thing would just wobble around
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ถœ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ 
10:43
and nobody will want to go on that.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:44
But I'm really excited about this
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ •๋ง ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
10:46
because if you think about the places around the world
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊นŠ์€ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์žฅ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ ค ๋ณด๋”๋ผ๋„
10:49
where the water is so deep
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10:50
that nobody has given a second thought to the possibility of a bridge
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๊ณณ์„ ๊ฑด๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:53
or any kind of crossing,
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10:55
this now opens up that possibility.
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์ด์ œ ์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์—ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:58
So this one's being done by the Norwegian Roads Administration,
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์ด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋…ธ๋ฅด์›จ์ด ๋„๋กœ์ฒญ์ด ์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
11:02
but I'm really excited to know
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€์—ญ๋„ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์— ํฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:04
where else will this technology enable development --
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11:06
that growing together,
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๋™๋ฐ˜ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ 
11:08
that building of community.
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์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:13
Now, what about concrete?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
11:16
Concrete gets a pretty bad name sometimes,
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ‰๊ฐ€๋ฐ›๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
11:20
but in the hands of people like Rudy Ricciotti here,
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์ด ๋ฃจ๋”” ๋ฆฌ์น˜์˜คํ‹ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ์†์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๋ฉด
11:23
look what you can do with it.
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์“ฐ์ž„์ƒˆ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ผ์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:26
This is what we call ultra-high performance fiber-reinforced concrete.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์„ฌ์œ ๋ณด๊ฐ• ์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
It's a bit of a mouthful.
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์šฉ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ข€ ์–ด๋ ต์ฃ .
11:31
Us engineers love those kinds of words.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ์šฉ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:33
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
11:35
But what you do with this --
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ดˆ๊ณ ๊ฐ•๋„์˜ ๊ณ ๋‚ด๊ตฌ์„ฑ ์žฌ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
11:37
this is really superstrong, and it's really durable,
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11:39
and you can get this fantastic sculptural quality.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ธ ์กฐ๊ฐ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:43
Who said concrete bridges are dull?
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์ฝ˜ํฌ๋ฆฌํŠธ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๋„ ์ด์ œ ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กญ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:47
We could talk about all sorts of other new technologies and things
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ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ด ํ•œ์ฐฝ์ธ ์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์‹ ์ œํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
which are going on,
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๋กœ๋ด‡, 3D ํ”„๋ฆฐํŒ…, ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ฃ .
11:52
robots and 3-D printing and AI and all of that,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฒ˜์Œ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด์ฃ .
11:54
but I want to take you back to something which I alluded to earlier on.
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11:59
Our bridges need to be functional, yes.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ๊ณ ์œ ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:01
They need to be safe -- absolutely.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ํŽธํ•˜๊ณ  ํŠผํŠผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:03
They need to be serviceable and durable.
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12:05
But I passionately believe they need to be elegant;
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋ฉ‹์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ตณ๊ฒŒ ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
they need to be beautiful.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›Œ์•ผ ํ•ด์š”.
12:12
Our bridges are designed for a long time.
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:15
We tend to design for 100 years plus.
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100๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์ฃ .
12:17
They're going to be there for an awfully long time.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ์˜ค๋žœ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ž๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€ํ‚ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
Nobody is going to remember the cost.
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๊ฑด์„ค ๋น„์šฉ์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:22
Nobody will remember whether it overran a few months.
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๊ณต์‚ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ช‡ ๋‹ฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์ง€์—ฐ๋๋Š”์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜๋Š” ์ด๋Š” ์—†์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:26
But if it's ugly or just dull,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ๊ณ  ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:29
it will always be ugly or dull.
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๊ณ„์† ๋ณด๊ธฐ ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹จ์กฐ๋กœ์šด ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:31
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:34
Bridges --
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๊ต๋Ÿ‰์€..
12:36
beauty enriches life.
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์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์„ ํ’์š”๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:38
Doesn't it?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
12:40
It enhances our well-being.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋ณต์„ ์ฃผ์ฃ .
12:42
Ugliness and mediocrity does exactly the opposite.
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์ถ”ํ•จ๊ณผ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•จ์€ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:45
And if we go on building mediocre, ugly environments --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:49
and I believe we're becoming numb to that stuff --
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋„ ๊ทธ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ฌด๊ฐ๊ฐํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
if we go on doing that,
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๊ณ„์† ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
12:55
it's something like a large-scale vandalism,
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๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ์˜ ๋ฌธํ™” ํŒŒ๊ดด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„ ์—†์–ด์š”.
12:58
which is completely unacceptable.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:01
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
13:06
This is a bridge in Lyon in France,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ๋ฆฌ์šฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:08
which was procured through a design competition.
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๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ง„๋Œ€ํšŒ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋ฝ‘ํžŒ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์ด์ฃ .
13:11
And I think we need to start talking to those people who procure our bridges
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฌผ์„ ์„ ํƒํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
13:15
and our structures,
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13:16
because it's the procurement which is often the key.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ ์„ ํƒ์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:19
Design competitions is one way to get good design,
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๋””์ž์ธ ๊ฒฝ์ง„๋Œ€ํšŒ๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด์ง€๋งŒ
13:21
but it's not the only one.
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์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:23
There's an awful lot of procurement going on
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์ง€๋‚˜์น˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์„ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉด
์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ์ข‹์€ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ ์ž…๊ฒฌ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:25
that is absolutely prejudiced against good design.
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13:29
So yes, technology happens a bit slowly sometimes in my world.
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๋ถ„๋ช…ํžˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
But I'm really excited about what we can do with it.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์— ํฐ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
Whether it's saving lives in rural Africa
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‹œ๊ณจ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:40
or stretching the boundaries of long-span technology
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์žฅ๋Œ€ ๊ต๋Ÿ‰ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
13:42
or just crossing the road next-door,
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๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ๋„๋กœ์™€ ๋„๋กœ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์— ๊ทธ์น˜๋”๋ผ๋„
13:47
I hope we continue to build elegant and beautiful stuff
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ต๋Ÿ‰์„ ๊ณ„์† ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
13:50
that save lives and build communities.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ถ์— ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ „์‹œํ‚ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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