How do we learn to work with intelligent machines? | Matt Beane

63,727 views ใƒป 2019-02-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Braelyn Chen ๊ฒ€ํ† : Summer Kim
00:13
Itโ€™s 6:30 in the morning,
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์•„์นจ 6์‹œ 30๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
and Kristen is wheeling her prostate patient into the OR.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
She's a resident, a surgeon in training.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ , ์ฆ‰ ์ˆ˜๋ จ์˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:24
Itโ€™s her job to learn.
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
Today, sheโ€™s really hoping to do some of the nerve-sparing,
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋ณด์กด ์ ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
extremely delicate dissection that can preserve erectile function.
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์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์€ ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐœ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ์œ ์ง€์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๋ฌด์ฒ™ ์„ฌ์„ธํ•œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด์ง€์š”.
00:35
That'll be up to the attending surgeon, though, but he's not there yet.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜์—๊ฒŒ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค์— ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
She and the team put the patient under,
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ํŒ€๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
ํ•˜๋ณต๋ถ€์—์„œ ๋จผ์ € 8์ธ์น˜์˜ ์ ˆ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
and she leads the initial eight-inch incision in the lower abdomen.
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00:47
Once sheโ€™s got that clamped back, she tells the nurse to call the attending.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์ง‘๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๊ณ ์ •์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ฌ๋ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
He arrives, gowns up,
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๋„์ฐฉํ•œ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ๊ฐ€์šด์„ ์ž…๊ณ 
00:54
And from there on in, their four hands are mostly in that patient --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š”
๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋„ค ์†์ด ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ™˜์ž ๋ชธ ์•ˆ์—๋งŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:00
with him guiding but Kristin leading the way.
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์ฃผ์น˜์˜์˜ ์ง€์‹œ๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด์„œ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ์ฃผ๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•ด ๋‚˜๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
When the prostates out (and, yes, he let Kristen do a little nerve sparing),
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์ „๋ฆฝ์„ ์„ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„
(๋„ค! ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ์ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ๋งก๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.)
01:09
he rips off his scrubs.
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์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ณต์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์„œ
01:10
He starts to do paperwork.
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์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์„œ๋ฅ˜๋ฅผ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:12
Kristen closes the patient by 8:15,
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๋‚จ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ 8์‹œ 15๋ถ„์— ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ 
01:18
with a junior resident looking over her shoulder.
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ํ•œ ํ›„๋ฐฐ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋Š” ์–ด๊นจ๋„ˆ๋จธ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:21
And she lets him do the final line of sutures.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์˜ ๋ด‰ํ•ฉ์„ ํ›„๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:24
Kristen feels great.
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ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฟŒ๋“ฏํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
Patientโ€™s going to be fine,
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ํ™˜์ž๋Š” ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์„ ๊ฑฐ๊ณ 
01:29
and no doubt sheโ€™s a better surgeon than she was at 6:30.
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ํ‹€๋ฆผ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 6์‹œ30๋ถ„์˜ ์ž์‹ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ์ข‹์€ ์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:34
Now this is extreme work.
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์ด ์ผ์€ ๊ณ ๋‚œ์ด๋„์˜ ์ž‘์—…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
But Kristinโ€™s learning to do her job the way that most of us do:
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์ž๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:41
watching an expert for a bit,
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋ณด๊ณ 
01:43
getting involved in easy, safe parts of the work
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์‰ฝ๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€
01:46
and progressing to riskier and harder tasks
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์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์ด ์ค€๋น„๋๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ๋•Œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ
01:48
as they guide and decide sheโ€™s ready.
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๋” ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
My whole life Iโ€™ve been fascinated by this kind of learning.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋งค๋ฃŒ๋˜์–ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
It feels elemental, part of what makes us human.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ์ ์ธ ์š”์†Œ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ์š”์†Œ.
01:59
It has different names: apprenticeship, coaching, mentorship, on the job training.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
'์–ดํ”„๋ Œํ‹ฐ์‹ญ', '์ฝ”์นญ', '๋ฉ˜ํ† ๋ง', '์‹ค๋ฌด ํ›ˆ๋ จ' ๋“ฑ.
02:05
In surgery, itโ€™s called โ€œsee one, do one, teach one.โ€
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์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์—์„œ๋Š” '๋ณด๊ณ  ๋”ฐ๋ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋‹ค'๋กœ ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
But the process is the same,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ณผ์ •์€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:10
and itโ€™s been the main path to skill around the globe for thousands of years.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
Right now, weโ€™re handling AI in a way that blocks that path.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ๋ฐฉํ•ด๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:21
Weโ€™re sacrificing learning in our quest for productivity.
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ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
02:25
I found this first in surgery while I was at MIT,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ MIT์— ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ˜„์ƒ์ด ๊ณณ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
but now Iโ€™ve got evidence itโ€™s happening all over,
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02:30
in very different industries and with very different kinds of AI.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฐ์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
02:35
If we do nothing, millions of us are going to hit a brick wall
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์•„๋ฌด๋Ÿฐ ๋Œ€์ฒ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
02:40
as we try to learn to deal with AI.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ๋งŒ์„ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ค๋ช… ์ข€ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ‘์‹œ๋‹ค.
02:45
Letโ€™s go back to surgery to see how.
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02:47
Fast forward six months.
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6๊ฐœ์›” ํ›„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Itโ€™s 6:30am again, and Kristen is wheeling another prostate patient in,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์•„์นจ 6์‹œ30๋ถ„,
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋ฐ€์–ด ์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
but this time to the robotic OR.
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๋‹ค๋งŒ ์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
The attending leads attaching
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์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ํŒ”์ด 4๊ฐœ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๊ฐ€ ์ฒœ ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ์ธ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„
03:01
a four-armed, thousand-pound robot to the patient.
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ํ™˜์ž์— ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
They both rip off their scrubs,
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋ณต์„ ๋ฒ—๊ณ 
03:07
head to control consoles 10 or 15 feet away,
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10์—์„œ 15 ํ”ผํŠธ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ์ปจํŠธ๋กค ์ฝ˜์†”๋กœ ํ–ฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:11
and Kristen just watches.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์€
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ
๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
The robot allows the attending to do the whole procedure himself,
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๋กœ๋ด‡๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๊ฐ€ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ๋‹ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ
03:19
so he basically does.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ ๋‹ค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
He knows she needs practice.
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์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์—๊ฒŒ ์—ฐ์Šต์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ํ†ต์ œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:24
He wants to give her control.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋” ๋Š๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ค์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์„œ
03:26
But he also knows sheโ€™d be slower and make more mistakes,
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03:29
and his patient comes first.
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ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ฐจ๋งˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
So Kristin has no hope of getting anywhere near those nerves during this rotation.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด๋ฒˆ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์—์„œ๋Š” ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด์ด
๊ทธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋“ค ๊ทผ์ฒ˜์—๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:37
Sheโ€™ll be lucky if she operates more than 15 minutes during a four-hour procedure.
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4์‹œ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ 15๋ถ„์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์šด์ด ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:42
And she knows that when she slips up,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๋„
03:45
heโ€™ll tap a touch screen, and sheโ€™ll be watching again,
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์ฃผ์น˜์˜๊ฐ€ ์Šคํฌ๋ฆฐ์„ ํ„ฐ์น˜ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ์ž์‹ ์€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
03:48
feeling like a kid in the corner with a dunce cap.
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๋งˆ์น˜ ๋ฐ”๋ณด ๋ชจ์ž๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ๊ตฌ์„์— ์•‰์€ ๋ฒŒ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์•„์ด์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
03:53
Like all the studies of robots and work Iโ€™ve done in the last eight years,
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์ง€๋‚œ 8๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ผ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋กœ๋ด‡ ๊ด€๋ จ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
ํฌ๊ด„์ ์ด๊ณ  ์—ด๋ฆฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌธ์ œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
I started this one with a big, open question:
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03:59
How do we learn to work with intelligent machines?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฒ•์„ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ?
04:02
To find out, I spent two and a half years observing dozens of residents and surgeons
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ
์ˆ˜์‹ญ์—ฌ ๋ช…์˜ ์™ธ๊ณผ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ์™€ ์ฃผ์น˜์˜๋“ค์ด
04:08
doing traditional and robotic surgery, interviewing them
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์ „ํ†ต ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ 
๋ฐฐ์›€์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋“ค์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:12
and in general hanging out with the residents as they tried to learn.
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๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋ฉฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:16
I covered 18 of the top US teaching hospitals,
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ 18๊ฐœ ๋Œ€ํ•™๋ณ‘์›์„ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
04:19
and the story was the same.
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:21
Most residents were in Kristen's shoes.
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์Šคํ‹ด๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
04:24
They got to โ€œsee oneโ€ plenty,
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๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋งŒ
04:27
but the โ€œdo oneโ€ was barely available.
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์ง์ ‘ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
So they couldnโ€™t struggle, and they werenโ€™t learning.
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์–ด๋ ค์›€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์›€๋„ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
This was important news for surgeons, but I needed to know how widespread it was:
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์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์†Œ์‹์ธ๋ฐ
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋„๋ฆฌ ํผ์ ธ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์‹ถ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
Where else was using AI blocking learning on the job?
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์‹ค๋ฌด ๊ต์œก์„ ์‹คํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ๋˜ ์–ด๋””์— ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:42
To find out, Iโ€™ve connected with a small but growing group of young researchers
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๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์ง€๋งŒ ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ Š์€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ์—ฐ๋ฝ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
whoโ€™ve done boots-on-the-ground studies of work involving AI
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์— ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์‹ค์šฉ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ•ด์™”์ง€์š”.
04:50
in very diverse settings like start-ups, policing,
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค๋ฉด ์ฐฝ์—…, ์น˜์•ˆ ์œ ์ง€,
ํˆฌ์ž ์€ํ–‰ ์—…๋ฌด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก๊นŒ์ง€ ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
investment banking and online education.
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04:55
Like me, they spent at least a year and many hundreds of hours observing,
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ ์–ด๋„ 1๋…„ ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ
์—ฐ๊ตฌ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์ข…์ข… ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์—…๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
interviewing and often working side-by-side with the people they studied.
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05:06
We shared data, and I looked for patterns.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํŒจํ„ด์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋ดค์–ด์š”.
05:09
No matter the industry, the work, the AI, the story was the same.
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์–ด๋–ค ์—…๊ณ„๋“ , ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด๋“ , ์–ด๋–ค ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด๋“ 
์ƒํ™ฉ์€ ๋˜‘ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Organizations were trying harder and harder to get results from AI,
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์–ป์œผ๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ 
05:19
and they were peeling learners away from expert work as they did it.
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์ดˆ๋ณด์ž๋“ค์„ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์ธ ์ผ์—์„œ ์† ๋–ผ๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
Start-up managers were outsourcing their customer contact.
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์ฐฝ์—… ๊ด€๋ฆฌ์ž๋“ค์€
๊ณ ๊ฐ์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์™ธ์ฃผ์— ๋งก๊ฒผ๊ณ ์š”.
05:27
Cops had to learn to deal with crime forecasts without experts support.
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ง€์›์ด ์—†์ด ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์˜ˆ์ธก์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Junior bankers were getting cut out of complex analysis,
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์€ํ–‰์˜ ์‹ ์ž… ์ง์›๋“ค์€ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
05:36
and professors had to build online courses without help.
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๋”๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์€ ๋„์›€์ด ์—†์ด ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ชจ๋“  ๋ถ„์•ผ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์™€ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
And the effect of all of this was the same as in surgery.
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05:44
Learning on the job was getting much harder.
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์ง์ ‘ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์–ด๋ ค์›Œ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
This canโ€™t last.
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๊ณ„์† ์ด๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์•ˆ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
McKinsey estimates that between half a billion and a billion of us
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๋งฅ์บ”์ง€๋Š” 2030๋…„์ด ๋˜๋ฉด ์ผ์ƒ ์—…๋ฌด์—์„œ
5์–ต ๋ช…์—์„œ 10์–ต ๋ช… ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
05:55
are going to have to adapt to AI in our daily work by 2030.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ถ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋™์‹œ์— ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •๋„
06:01
And weโ€™re assuming that on-the-job learning
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊ณผ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ๊ณ„์†๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
will be there for us as we try.
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06:05
Accentureโ€™s latest workers survey showed that most workers learned key skills
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์—‘์„ผ์ธ„์–ด์˜ ์ตœ์‹  ์กฐ์‚ฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด
๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์ด ์ •์‹ ๊ต์œก๋ณด๋‹ค ์ง์žฅ์—์„œ ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:09
on the job, not in formal training.
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
So while we talk a lot about its potential future impact,
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ์ž ์žฌ์  ์˜ํ–ฅ๋ ฅ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ๋•Œ
06:16
the aspect of AI that may matter most right now
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์ง€๊ธˆ ํ˜„์žฌ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
06:20
is that weโ€™re handling it in a way that blocks learning on the job
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ์˜ ๋ฐฐ์›€์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
just when we need it most.
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๋”ฑ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ์‹œ์ ์—์š”.
06:27
Now across all our sites, a small minority found a way to learn.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜„์žฅ ์ค‘์—
ํ•œ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ์ง‘๋‹จ์ด ๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:35
They did it by breaking and bending rules.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์น™์„ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์™œ๊ณกํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์„ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
06:39
Approved methods werenโ€™t working, so they bent and broke rules
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๊ทœ์น™๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์‹œํ•ด์„œ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ค์Šต์„ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:43
to get hands-on practice with experts.
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06:45
In my setting, residents got involved in robotic surgery in medical school
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์ œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
๋ ˆ์ง€๋˜ํŠธ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋Œ€์—์„œ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
06:51
at the expense of their generalist education.
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๋Œ€์‹  ์ผ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์„ ์ƒ๋žตํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:56
And they spent hundreds of extra hours with simulators and recordings of surgery,
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์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋“ค์—ฌ์„œ
๋…นํ™”๋œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ์˜์ƒ์„ ์‹œ์ฒญํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:02
when you were supposed to learn in the OR.
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์›๋ž˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹ค์—์„œ ๋ฐฐ์›Œ์•ผ ํ•จ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ์š”.
07:05
And maybe most importantly, they found ways to struggle
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ชจ์Šต์€
์ „๋ฌธ์˜์˜ ์ง€๋„๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ๋ถ€์กฑํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ๋„ ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์— ๋„์ „ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:08
in live procedures with limited expert supervision.
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07:13
I call all this โ€œshadow learning,โ€ because it bends the rules
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ "๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž ํ•™์Šต"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทœ์น™ ์œ„๋ฐ˜์ด๋ฉฐ ๋ชฐ๋ž˜ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:18
and learnerโ€™s do it out of the limelight.
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07:21
And everyone turns a blind eye because it gets results.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿผ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๋ˆˆ๊ฐ์•„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์„ฑ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:25
Remember, these are the star pupils of the bunch.
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์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
Now, obviously, this is not OK, and itโ€™s not sustainable.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ด๋Š” ์˜ณ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ  ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์† ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
No one should have to risk getting fired
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๊ทธ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ํ•ด๊ณ ๋‹นํ•  ์œ„ํ˜‘์„ ๋ฌด๋ฆ…์“ฐ๊ณ 
07:35
to learn the skills they need to do their job.
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์ง์—…์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
But we do need to learn from these people.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ ์€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:41
They took serious risks to learn.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐฐ์›€์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํฐ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
They understood they needed to protect struggle and challenge in their work
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์—…๋ฌด์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋„์ „๊ณผ ๋‚œ๊ด€์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ๋งŒ
07:49
so that they could push themselves to tackle hard problems
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์–ด๋ ค์šด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ
์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์„ ํ•œ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ์•˜์ง€์š”.
07:52
right near the edge of their capacity.
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07:54
They also made sure there was an expert nearby
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ทธ๋“ค๋„ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ๊ณณ์— ์ „๋ฌธ์˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ
07:56
to offer pointers and to backstop against catastrophe.
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์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€๋น„์ฑ…๊ณผ ์ถฉ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
Letโ€™s build this combination of struggle and expert support
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์ด ๋„์ „๊ณผ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜ ๋„์›€์˜ ์กฐํ•ฉ์„
08:04
into each AI implementation.
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์ด ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉํ•ด๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค.
08:08
Hereโ€™s one clear example I could get of this on the ground.
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋‹น์žฅ ์ œ ๋จธ๋ฆฟ์†์— ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:12
Before robots,
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๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋Š”
08:13
if you were a bomb disposal technician, you dealt with an IED by walking up to it.
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ํญํƒ„ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€์˜€๋‹ค๋ฉด
์ง์ ‘ ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์ œํญํƒ„์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:19
A junior officer was hundreds of feet away,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ํ›„๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๋ฐฑ ํ”ผํŠธ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์—์„œ
08:21
so could only watch and help if you decided it was safe
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๋ณด๊ธฐ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŒ๋‹จํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ์—๋งŒ ์™€์„œ ๋„์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
08:24
and invited them downrange.
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08:27
Now you sit side-by-side in a bomb-proof truck.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์—๋Š” ๋ฐฉํƒ„ ํŠธ๋Ÿญ์— ๋‚˜๋ž€ํžˆ ์•‰์•„์„œ
08:31
You both watched the video feed.
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ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์˜์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜„์žฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๋ฉฐ
08:32
They control a distant robot, and you guide the work out loud.
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ํ›„๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘ ๋กœ๋ด‡์„ ์›๊ฒฉ ์กฐ์ข…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์˜†์—์„œ ์ง€๋„๋งŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:37
Trainees learn better than they did before robots.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋กœ๋ด‡์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์ „๋ณด๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์Šต์ž๋“ค์€ ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋” ์ž˜ ๋ฐฐ์›๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:41
We can scale this to surgery, start-ups, policing,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์‹์€ ์ˆ˜์ˆ , ์ฐฝ์—…, ์น˜์•ˆ์œ ์ง€,
08:45
investment banking, online education and beyond.
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ํˆฌ์ž ์€ํ–‰ ์—…๋ฌด, ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ๊ต์œก ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์— ์ ์šฉ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
The good news is weโ€™ve got new tools to do it.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค๋„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
08:51
The internet and the cloud mean we donโ€™t always need one expert for every trainee,
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๊ณผ ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ๋•๋ถ„์— ํ•œ ๋ช…์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฟ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ 
๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ์žˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋‹จ์ฒด์— ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•„๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์ง€์š”.
08:56
for them to be physically near each other or even to be in the same organization.
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09:01
And we can build AI to help:
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฅผ ๋•๋Š” ์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:05
to coach learners as they struggle, to coach experts as they coach
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๋ฐฐ์šฐ๋ ค๋Š” ํ•™์Šต์ž๋“ค์„ ๋„์šฐ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋•๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
09:10
and to connect those two groups in smart ways.
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์ด ๋‘ ์ง‘๋‹จ์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์‹œ์ผœ์ฃผ๋Š” ์ผ์„ ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
09:15
There are people at work on systems like this,
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์ด๋ฏธ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณณ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
but theyโ€™ve been mostly focused on formal training.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ํ˜•์‹์ ์ธ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์—๋งŒ ์ ์šฉํ•ด์™”์ง€์š”.
09:21
And the deeper crisis is in on-the-job learning.
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ํ—ˆ๋‚˜, ๋” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ํ˜„์žฅ์˜ ์‹ค๋ฌด๊ต์œก์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:24
We must do better.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ ธ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:26
Todayโ€™s problems demand we do better
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์งˆ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
to create work that takes full advantage of AIโ€™s amazing capabilities
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์ธ๊ณต์ง€๋Šฅ์˜ ๋†€๋ผ์šด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
๋™์‹œ์— ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์‹ค๋ ฅ๋„ ํ‚ค์›Œ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:35
while enhancing our skills as we do it.
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09:38
Thatโ€™s the kind of future I dreamed of as a kid.
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์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ๊ฟˆ๊ฟจ๋˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜€๊ณ 
09:41
And the time to create it is now.
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๊ทธ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์‹œ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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