How protest is redefining democracy around the world | Zachariah Mampilly

50,991 views

2018-03-04 ・ TED


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How protest is redefining democracy around the world | Zachariah Mampilly

50,991 views ・ 2018-03-04

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Mijin Kim κ²€ν† : Sojeong KIM
00:12
Like many of you, I'm often frustrated by the democratic process.
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λ§Žμ€ λΆ„λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ 저도 μ’…μ’… 민주적인 μ ˆμ°¨μ— λΆˆλ§Œμ„ λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
It's messy, it's complicated,
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골치 μ•„ν”„κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•˜μ£ .
00:19
it's often inefficient.
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
Our political leaders feel disconnected
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우리의 μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ κ΄€μ‹¬μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°
00:24
from the concerns of ordinary people.
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λ‹¨μ ˆλ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:27
Many feel that voting every few years
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λͺ‡ 년에 ν•œ λ²ˆμ”© μžˆλŠ”
00:29
for leaders disconnected from their daily challenges
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우리 μΌμƒμ˜ κ³Όμ—…κ³Ό λ™λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ” μ§€λ„μžμ˜ νˆ¬ν‘œλŠ”
00:32
is pointless.
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λ¬΄μ˜λ―Έν•˜λ‹€κ³  λ§Žμ€ 이듀이 λŠλ‚λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
But before we reject democracy,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 민주주의λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ•žμ„œ
00:38
let's imagine what it could be.
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이것이 무엇인지λ₯Ό μƒμƒν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
00:41
And I believe that African activists are redefining democracy
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그리고 μ €λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μš΄λ™κ°€λ“€μ΄
00:45
by putting protest at its center,
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μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό 쀑심에 두며 민주주의λ₯Ό μž¬μ •μ˜ν•˜κ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
what I refer to as "protest democracy."
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ "μ‹œμœ„ 민주주의"라 μΌμ»«λŠ” 것이죠.
00:53
International organizations and academic experts
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ꡭ제 κΈ°κ΄€κ³Ό 전문가듀은
00:56
define democracy as regular, multiparty electoral competition.
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜κ°€ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ—¬λŸ¬ μ •λ‹Ήμ˜ μ„ κ±° 경쟁이라고 μ •μ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
But democracy should not only be about elites competing at the ballot box.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” νˆ¬ν‘œν•¨μ„ μ•žμ— λ‘” μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ˜ 경쟁이 λ˜μ–΄μ„œλŠ” μ•ˆλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
For it to have meaning,
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이것이 의미λ₯Ό μ§€λ‹ˆκΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
01:09
it's something we must engage in every day.
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 맀일 μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜λŠ” 무언가가 λ˜μ–΄μ•Όλ§Œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
When I say "protest democracy,"
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μ œκ°€ "μ‹œμœ„ 민주주의"라고 말할 λ•Œ
01:16
I'm challenging how we think about democratic action.
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μ €λŠ” 민주주의 ν™œλ™μ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 생각을 거슀λ₯΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Viewing democracy as only elections is no longer adequate
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민주주의λ₯Ό μ„ κ±°λ‘œλ§Œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 것은 λΆ€μ μ ˆν•˜λ©°
01:25
and threatens democracy itself.
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민주주의 자체λ₯Ό μœ„ν˜‘ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
So we must protest democracy to give it a renewed meaning.
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이에 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜μ— μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 의미λ₯Ό λΆ€μ—¬ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 이λ₯Ό κ±°λΆ€ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
What would this look like?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ λͺ¨μŠ΅μΌκΉŒμš”?
01:39
We need to turn to African societies,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 삢을 λ°”κΎΈκΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:41
where ordinary people are increasingly taking to the streets
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점점 더 거리둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μžˆλŠ”
01:45
to transform their lives.
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아프리카 μ‚¬νšŒμ— λˆˆμ„ λŒλ €μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
African social movements have often been at the forefront
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ‚¬νšŒμ  μš΄λ™μ€ 이런 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 민주주의λ₯Ό μ •μ˜ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:50
of conceptualizing democracy in this way.
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μ•žμž₯μ„œ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:53
This may come as a surprise to those of who think
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μ΄λŠ” 아프리카인듀이 μ •μΉ˜μ— μ°Έμ—¬ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”
01:55
that the only way Africans engage in politics
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μœ μΌν•œ 방법은 총이라고 μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ”
01:58
is through the barrel of the gun.
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λ†€λΌμšΈ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
But increasingly, young people are taking to the streets
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ€
02:04
and abandoning organized violence
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더 효과적인 비폭λ ₯ 행동을 μœ„ν•΄
02:07
in favor of more effective nonviolent action.
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점점 더 거리둜 λ‚˜μ•„κ°€κ³  μ‘°μ§ν™”λœ 폭λ ₯을 κ±°λΆ€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
I've spent much of the past two decades talking to African activists,
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μ €λŠ” μ§€λ‚œ 이 μ‹­λ…„μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ λ™μ•ˆ
02:15
both violent and nonviolent.
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폭λ ₯적, 비폭λ ₯적인 아프리카 ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€κ³Ό 이야기λ₯Ό λ‚˜λˆ„μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Across Africa, young people are rising up
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아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™ μ „μ—­μ—μ„œλŠ” μ•Œλ €μ§„ 거의 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ •κΆŒλ“€μ—
02:21
to challenge almost every type of regime known to humanity.
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λŒ€ν•­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
This is my friend Thiat.
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제 친ꡬ ν‹°μ•„νŠΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
He's a rapper from Senegal.
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ„Έλ„€κ°ˆ μΆœμ‹ μ˜ λž˜νΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
He led a large movement in Senegal
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μ„Έλ„€κ°ˆμ˜ 큰 μš΄λ™μ„ μ΄λŒμ—ˆκ³  이 μš΄λ™μ€
02:31
that was successful in preventing the president from stealing a third term.
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λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ μ„Έ 번째 μž„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ±„μš°λŠ” 것을 μ„±κ³΅μ μœΌλ‘œ λ§‰μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
From Morocco to Lesotho,
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λͺ¨λ‘œμ½”μ—μ„œ λ ˆμ†Œν† μ— 이λ₯΄κΈ°κΉŒμ§€
02:37
young people are rising up against entrenched monarchies:
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뿌리 κΉŠμ€ ꡰ주제λ₯Ό μ €μ§€ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ μΌμ–΄μ„œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
in Egypt and Sudan,
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ™€ μˆ˜λ‹¨μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:43
against brutal dictatorships;
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μž”ν˜Ήν•œ λ…μž¬μ— λ§žμ„œκ³  있죠.
02:46
in Uganda and Ethiopia,
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μš°κ°„λ‹€μ™€ μ—ν‹°μ˜€ν”Όμ•„μ—μ„œλŠ”
02:48
against powerful militarized states
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μœ μ‚¬ 민주주의의 νƒˆμ„ μ“΄
02:51
with quasi-democratic veneers;
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κ°•λ ₯ν•œ ꡰ사ꡭ가에 λŒ€ν•­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:56
in South Africa, where this image was taken,
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이 사진이 찍힌 남아프리카와
02:58
and Burundi,
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λΈŒλ£¬λ””μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:00
against democratically elected leaders
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ ν˜•νŽΈμ„ λ‚˜μ•„μ§€κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”λ°
03:02
who have done little to improve the conditions for ordinary people.
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κΈ°μ—¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œ 민주적으둜 μ„ μΆœλœ μ§€λ„μžμ—κ²Œ λŒ€ν•­ν–ˆμ£ .
03:06
Across the continent, protest is not exceptional,
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λŒ€λ₯™ μ „μ²΄μ—μ„œ μ‹œμœ„λŠ” μ˜ˆμ™Έμ μΈ 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:09
but a normal part of life.
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μ‚Άμ˜ μΌλΆ€λΆ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
Africans use protests to challenge both dictators
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아프리카인듀은 λ…μž¬μžμ—κ²Œ λŒ€ν•­ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό ν•  뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
03:15
as well as power cuts.
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ꢌλ ₯을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ²Œ ν•  λ•Œλ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
In a way, Africans are protesting democracy itself,
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μ–΄λ–€ 면으둜 아프리카인듀은 민주주의 μžμ²΄μ— μ €ν•­ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
enriching its possibilities for us all.
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ·Έ κ°€μΉ˜λ₯Ό λ†’μ΄λ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:26
There have been two major waves of African protest,
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ μ‹œμœ„μ—λŠ” 두 가지 큰 흐름이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
03:28
and we are currently living through the third,
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ν˜„μž¬ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 2005년에 μ‹œμž‘λœ
03:31
which began around 2005.
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μ„Έ 번째의 λ¬Όκ²° 속에 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
It includes the so-called Arab Spring,
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μ΄λŠ” 아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™μ˜ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ μΌμ–΄λ‚¬λ˜
03:35
which took place mostly on the continent.
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μ•„λžμ˜ 봄이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 것을 ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
The first wave took place in the 1940s and 1950s
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첫 번째 흐름은 1940λ…„λŒ€μ™€ 1950λ…„λŒ€ 사이에 일어났고
03:42
and led to Africa's decolonization.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ νƒˆμ‹λ―Όμ§€ν™”λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Kwame Nkrumah led a broad coalition in Ghana
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κ³Όλ©” μ€ν¬λ£¨λ§ˆκ°€ 이끈 κ°€λ‚˜μ˜ 연립정뢀가
03:49
that overthrew British rule,
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영ꡭ의 지배λ₯Ό λ¬΄λ„ˆλœ¨λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
providing a template for nonviolent movements globally.
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전세계에 비폭λ ₯ μš΄λ™μ˜ 본보기λ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όλ©΄μ„œ 말이죠.
03:55
The second wave took place in the 1980s and 1990s
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두 번째 물결은 1980λ…„λŒ€μ™€ 1990λ…„λŒ€ 사이에 μΌμ–΄λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
against austerity measures that imposed harsh conditions
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아프리카 κ²½μ œμ— μ‹¬κ°ν•œ μœ„κΈ°λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜¨
04:01
on African economies.
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κΈ΄μΆ• 정책에 λ§žμ„œλŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
04:04
These protests led to the overthrow of autocratic regimes
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ‹œμœ„λ“€μ€ λ…μž¬μ •κΆŒμ˜ λΆ•κ΄΄λ₯Ό μ΄λŒμ—ˆκ³ 
04:07
and led to the introduction
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아프리카 λŒ€λ₯™ 전체에
04:08
of multiparty elections across the continent.
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볡수 μ •λ‹Ή μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
The ongoing third wave is correcting the shortcomings of the earlier two.
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ν˜„μž¬ 진행쀑인 μ„Έ 번째 물결은 μ•žμ„  두 개의 물결의 결점을 λ³΄μ™„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
If the first wave brought liberation but not democracy,
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첫 번째 물결은 자유λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ™”μ§€λ§Œ 민주주의λ₯Ό κ°€μ Έμ˜€μ§„ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:24
and the second, elections but only for the elites,
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두 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” μ„ κ±°λ₯Ό λ„μž…ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ„ κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
04:28
then it is the third wave
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μ„Έ 번째 물결은
04:29
that is most concerned with transforming democracy
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민주주의λ₯Ό 보톡 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ ν†΅μΉ˜λ‘œ
04:32
into the rule of the people.
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λ°”κΎΈλŠ” 것과 κ°€μž₯ 연관이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:35
It includes movements like Y'en a Marre in Senegal,
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μ΄λŠ” μ„Έλ„€κ°ˆμ˜ '지긋지긋해' μš΄λ™κ³Ό
04:39
Le Balai Citoyen in Burkina Faso,
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λΆ€λ₯΄ν‚€λ‚˜ νŒŒμ†Œμ˜ μ‹œλ―Όμ˜ λΉ—μžλ£¨ μš΄λ™
04:41
Tajamuka in Zimbabwe,
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μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜ νƒ€μžλ¬΄μΉ΄
04:43
LUCHA and Filimbi in the Democratic Republic of Congo,
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콩고 λ―Όμ£Όκ³΅ν™”κ΅­μ˜ 루차와 ν”Œλ¦ΌλΉ„λ₯Ό ν¬ν•¨ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:47
movements that work outside of more conventional nongovernmental organizations
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경제적, μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ μ‹œμŠ€ν…œμ— λ„μ „ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
04:52
and political parties
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인슡적인 λΉ„μ •λΆ€κΈ°κ΄€μ΄λ‚˜ μ •λ‹Ή λ°–μœΌλ‘œ
04:53
to challenge the economic and political system itself,
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λ»—μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λ €λŠ” μš΄λ™λ“€μ΄
04:57
often at great risk.
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μ’…μ’… μœ„ν—˜μ— μ²˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:59
Brilliant young activists like LUCHA's Fred Bauma
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루차의 ν”„λ ˆλ“œ λ°”μš°λ§ˆμ™€ 같은 λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•œ μ Šμ€ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ΄
05:02
have been detained and tortured,
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ꡬ금되고 고문을 λ‹Ήν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
often with little to no outcry from the international community.
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κ΅­μ œμ‚¬νšŒμ˜ ν•­μ˜λŠ” 거의 μ—†μ—ˆμ£ .
05:09
The list goes on, as you can see from some of the data we collected.
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저희가 λͺ¨λ“  λ°μ΄ν„°μ—μ„œ λ³΄μ‹œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό λͺ©λ‘μ€ κ³„μ†λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:12
There have been large popular protests
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2005λ…„ 이후 40κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ κ΅­κ°€μ—μ„œ
05:14
in over 40 African countries since 2005,
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규λͺ¨κ°€ 큰 유λͺ…ν•œ μ‹œμœ„λ“€μ΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:18
and if you look, you'll recognize that in 2011,
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λ³΄μ‹œλ©΄ 2011λ…„
05:21
the year of the so-called Arab Spring,
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μ•„λžμ˜ 봄이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 해에
05:23
was actually the spike of this broader wave.
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μ‹€μ œλ‘œ 이 κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ 파μž₯이 μ ˆμ •μ— λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:26
Contrary to popular belief,
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일반적인 μƒκ°κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ
05:27
many of these protests have been successful.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‹œμœ„λ“€μ΄ 성곡을 κ±°λ‘μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:30
We know of the dictators falling in Tunisia and in Egypt,
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” νŠ€λ‹ˆμ§€μ™€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ˜ λ…μž¬μžλ“€μ΄ λͺ°λ½ν•œ 것을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:34
but popular movements have prevented presidents from stealing third terms
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 유λͺ…ν•œ μ‹œμœ„λ“€μ€ λŒ€ν†΅λ Ήμ΄ μ„Έ 번째 μž„κΈ°λ₯Ό μ±„μš°λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μ•˜μ£ .
05:38
in Senegal, in Malawi and Burkina Faso as well.
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μ„Έλ„€κ°ˆ, λ§λΌμœ„, 그리고 λΆ€λ₯΄ν‚€λ‚˜ νŒŒμ†Œμ—μ„œμš”.
05:43
What's driving this upsurge of protest?
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이 μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό κ³ μ‘°μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
05:46
Demographically, Africa is both the youngest
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μΈκ΅¬ν†΅κ³„ν•™μ μœΌλ‘œ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ”
05:49
and the fastest-growing continent,
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κ°€μž₯ 젊고 κ°€μž₯ λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜λŠ” λŒ€λ₯™μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:51
with the largest age gap between the people and their rulers.
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κ΅­λ―Όλ“€κ³Ό μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ˜ λ‚˜μ΄ 차도 κ°€μž₯ 크죠.
05:55
It is urbanizing at a tremendous pace.
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ†λ„λ‘œ λ„μ‹œν™”λ˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:58
Economically, African countries have been growing for over a decade now,
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경제적으둜 아프리카 ꡭ가듀은 μ‹­ 년이 λ„˜κ²Œ μ„±μž₯ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:02
largely driven by investments from Asia.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ μ•„μ‹œμ•„μ˜ 투자의 영ν–₯을 λ°›μ•˜μ£ .
06:05
But little of this wealth is trickling down.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이 λΆ€μ˜ 극히 μΌλΆ€λ§Œμ΄ κ΅­λ―Όμ—κ²Œ ν˜λŸ¬κ°€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:09
Formal jobs in the industrial sector are actually decreasing,
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μ‚°μ—… λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ μ •κ·œμ§μ€ μ‹€μ§ˆμ μœΌλ‘œ κ°μ†Œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:13
with informal labor the only option left for people to eke out a living.
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생계λ₯Ό 겨우 κΎΈλ €λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ λΉ„μ •κ·œμ§μ˜ 일자리만 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆμ£ .
06:18
As a result, inequality is skyrocketing,
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κ·Έ κ²°κ³Ό λΆˆν‰λ“±μ΄ 극심해지고 있으며
06:21
and political leaders are increasingly disconnected
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μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ 그듀보닀 λ‚˜μ΄ μ–΄λ¦° κ΅­λ―Όλ“€κ³Ό
06:24
from their much younger populations.
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점점 더 멀어지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:26
For those of us from outside of Africa,
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아프리카 외뢀에 μžˆλŠ” μš°λ¦¬λ“€μ—κ²Œ
06:28
we're familiar with parts of this story:
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이런 이야기듀은 μΉœμˆ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:30
a massive spike in inequality,
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν™”λœ λΆˆν‰λ“±
06:33
the product of a decline in good jobs for good wages
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ν•œ λ•Œ, μ§„λ³΄λœ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ „ν˜•μ΄λΌ μ—¬κ²¨μ‘Œλ˜
06:36
that were once considered the hallmark of an advanced society;
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높은 μž„κΈˆμ˜ 쒋은 μΌμžλ¦¬λ“€μ˜ κ°μ†Œ,
06:39
the capture of our political parties by elites
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ν•œλ•Œ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ΄λ“€μ˜ λͺ©μ†Œλ¦¬κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ μ£Όμ—ˆλ˜
06:42
accompanied by the hollowing out of civil society
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μ‹œλ―Ό μ‚¬νšŒκ°€ 사라져가며 λ°œμƒν•œ
06:45
that once provided a voice to ordinary people;
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μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ μ •λ‹Ήμ˜ λͺ°λ½
06:48
that sinking feeling that no matter what you do,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ 무슨 일을 ν•˜λ“ 
06:51
external factors related to the global economy
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ꡭ제 κ²½μ œμ™€ κ΄€λ ¨λœ μ™ΈλΆ€ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ΄
06:54
can disrupt our lives for the worse.
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ μƒν™œμ„ λ§κ°€λœ¨λ¦΄ 수 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ°€μŠ΄ μ² λ ν•˜λŠ” λŠλ‚Œ.
06:58
Our political leaders seem helpless,
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우리의 μ •μΉ˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ μ ˆμ•½λ§Œμ„ μ™ΈμΉ˜λ©°
07:00
insisting on austerity,
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무기λ ₯ν•΄ λ³΄μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:03
even as public goods diminish to levels unseen in decades.
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λͺ‡μ‹­ λ…„κ°„ κ³΅κ³΅μž¬κ°€ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ” λ‹¨κ³„κΉŒμ§€ μ‚¬λΌμ§€λŠ”λ°λ„ 말이죠.
07:06
And this is when they're not succumbing to exclusionary nationalism,
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λ™μ‹œμ— 그듀은 우리의 고톡을 κ°•μžκ°€ μ•„λ‹Œ μ•½μžμ—κ²Œ λ– λ„˜κΈ°λ©°
07:10
blaming our woes on the weak rather than the powerful.
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배타적 λ―Όμ‘±μ£Όμ˜μ— κ΅΄λ³΅ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:15
What those of us from North America and Western Europe consider to be new
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λΆλ―ΈμΈλ“€μ΄λ‚˜ μ„œκ΅¬ μœ λŸ½μΈλ“€μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ²ƒμ΄λž€
07:18
has been the normal condition of African life since the 1970s.
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1970λ…„λŒ€ 이후 μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μΈλ“€μ˜ ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚Άμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:22
So who better to learn from
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κ°€μž₯ 였랜 κΈ°κ°„λ™μ•ˆ
07:23
than those who have been engaged in resistance to these conditions
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이런 상황에 μ €ν•­ν–ˆλ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
07:27
for the longest period of time?
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더 많이 배울 수 μžˆλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ³Όμ—° λˆ„κ΅¬μΌκΉŒμš”?
07:29
What can we learn from African protest democracy?
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ―Όμ£Όν™” μš΄λ™μ„ 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 배울 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
07:32
First, democracy must begin with ordinary people.
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첫 번째, λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” ν‰λ²”ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ‘œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:36
Viewing democracy as only elections has led to widespread disillusionment.
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민주주의λ₯Ό μ„ κ±°λ‘œλ§Œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ” 것은 λ§Œμ—°ν•œ ν™˜λ©Έκ°μ„ κ°€μ Έμ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:41
We must instead work to center ordinary people in democratic life.
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λŒ€μ‹  ν‰λ²”ν•œ 이듀이 민주주의적 μ‚Άμ˜ 쀑심이 λ˜λ„λ‘ νž˜μ¨μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:45
Protest provides us one way to do that.
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 방법을 μ œκ³΅ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:48
Regardless of your age, sexuality, your gender,
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ˜ λ‚˜μ΄, 성적 μ·¨ν–₯, 성별에 관계 없이
07:52
whether you're a citizen or a non-citizen, able-bodied or disabled,
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μ‹œλ―Όμ΄λ“  외ꡭ인이든, μž₯애인이든 λΉ„μž₯애인이든
07:55
anyone can participate.
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λˆ„κ΅¬λ‚˜ μ°Έμ—¬ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:58
In contrast to elections,
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μ„ κ±°μ™€λŠ” λ°˜λŒ€λ‘œ
07:59
protests are not confined by rigid electoral cycles.
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” μ—„κ²©ν•œ μ„ κ±° 주기에 κ΅­ν•œλ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
They offer a much more immediate form of action
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즉각적인 ν”Όλ“œλ°±μ˜ μ‹œλŒ€μ—
08:05
in our era of instant feedback.
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즉각적인 ν˜•νƒœμ˜ 쑰치λ₯Ό 더 많이 μ œκ³΅ν•˜μ£ .
08:08
Second, while protests may be messy,
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λ‘˜μ§Έλ‘œ, μ‹œμœ„λŠ” ν˜Όλž€μŠ€λŸ¬μšΈ 수 μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
08:11
this is what makes them powerful.
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이둜 인해 κ°•λ ₯ν•΄μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:14
Protests are contentious and contested processes,
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” λ…ΌμŸμ„ 벌이고 경쟁적인 과정이며
08:18
defined by contingent actions,
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λΆˆν™•μ‹€ν•œ 행동에 μ˜ν•΄ κ·œμ •λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
08:21
often devoid of clear messaging,
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λ•Œλ‘œλŠ” λͺ…ν™•ν•œ 메세지가 κ²°μ—¬λ˜μ–΄ 있고
08:24
characterized by incomplete organization.
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λΆˆμ™„μ „ν•œ 기관에 μ˜ν•΄ κ·œμ •λ˜μ£ .
08:27
These dynamics are what makes it easy to dismiss protests as riots
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이 역동성이 μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό 폭동이라고 ν„ν•˜ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
08:31
or to assume they are of limited political utility.
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μ œν•œλœ μ •μΉ˜μ  νš¨μš©μ„±μ„ μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ°λ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:35
But it also makes them easier to suppress.
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μ–΅μ••ν•˜κΈ° 쉽닀고 μƒκ°ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κΈ°λ„ ν•˜μ£ .
08:38
Too often, governments do not view protests as elementary to democracy.
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빈번히, μ •λΆ€λŠ” μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό 민주주의의 기본으둜 바라보지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:44
Instead, they violently crush social movements
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λŒ€μ‹ , μ΄λ“€μ˜ λ©”μ„Έμ§€μ˜ 신빙성을 λ–¨μ–΄λœ¨λ¦¬κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
08:48
or work to discredit their message.
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μ‚¬νšŒμ μΈ μš΄λ™μ„ 폭λ ₯적으둜 μ§“λ°ŸμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:53
Third, as I already hinted,
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μ„Έ 번째, μ œκ°€ μ–ΈκΈ‰ν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ
08:56
protest is the space from which new political imaginations may emerge.
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ •μΉ˜μ  상상이 생겨날 수 μžˆλŠ” κ³΅κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:01
Protests are about coloring outside the lines,
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” μ„  밖을 μƒ‰μΉ ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ—…μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:04
a way for ordinary people to rewrite the rules of the game
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ν‰λ²”ν•œ 이듀이 μžμ‹ λ“€μ—κ²Œ λΆˆλ¦¬ν•˜λ‹€κ³  λŠλΌλŠ”
09:08
that too many feel are stacked against them.
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κ²Œμž„μ˜ κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ„ μƒˆλ‘œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 방법이죠.
09:11
Many young people in Africa have grown up in societies
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μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ§Žμ€ μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ€ μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μΌμƒλ™μ•ˆ
09:14
where a single ruler has ruled their entire lives.
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단 ν•œ λͺ…μ˜ μ§€λ°°μžκ°€ ν†΅μΉ˜ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬νšŒμ—μ„œ μžλΌμ™”μ–΄μš”.
09:17
Protest is the space for new possibilities to emerge,
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λŠ” κ³΅κ°„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:20
as young people begin to discover their own power.
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μ Šμ€μ΄λ“€μ΄ 그듀이 μ§€λ‹Œ νž˜μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ˜λ©΄μ„œμš”.
09:24
Consider the situation of my friend Linda Masarira,
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제 친ꡬ인 λ¦°λ‹€ λ§ˆμ‚¬λ¦¬λΌμ˜ 상황을 μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:28
a single mother of five,
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λ‹€μ„― 아이λ₯Ό ν™€λ‘œ ν‚€μš°λŠ” μ—„λ§ˆμ£ .
09:29
who is leading protests against the Mugabe regime in Zimbabwe.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ§λ°”λΈŒμ›¨μ˜ 무가베 μ •κΆŒμ— λŒ€ν•­ν•˜λŠ” μ‹œμœ„λ₯Ό 이끌고 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
09:34
She has been beaten, arrested, harassed.
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두듀겨 맞고, 체포되고, κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜μ„ λ‹Ήν–ˆμ£ .
09:37
But Linda perseveres, because as she told me a few months ago,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ²¬λŽ μ–΄μš”. λͺ‡ 달 μ „ 제게 λ§ν–ˆλ˜ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ,
09:40
protest has given her a sense of meaning and direction.
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” κ·Έλ…€μ—κ²Œ μ˜λ―Έμ™€ λ°©ν–₯성을 μ£ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ£ .
09:43
And though she knows the odds against her,
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μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ λ‹₯μΉ  역경을 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
09:45
Linda perseveres.
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λ¦°λ‹€λŠ” κ΅΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:47
Like Linda and other young African activists,
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λ¦°λ‹€λ‚˜ μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ Šμ€ ν™œλ™κ°€λ“€μ²˜λŸΌ
09:51
we all must work to redefine democracy
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우리 λͺ¨λ‘λŠ” 민주주의λ₯Ό
09:53
as something more than just elections and political parties.
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선거와 μ •λ‹Ή κ·Έ μ΄μƒμœΌλ‘œ μž¬μ •μ˜ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ…Έλ ₯ν•΄μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:58
Democracy is a creative process,
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λ―Όμ£Όμ£Όμ˜λŠ” 창의적인 과정이며
10:01
and protest has always been the vehicle
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μ‹œμœ„λŠ” 늘 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것 μ΄μƒμ˜ μ •μΉ˜μ μΈ 상상λ ₯을
10:03
for expanding our political imaginations beyond what we are told is possible.
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ν™•μž₯μ‹œν‚€κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ§€κ°œμ²΄κ°€ λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:08
(In Swahili) Thank you very much.
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(μŠ€μ™€νžλ¦¬μ–΄) λŒ€λ‹¨νžˆ κ³ λ§™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:09
(Applause)
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(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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