The architectural wonder of impermanent cities | Rahul Mehrotra

82,737 views ・ 2019-08-29

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: h kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:13
On this planet today,
0
13042
2517
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  우리 μ§€κ΅¬μ—λŠ”
00:15
there are about 50 cities that are larger than five million people.
1
15583
5768
인ꡬ 5백만 μ΄μƒμ˜ λ„μ‹œκ°€ μ•½ 50개쯀 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:21
I'm going to share with you the story of one such city,
2
21375
2684
μ €λŠ” μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„κ»˜ μ–΄λ–€ ν•œ λ„μ‹œμ˜ 이야기λ₯Ό λ“€λ €λ“œλ¦΄ν…λ°
00:24
a city of seven million people,
3
24083
2393
인ꡬ 7백만의 λ„μ‹œμ§€λ§Œ
00:26
but a city that's a temporary megacity, an ephemeral megacity.
4
26500
5059
기간이 짧고 νŠΉμ • μ‹œκΈ°μ—λ§Œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” λ©”κ°€μ‹œν‹°μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
This is a city that is built for a Hindu religious festival
5
31583
5060
이 λ„μ‹œλŠ” νžŒλ‘κ΅ μΆ•μ œμΈ
00:36
called Kumbh Mela,
6
36667
1726
μΏ° λ©”μΌλŸ¬λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ κ±΄μ„€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
which occurs every 12 years, in smaller editions every four years,
7
38417
4434
이 μΆ•μ œλŠ” 맀 12λ…„, μ†Œκ·œλͺ¨λ‘œλŠ” 4λ…„λ§ˆλ‹€ 열리며
00:42
and takes place at the confluence
8
42875
2768
μΈλ„μ˜ κ° μ§€μŠ€κ°•κ³Ό μ•Όλ¬΄λ‚˜κ°•μ΄
00:45
of the Ganges and the Yamuna rivers in India.
9
45667
3934
ν•©λ₯˜ν•˜λŠ” μ§€μ μ—μ„œ κ°œμ΅œλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
And for this festival,
10
49625
2393
이 μΆ•μ œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄
00:52
about 100 million people congregate.
11
52042
5017
1μ–΅ λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μ΄μ£ .
00:57
The reason so many people congregate here,
12
57083
2143
μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λͺ¨μ΄λŠ” μ΄μœ λŠ”
00:59
is the Hindus believe that during the festival,
13
59250
4059
νžŒλ‘κ΅ μ‹ μžλ“€μ€
01:03
the cycle every 12 years,
14
63333
1476
12λ…„μ˜ 주기둜 κ°œμ΅œλ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ œ κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ
01:04
if you bathe at the confluence of these two great rivers
15
64833
4143
μœ„λŒ€ν•œ 두 개의 강이 λ§Œλ‚˜λŠ” μ§€μ μ—μ„œ λͺΈμ„ μ”»μœΌλ©΄
01:09
you are freed from rebirth.
16
69000
2268
윀회의 κ΅΄λ ˆμ—μ„œ λ²—μ–΄λ‚  수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―ΏμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
It's a really compelling idea,
17
71292
1642
ꡉμž₯히 ν₯미둜운 생각이죠.
01:12
you are liberated from life as we know it.
18
72958
2601
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆλŠ” μ‚ΆμœΌλ‘œλΆ€ν„° ν•΄λ°©λ˜λŠ” κ±°λ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:15
And this is what attracts these millions.
19
75583
3768
이게 수백만 λͺ…을 λŒμ–΄λͺ¨μœΌλŠ” νž˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:19
And an entire megacity is built to house them.
20
79375
3643
전체 λ©”κ°€μ‹œν‹°κ°€ 이듀을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ§€μ–΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:23
Seven million people live there for the 55 days,
21
83042
3017
7백만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 55일 λ™μ•ˆ 이곳에 μ‚΄κ³ ,
01:26
and the other 100 million visit.
22
86083
3268
또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 1μ–΅ λͺ…이 이곳을 λ°©λ¬Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
These are images from the same spot
23
89375
2101
이 사진듀은 μš°λ¦¬κ°€
01:31
that we took over the 10 weeks
24
91500
2518
같은 μž₯μ†Œλ₯Ό 10μ£Όκ°„ μ΄¬μ˜ν•œ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ
01:34
that it takes for the city to emerge.
25
94042
3059
이 λ„μ‹œκ°€ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜λŠ” λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄μ—¬μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
After the monsoon,
26
97125
1684
μš°κΈ°κ°€ λλ‚˜κ³ 
01:38
as the waters of these rivers begin to recede
27
98833
3310
κ°•μ˜ 물쀄기가 약해지기 μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λ©΄
01:42
and the sand banks expose themselves,
28
102167
2642
λͺ¨λž˜ν†±μ΄ λ“œλŸ¬λ‚˜κ³ 
01:44
it becomes the terrain for the city.
29
104833
3060
이것이 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μ„ΈμšΈ 지역이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
And by the 15th of January,
30
107917
1642
그리고 1μ›” 15μΌκΉŒμ§€
01:49
starting 15th of October to 15th of January,
31
109583
2851
10μ›” 15일뢀터 μ‹œμž‘ν•΄ 1μ›” 15μΌκΉŒμ§€
01:52
in these weeks an entire city emerges.
32
112458
3351
이 기간에 전체 λ„μ‹œκ°€ μƒκ²¨λ‚˜μ£ .
01:55
A city that houses seven million people.
33
115833
3500
7백만 λͺ…을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ” λ„μ‹œκ°€ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
What is fascinating is this city
34
120208
3435
이 λ„μ‹œκ°€ 맀λ ₯적인 μ΄μœ λŠ”
02:03
actually has all the characteristics of a real megacity:
35
123667
4559
μ‹€μ œ λ©”κ°€μ‹œν‹°μ˜ νŠΉμ§•μ„ μ „λΆ€ 가지고 μžˆλ‹€λŠ” μ μ΄μ—μš”.
02:08
a grid is employed to lay the city out.
36
128250
2643
λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 격자λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ κ΅¬νšμ„ λ‚˜λˆ•λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
The urban system is a grid
37
130917
2059
λ„μ‹œ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” 격자λ₯Ό 기반으둜 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ§€κ³ 
02:13
and every street on this city
38
133000
3018
λ„μ‹œμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”
02:16
goes across the river on a pontoon bridge.
39
136042
3059
κ°• μœ„μ— λ„μš΄ 뢀ꡐλ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ κ±΄λ„ˆνŽΈμœΌλ‘œ 이동할 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:19
Incredibly resilient,
40
139125
1518
λ†€λΌμšΈ μ •λ„λ‘œ 탄λ ₯적인 ꡬ쑰인 것이
02:20
because if there's an unseasonal downpour or if the river changes course,
41
140667
5059
λ•Œμ•„λ‹Œ κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ° ν­μš°λ‚˜ κ°•μ˜ κ²½λ‘œκ°€ λ°”λ€Œμ–΄λ„
02:25
the urban system stays intact,
42
145750
1809
λ„μ‹œ μ²΄κ³„λŠ” μ˜¨μ „ν•˜κ²Œ μœ μ§€λ˜κ³ 
02:27
the city adjusts itself to this terrain which can be volatile.
43
147583
4500
가변적인 μ§€ν˜•μ— λ„μ‹œ μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€ μ μ‘ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:33
It also replicates all forms of physical, as well as social, infrastructure.
44
153792
5976
λ˜ν•œ μ˜¨κ°– ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μ‚¬νšŒ, 물리적 κΈ°λ°˜μ‹œμ„€μ„ κ·ΈλŒ€λ‘œ λ”°λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Water supply, sewage, electricity,
45
159792
2892
μƒμˆ˜λ„, ν•˜μˆ˜ 처리, μ „κΈ°,
02:42
there are 1,400 CCTV cameras that are used for security
46
162708
5393
λ³΄μ•ˆμ„ μœ„ν•œ 1,400λŒ€μ˜ CCTV 카메라가
02:48
by an entire station that is set up.
47
168125
3851
ν•„μš”ν•œ λͺ¨λ“  μž₯μ†Œμ— μ„€μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
But also social infrastructure,
48
172000
2434
뿐만 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 곡곡 기반 μ‹œμ„€λ“€
02:54
like clinics, hospitals,
49
174458
2685
μ§„λ£Œμ†Œ, 병원 λ“±
02:57
all sorts of community services,
50
177167
2226
λͺ¨λ“  μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 곡적 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€κ°€
02:59
that make this function like any real megacity would do.
51
179417
4476
μ‹€μ œ λ©”κ°€μ‹œν‹°μ²˜λŸΌ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
10,500 sweepers are employed by the city.
52
183917
6101
1만 5λ°±λͺ…μ˜ μ²­μ†ŒλΆ€κ°€ λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μΌν•˜κ³ μš”.
03:10
It has a governance system, a Mela Adhikari,
53
190042
2351
관리 체계도 κ°–μΆ”κ³  μžˆλŠ”λ° 메일라 아디카리,
03:12
or the commissioner of the festival,
54
192417
2101
λ˜λŠ” μΆ•μ œ μœ„μ›μœΌλ‘œ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 관리가
03:14
that ensures that land is allocated,
55
194542
2392
지역을 ν• λ‹Ήν•˜κ³ ,
03:16
there are systems for all of this,
56
196958
1643
이 λͺ¨λ“  것을 κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 체계λ₯Ό κ°–μΆ”μ–΄
03:18
that the system of the city, the mobility, all works efficiently.
57
198625
4375
λ„μ‹œμ˜ μ œλ„, 주민의 이동 λ“± λͺ¨λ“  것이 효율적으둜 μž‘λ™ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ±…μž„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
You know, it was the cleanest and the most efficient Indian city
58
203833
5101
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„, 이곳은 κ°€μž₯ κΉ¨λ—ν•˜κ³  효율적인 λ„μ‹œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
I've lived in.
59
208958
1268
μ œκ°€ 이제껏 μ‚΄μ•˜λ˜ μΈλ„μ˜ λ„μ‹œ μ€‘μ—μ„œμš”.
03:30
(Laughter)
60
210250
2375
(μ›ƒμŒ)
03:33
And that's what it looks like in comparison to Manhattan,
61
213583
2851
이 λ„μ‹œκ°€ μ–΄λŠ 정도 크기인지 기쑴의 λ„μ‹œμ™€ 비ꡐ할 λ•Œ
03:36
30 square kilometers,
62
216458
2018
30평방 ν‚¬λ‘œλ―Έν„°μ˜ 면적인 λ§¨ν•˜νƒ„κ³Ό
03:38
that's the scale of the city.
63
218500
2934
같은 크기일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
And this is not an informal city or a pop-up city.
64
221458
3976
이곳은 비곡식 λ„μ‹œλ„, μž„μ‹œλ‘œ λ§Œλ“  λ„μ‹œλ„ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
This is a formal city, this is a state enterprise,
65
225458
3351
곡식적인 λ„μ‹œμ΄κ³ , ꡭ영 기업이며,
03:48
the government sets this up.
66
228833
2518
μ •λΆ€κ°€ μ„Έμš΄ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
In today's world of neoliberalism and capitalism,
67
231375
3518
μ‹ μžμœ μ£Όμ˜μ™€ μžλ³Έμ£Όμ˜κ°€ μ£Όλ₯Ό μ΄λ£¨λŠ” μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ
03:54
where the state has devolved itself complete responsibility
68
234917
3976
κ΅­κ°€κ°€ μ „λΆ€ μ±…μž„μ„ 지고
03:58
from making and designing cities,
69
238917
2767
λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό λ§Œλ“€κ³  λ””μžμΈν•˜λŠ”
04:01
this is an incredible case.
70
241708
1310
λ†€λΌμš΄ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
It's a deliberate, intentional city, a formal city.
71
243042
3500
μ˜λ„μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³„νšλœ 곡식 λ„μ‹œμ΄μ£ .
04:07
And it's a city that sits on the ground very lightly.
72
247708
4060
이 λ„μ‹œλŠ” λ•… μœ„μ— μ•„μ£Ό κ°€λ³κ²Œ 자리작고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
It sits on the banks of these rivers.
73
251792
2851
두 κ°•μ˜ λͺ¨λž˜ν†± μœ„μ— 올렀져 μžˆμ–΄μš”.
04:14
And it leaves very little mark.
74
254667
2976
흔적을 거의 남기지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:17
There are no foundations;
75
257667
1767
건물을 짓기 μœ„ν•œ ν† λŒ€λ₯Ό μ„Έμš°μ§€λ„ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
fabric is used to build this entire city.
76
259458
3084
직물을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ λ„μ‹œ 전체λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:23
What's also quite incredible
77
263458
3351
λ˜ν•œ λ†€λΌμš΄ 점은
04:26
is that there are five materials that are used to build this settlement
78
266833
4601
λ‹€μ„― 개의 재료λ₯Ό 가지고
04:31
for seven million people:
79
271458
1934
7만 λͺ…을 μˆ˜μš©ν•  정착지λ₯Ό λ§Œλ“ λ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€:
04:33
eight-foot tall bamboo, string or rope,
80
273416
3102
8ν”ΌνŠΈ 길이의 λŒ€λ‚˜λ¬΄, 끈 λ˜λŠ” 밧쀄,
04:36
nails or screw and a skinning material.
81
276542
2601
λͺ»κ³Ό λ‚˜μ‚¬, κ»μ§ˆμ„ λ²—κΈ°λŠ” 도ꡬ λ“±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:39
Could be corrugated metal, a fabric or plastic.
82
279167
3726
골이 진 κ°•νŒμ΄λ‚˜ 천, ν”ŒλΌμŠ€ν‹±μ΄ 될 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
04:42
And these materials come together and aggregate.
83
282917
3642
이 μž¬λ£Œλ“€μ„ ν•œλ° λͺ¨μ•„ ν•©μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:46
It's like a kit of parts.
84
286583
1768
λΆ€ν’ˆ μ„ΈνŠΈ κ°™μ£ .
04:48
And it's used all the way from a small tent,
85
288375
3559
이 μž¬λ£ŒλŠ” λͺ¨λ“  곳에 μ‚¬μš© λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:51
which might house five or six people, or a family,
86
291958
3018
λŒ€μ—¬μ„― λͺ… λ˜λŠ” ν•œ 가쑱을 μˆ˜μš©ν•˜λŠ” μž‘μ€ ν…νŠΈμ—μ„œ λΆ€ν„°
04:55
to temples that can house 500, sometimes 1,000 people.
87
295000
3851
500λͺ… λ˜λŠ” 1,000λͺ…을 μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 사원을 λ§Œλ“œλŠ” 것 κΉŒμ§€λ„μš”.
04:58
And this kit of parts, and this imagination of the city,
88
298875
3768
이 λΆ€ν’ˆ μ„ΈνŠΈμ™€ 창의적인 λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ 지어진 이 λ„μ‹œλŠ”
05:02
allows it to be disassembled.
89
302667
3142
해체가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:05
And so at the end of the festival, within a week,
90
305833
2601
μΆ•μ œμ˜ λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰ 일주일 λ™μ•ˆ
05:08
the entire city is disassembled.
91
308458
2143
전체 λ„μ‹œκ°€ ν•΄μ²΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:10
These are again images from the same spot.
92
310625
2559
같은 μž₯μ†Œμ˜ μ‚¬μ§„μΈλ°μš”.
05:13
And the terrain is offered back to the river,
93
313208
2768
ν•΄λ‹Ή 지역은 κ°•μœΌλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€κ³ 
05:16
as with the monsoon the water swells again.
94
316000
3059
λͺ¬μˆœμ΄ 되면 물이 λ‹€μ‹œ λΆˆμ–΄λ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:19
And it's this sort of imagination as a kit of parts
95
319083
2518
λΆ€ν’ˆ μ„ΈνŠΈλ₯Ό μ²˜λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 방식은
05:21
that allows this disassembly
96
321625
1726
해채뿐 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
05:23
and the reabsorption of all this material.
97
323375
2476
λͺ¨λ“  재료λ₯Ό λ‹€μ‹œ ν‘μˆ˜ν•˜λŠ” 데 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:25
So the electricity poles go to little villages in the hinterland,
98
325875
3934
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ „λ΄‡λŒ€λ“€μ€ λ‚΄λ₯™ μ§€μ—­μ˜ μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„λ“€λ‘œ 보내지고
05:29
the pontoon bridges are used in small towns,
99
329833
2435
λΆ€κ΅λŠ” μž‘μ€ λ„μ‹œμ—μ„œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ©°
05:32
the material is all reabsorbed.
100
332292
2351
μž¬λ£Œλ“€ λͺ¨λ‘ 재흑수되죠.
05:34
Fascinating, it's amazing.
101
334667
1958
멋지고 λ†€λΌμš΄ μΌμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:37
Now, you may embrace these Hindu beliefs or not.
102
337875
3851
μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μΈ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ νžŒλ‘κ΅ 신앙을 받아듀일 μˆ˜λ„, 아닐 μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:41
But you know, this is a stunning example,
103
341750
2601
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 이건 ꡉμž₯히 멋진 사둀이고
05:44
and it's worthy of reflection.
104
344375
2226
λ°˜μ˜ν•  κ°€μΉ˜κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:46
Here, human beings spend an enormous amount of energy and imagination
105
346625
6059
자, 인λ₯˜λŠ” μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ–‘μ˜ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ™€ 상상λ ₯을 μŸμ•„ λΆ€μ–΄
05:52
knowing that the city is going to reverse,
106
352708
2226
λ„μ‹œκ°€ νƒˆλ°”κΏˆν•˜λŠ” 것을 μ•Œλ¦¬λŠ”λ° μΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
05:54
it's going to be disassembled,
107
354958
1643
μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” ν•΄μ²΄λ˜κ³ ,
05:56
it's going to disappear,
108
356625
2184
μ‚¬λΌμ§ˆ
05:58
it's the ephemeral megacity.
109
358833
2375
μœ νš¨ν•œ 수λͺ…μ˜ λ©”κ°€μ‹œν‹°λ₯Όμš”.
06:02
And it has profound lessons to teach us.
110
362375
2601
이것은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ κ΅ν›ˆμ„ μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:05
Lessons about how to touch the ground lightly,
111
365000
2851
λŒ€μ§€μ˜ 손상을 μ΅œμ†Œλ‘œ ν•˜μ—¬
06:07
about reversibility,
112
367875
2476
λ‹€μ‹œ μ›λž˜ μƒνƒœλ‘œ 되돌릴 수 있고
06:10
about disassembly.
113
370375
1500
해체가 μš©μ΄ν•œ 방법둠에 λŒ€ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ„μš”.
06:12
Rather amazing.
114
372958
1250
μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ†€λžμ£ .
06:16
And you know, we are, as humans, obsessed with permanence.
115
376042
3892
μ•Œλ‹€μ‹œν”Ό, 우리 인간은 λ³€ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ˜μ†μ„±μ— μ§‘μ°©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:19
We resist change.
116
379958
2125
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 변화에 μ €ν•­ν•˜λ € ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:23
It's an impulse that we all have.
117
383042
2351
우리 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ 가진 생리적 μš•κ΅¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:25
And we resist change in spite of the fact
118
385417
2851
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 변화에 λ§žμ„œλ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:28
that change is perhaps the only constant in our lives.
119
388292
3559
λ³€ν™”κ°€ 우리 μƒμ• λ™μ•ˆ λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μœ μΌν•œ μ‚¬κ±΄μ΄λΌλŠ” 사싀에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ μš”.
06:31
Everything has an expiry date,
120
391875
2268
λͺ¨λ“  것은 유효 기간이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:34
including Spaceship Earth, our planet.
121
394167
3208
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λͺΈλ‹΄κ³  μžˆλŠ” 행성인 μ§€κ΅¬λΌλŠ” μš°μ£Όμ„ λ„ ν¬ν•¨ν•΄μ„œμš”.
06:38
So what can we learn from these sorts of settlements?
122
398500
3809
이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κ±°μ£Ό 방식을 톡해 μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 무엇을 배울 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
06:42
Burning Man, of course much smaller,
123
402333
2351
λ¬Όλ‘ , μ’€ 더 μž‘μ€ 규λͺ¨μΈ 버닝맨 μΆ•μ œκ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€λ§Œ,
06:44
but reversible.
124
404708
2060
λ‹€μ‹œ μ›λž˜ μƒνƒœλ‘œ λ˜λŒμ•„κ°€μ£ .
06:46
Or the thousands of markets for transaction,
125
406792
2976
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 거래λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 수천 개의 μ‹œμž₯μ€μš”?
06:49
that appear around the globe
126
409792
2392
지ꡬ μ–΄λ””μ„œλ‚˜ λ³Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
06:52
in Asia, Latin America, Africa, this one in Mexico,
127
412208
3435
μ•„μ‹œμ•„, 라틴 아메리카, μ•„ν”„λ¦¬μΉ΄λ„μš”. μ—¬κΈ° λ©•μ‹œμ½”μ˜ ν•œ 곳은
06:55
where the parking lots are animated on the weekends, about 50,000 vendors,
128
415667
4601
주말에 μ£Όμ°¨μž₯을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 5만 μ—¬ 판맀처λ₯Ό μˆ˜μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:00
but on a temporal cycle.
129
420292
1666
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 짧은 주기둜 μ§€μ†λ˜μ§€μš”.
07:02
The farmer's market in the Americas:
130
422792
2642
미ꡭ의 농산물 직거래μž₯은,
07:05
it's an amazing phenomenon, creates new chemistries,
131
425458
4018
이것은 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ ν˜„μƒμœΌλ‘œ, μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν™”ν•™λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€κ³ ,
07:09
extends the margin of space
132
429500
2184
λΉ„μ–΄ μžˆλŠ” κ³΅κ°„μ˜ ν™œμš©μ„ ν™•μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:11
that is unused or not used optimally, like parking lots, for example.
133
431708
3959
μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ§€ μ•Šκ±°λ‚˜ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 쓰이지 μ•ŠλŠ” κ°€λ Ή, μ£Όμ°¨μž₯ 같은 곳이죠.
07:17
In my own city of Mumbai,
134
437292
1476
μ €λŠ” 뭄바이 μ‹œμ—μ„œ
07:18
where I practice as an architect and a planner,
135
438792
3101
건좕가와 λ„μ‹œ 건좕 기획자둜 μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:21
I see this in the everyday landscape.
136
441917
2601
맀일 λ„μ‹œμ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ³΄λ©΄μ„œ 깨달은 점이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:24
I call this the Kinetic City.
137
444542
1934
μ €λŠ” 이것을 ν‚€λ„€ν‹± μ‹œν‹°λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:26
It twitches like a live organism; it's not static.
138
446500
3226
이 λ„μ‹œλŠ” 정지해 μžˆλŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ 유기체처럼 ν™œλ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:29
It changes every day,
139
449750
1809
맀일 λͺ¨μŠ΅μ„ λ°”κΏ‰λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:31
on sometimes predictable cycles.
140
451583
2601
가끔은 μ˜ˆμƒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μ£ΌκΈ°λ‘œμš”.
07:34
About six million people
141
454208
1643
μ•½ 6만 λͺ…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄
07:35
live in these kinds of temporary settlements.
142
455875
3476
이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ μž„μ‹œ 거주지 ν˜•μ‹μ—μ„œ μ‚΄κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:39
Like -- unfortunately, like refugee camps,
143
459375
3143
마치... ν‘œν˜„μ„ ν•˜μžλ©΄, λ‚œλ―Ό μΊ ν”„λ‚˜,
07:42
the slums of Mumbai, the favelas of Latin America.
144
462542
3517
λ­„λ°”μ΄μ˜ 빈민촌, 라틴 μ•„λ©”λ¦¬μΉ΄μ˜ 빈민 지역인 파벨라 μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
07:46
Here, the temporary is becoming the new permanent.
145
466083
3726
μΌμ‹œμ„±μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ˜κ΅¬μ„±μ΄ 되고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:49
Here, urbanism is not about grand vision,
146
469833
4310
λ„μ‹œ κ³„νšμ€ μ›λŒ€ν•œ κ³„νšμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
07:54
it's about grand adjustment.
147
474167
2458
총괄적인 쑰정을 λ‹€λ£¨λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
07:57
On the street in Mumbai, during the Ganesh festival,
148
477625
4434
가넀쉬 μΆ•μ œ λ™μ•ˆ λ­„λ°”μ΄μ˜ κ±°λ¦¬λŠ”
08:02
a transformation.
149
482083
1518
변신을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:03
A community hall is created for 10 days.
150
483625
3101
10일 λ™μ•ˆ λ§ˆμ„ νšŒκ΄€μ΄ μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:06
Bollywood films are shown,
151
486750
1976
λ°œλ¦¬μš°λ“œ μ˜ν™”λ₯Ό λ³Ό 수 있고,
08:08
thousands congregate for dinners and celebration.
152
488750
3309
수천 λͺ…이 저녁 식사와 μΆ•ν•˜ 행사λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λͺ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:12
It's made out of paper-mache and plaster of Paris.
153
492083
3060
λ§ˆμ„ νšŒκ΄€μ€ 쒅이 κ³΅μ˜ˆλ‚˜ μ†Œμ„κ³ λ₯Ό μ΄μš©ν•΄ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:15
Designed to be disassembled,
154
495167
1976
λΆ„ν•΄κ°€ κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ„λ‘ κ³ μ•ˆ 되고
08:17
and in 10 days, overnight, it disappears,
155
497167
3017
10일이 μ§€λ‚˜ ν•œλ°€ 쀑에 μ‚¬λΌμ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:20
and the street goes back to anonymity.
156
500208
2726
κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” μ˜ˆμ „μ˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:22
Or our wonderful open spaces, we call them maidans.
157
502958
3685
멋진 μ—΄λ¦° 곡간인 κ΄‘μž₯은, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 이곳을 λ§ˆμ΄λ‹¨μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:26
And it's used for this incredibly nuanced and complicated,
158
506667
4601
이 곡간은 μƒλ‹Ήνžˆ λ―Έλ¬˜ν•˜κ³  λ³΅μž‘ν•˜λ©°
08:31
fascinating Indian game, called cricket,
159
511292
2892
λ˜ν•œ 맀λ ₯적인 μΈλ„μ˜ κ²Œμž„, 크리켓이라 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” κ²½κΈ°λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ‘°μ„±λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:34
which, I believe, the British invented.
160
514208
1893
μ œκ°€ μ•ŒκΈ°λ‘ , μ˜κ΅­μΈλ“€μ΄ 발λͺ…ν–ˆμ£ .
08:36
(Laughter)
161
516125
1143
(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:37
And in the evenings,
162
517292
2767
μ €λ…μ—λŠ”
08:40
a wedding wraps around the cricket pitch --
163
520083
2018
크리켓 ν”ΌμΉ˜ κ·Όλ°©μ—μ„œ μ—΄λ¦° κ²°ν˜Όμ‹μ΄ λλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:42
Notice, the cricket pitch is not touched, it's sacred ground.
164
522125
2857
κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜μ…”μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€, 성역인 크리켓 ν”ΌμΉ˜λŠ” κ±΄λ“œλ¦¬λ©΄ μ•ˆλ˜μš”.
08:45
(Laughter)
165
525006
1345
(μ›ƒμŒ)
08:46
But here, the club members and the wedding party
166
526375
3518
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ΄κ³³μ—μ„œ 클럽 멀버듀과 κ²°ν˜Όμ‹ ν•˜κ°λ“€μ€
08:49
partake in tea through a common kitchen.
167
529917
2641
곡동 μ£Όλ°©μ—μ„œ μ°¨λ₯Ό λ§ˆμ‹­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:52
And at midnight, it's disassembled,
168
532582
2936
μžμ •μ΄ 되면 그곳은 ν•΄μ²΄λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:55
and the space offered back to the city.
169
535542
3017
곡간은 λ„μ‹œμ˜ μ›λž˜ λͺ¨μŠ΅μœΌλ‘œ λŒμ•„κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
08:58
Here, urbanism is an elastic condition.
170
538583
2584
λ„μ‹œ μƒν™œμ€ 변동적인 μƒν™©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:02
And so, if we reflect about these questions,
171
542583
3268
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이런 λ¬Έμ œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹¬μ‚¬μˆ™κ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
09:05
I mean, I think many come to mind.
172
545875
2518
λ§Žμ€ 의견이 λ– μ˜€λ₯Ό 것이라 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:08
But an important one is,
173
548417
2476
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은
09:10
are we really, in our cities,
174
550917
1726
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ‚¬λŠ” λ„μ‹œ,
09:12
in our imagination about urbanism,
175
552667
2726
λ„μ‹œ κ³„νšμ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 방식이
09:15
making permanent solutions for temporary problems?
176
555417
4517
μΌμ‹œμ  문제λ₯Ό λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ 영ꡬ적 해결책을 μ°Ύκ³  μžˆλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:19
Are we locking resources into paradigms
177
559958
2976
이미 μ§œμ—¬μ§„ 체계 μ•ˆμ— μžμ›μ„ 가두고 μžˆλŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹κΉŒμš”?
09:22
that we don't even know will be relevant in a decade?
178
562958
3476
μ‹­ λ…„μ΄λ‚˜ μœ νš¨ν•  지 어떨지 λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 체계 μ•ˆμ—μ„œμš”.
09:26
This becomes, I think,
179
566458
1268
제 생각에 이것은
09:27
an interesting question that arises from this research.
180
567750
3601
이 연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 μƒκ²¨λ‚œ ν₯미둜운 μ§ˆλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:31
I mean, look at the abandoned shopping malls in North America,
181
571375
3184
뢁미의 더이상 μ˜μ—…ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” μ‡Όν•‘λͺ°λ“€μ„ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
09:34
suburban North America.
182
574583
1435
뢁미 ꡐ외에 λ°©μΉ˜λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:36
Retail experts have predicted that in the next decade,
183
576042
4101
μ†Œλ§€ 전문가듀이 μ˜ˆμƒν•˜κΈΈ, μ•žμœΌλ‘œ 10λ…„ μ•ˆμ—
09:40
of the 2,000 malls that exist today,
184
580167
2851
μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ” 2,000μ—¬ 개의 μ‡Όν•‘λͺ° 쀑
09:43
50 percent will be abandoned.
185
583042
2267
50%λŠ” νν—ˆκ°€ 될 것이라 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:45
Massive amount of material, capturing resources,
186
585333
4768
μ–΄λ§ˆμ–΄λ§ˆν•œ μ–‘μ˜ 물질, 물자λ₯Ό μ μœ ν•˜λŠ” 것은
09:50
that will not be relevant soon.
187
590125
2417
곧 μ μ ˆν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 일이 될 κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
09:53
Or the Olympic stadiums.
188
593292
1851
μ˜¬λ¦Όν•„ κ²½κΈ°μž₯은 μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”?
09:55
Around the globe, cities build these
189
595167
2642
μ „ μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ, λ„μ‹œλ“€μ€
09:57
under great contestation with massive resources,
190
597833
3185
μΉ˜μ—΄ν•œ 경쟁과 μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μžμ›μ„ μŸμ•„λΆ€μ–΄ κ²½κΈ°μž₯을 λ§Œλ“€μ§€λ§Œ
10:01
but after the games go,
191
601042
1976
μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½ κ²Œμž„μ΄ λλ‚˜λ©΄
10:03
they can't often get absorbed into the city.
192
603042
2434
λ„μ‹œλ‘œ ν‘μˆ˜λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:05
Couldn't these be nomadic structures, deflatable,
193
605500
3434
이것을 μΆ•μ†Œκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 이동식 ꡬ쑰둜 λ§Œλ“€ 순 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
10:08
we have the technology for that,
194
608958
1810
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” κ·Έ κΈ°μˆ μ„ κ°€μ§ˆ 수 μ—†λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
10:10
that get gifted to smaller towns around the world or in those countries,
195
610792
4351
κ°œμ΅œμ§€λ‚˜ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ‚˜λΌμ˜ μž‘μ€ λ§ˆμ„λ‘œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 것을 μ£Όκ±°λ‚˜
10:15
or are stored and moved for the next Olympics?
196
615167
4809
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ λ‹€μŒμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 있게 λ³΄κ΄€ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ΄λ™ν•˜λŠ” 방법이 μ—†μ„κΉŒμš”?
10:20
A massive, inefficient use of resources.
197
620000
3833
κ±°λŒ€ν•˜κ³  λΉ„νš¨μœ¨μ μΈ μžμ› λ‚­λΉ„ 행사인 μ˜¬λ¦Όν”½μ—μ„œμš”.
10:24
Like the circus.
198
624667
1309
μ„œμ»€μŠ€λ‹¨ μ²˜λŸΌμš”.
10:26
I mean, we could imagine it like the circus,
199
626000
2101
제 말은, μ„œμ»€μŠ€λ‹¨μ„ 상상해 λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
10:28
this wonderful institution that used to camp in cities,
200
628125
2851
이 멋진 λ‹¨μ²΄λŠ” λ„μ‹œμ— λ¨Έλ¬Ό λ•Œ
10:31
set up this lovely kind of visual dialogue with the static city.
201
631000
4893
κ³ μ •λœ λ„μ‹œμ— 멋지고 μ‹œκ°μ μœΌλ‘œ λˆˆμ— λ„λŠ” κ°μ–‘κ°μƒ‰μ˜ ν…νŠΈλ₯Ό μ„€μΉ˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:35
And within it, the amazement.
202
635917
2684
κ·Έ μ•ˆμ—λŠ”, 놀라움이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:38
Children of different ethnic groups become suddenly aware of each other,
203
638625
4934
λ‹€λ₯Έ 민쑱의 어린이듀이 μ„œλ‘œλ₯Ό μ•Œκ²Œ 되고,
10:43
people of color become aware of others,
204
643583
2143
λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μΈμ’…μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ‚©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:45
income groups and cultures and ethnicities
205
645750
3143
μ†Œλ“μΈ΅, λ¬Έν™”, 인쒅
10:48
all come together around the amazement of the ring with animals and performers.
206
648917
5476
μ›ν˜• λ¬΄λŒ€ μœ„ 동물과 μΆœμ—°μžλ“€μ˜ λ†€λΌμš΄ 곡연을 보러 λͺ¨λ‘ ν•¨κ»˜ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:54
New chemistries are created, people become aware of things,
207
654417
3267
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν™”ν•™ λ°˜μ‘μ΄ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜κ³ , μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 점점 그것을 μΈμ‹ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
10:57
and this moves on to the next town.
208
657708
3060
그리고 μ„œμ»€μŠ€λ‹¨μ€ λ‹€μŒ λ„μ‹œλ‘œ μ΄λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:00
Or nature, the fluxes of nature, climate change,
209
660792
3559
μžμ—°μ€ μ–΄λ–€κ°€μš”, μžμ—°μ˜ λŠμž„ μ—†λŠ” λ³€ν™”, κΈ°ν›„ λ³€ν™” κ°™μ΄μš”.
11:04
how do we deal with this, can we be more accommodating?
210
664375
3559
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이것을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”? 이 상황을 더 μˆ˜μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:07
Can we create softer urban systems?
211
667958
2643
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ’€ 더 μœ μ—°ν•œ λ„μ‹œ 체계λ₯Ό μ°½μ‘°ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
11:10
Or are we going to challenge nature continuously
212
670625
2601
μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 계속 μžμ—°μ— λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ 도전할 κ±΄κ°€μš”?
11:13
with heavy infrastructure,
213
673250
1601
κ²¬κ³ ν•œ μ‚¬νšŒ 기반 μ‹œμ„€μ„ ν†΅ν•΄μ„œμš”?
11:14
which we are already doing, unsuccessfully?
214
674875
2792
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 이미 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”, 성곡적이지 μ•Šμ€ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œμš”?
11:18
Now, I'm not arguing
215
678625
1476
μ§€κΈˆ μ €λŠ”
11:20
that we've got to make our cities like a circus,
216
680125
2434
λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μ„œμ»€μŠ€ 처럼 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:22
I'm not arguing that cities must be completely temporary.
217
682583
3435
λ„μ‹œκ°€ μ™„μ „νžˆ μž„μ‹œμ μ΄ λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•œλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:26
I'm only making a plea
218
686042
1601
μ €λŠ” κ°„μ²­ν•  λΏμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:27
that we need to make a shift in our imagination about cities,
219
687667
3017
λ„μ‹œμ— λŒ€ν•œ 우리의 생각에 λ³€ν™”κ°€ ν•„μš”ν•˜λ‹€κ³ μš”.
11:30
where we need to reserve more space
220
690708
3018
λ„μ‹œ μ•ˆμ— 곡간을 μ’€ 더 남겨 두어
11:33
for uses on a temporal scale.
221
693750
2934
μΌμ‹œμ μΈ 규λͺ¨λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:36
Where we need to use our resources efficiently,
222
696708
3101
μžμ›μ„ 효율적으둜 μ‚¬μš©ν•  곡간이 μžˆμ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:39
to extend the expiry date of our planet.
223
699833
2810
우리 ν–‰μ„±μ˜ 유효 기간을 μ—°μž₯ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
11:42
We need to change planning urban design cultures,
224
702667
3101
λ„μ‹œ λ””μžμΈμ„ κ³„νš 방식에 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όμ–΄
11:45
to think of the temporal, the reversible,
225
705792
2809
μΌμ‹œμ μ΄κ³ , μ›μƒνƒœλ‘œ 되돌릴 수 있고
11:48
the disassembleable.
226
708625
1809
해체가 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 방식을 κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:50
And that can be tremendous
227
710458
2143
이것은 ꡉμž₯ν•œ 생각이고
11:52
in terms of the effect it might have on our lives.
228
712625
3458
효과적 μΈ‘λ©΄μ—μ„œ μ¦‰κ°μ μœΌλ‘œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:56
I often think back to the Kumbh Mela
229
716917
2934
μ €λŠ” μ’…μ’… μΏ° 메일라λ₯Ό λ– μ˜¬λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
11:59
that I visited with my students and I studied,
230
719875
2143
μ œκ°€ κ°€λ₯΄μ³€λ˜ 학생듀과 λ°©λ¬Έν–ˆκ³  μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ˜ λ•Œλ₯Όμš”.
12:02
and this was a moment where the city had been disassembled.
231
722042
4184
λ„μ‹œκ°€ ν•΄μ²΄λ˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„μ„ 담은 μ‚¬μ§„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:06
A week after the festival was over.
232
726250
1851
μΆ•μ œκ°€ λλ‚˜κ³  일주일이 μ§€λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:08
There was no mark.
233
728125
1268
μ–΄λ–€ 흔적도 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:09
The terrain was waiting to be covered over by the water,
234
729417
4059
μΆ•μ œλ₯Ό ν•˜λ˜ λͺ¨λž˜ν†±μ€ λ‹€μ‹œ 물이 λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ”κΈΈ 기닀리고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:13
to be consumed.
235
733500
1268
물에 μž κΈ°λŠ” κ²ƒμ„μš”.
12:14
And I went to thank a high priestess
236
734792
2767
μ €λŠ” λŒ€μ‚¬μ œμ—κ²Œ 감사λ₯Ό λ“œλ¦¬λŸ¬ κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:17
who had helped us and my students through our research
237
737583
3643
κ·Έ 뢄은 저와 ν•™μƒλ“€μ˜ 연ꡬλ₯Ό 도와주셨고
12:21
and facilitated us through this process.
238
741250
3601
이 연ꡬ가 진전될 수 μžˆλ„λ‘ ν•΄μ£Όμ…¨μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:24
And I went to her with great enthusiasm,
239
744875
2268
μ €λŠ” 큰 기쁨을 느끼며 κ·Έ 뢄을 μ°Ύμ•„κ°”κ³ ,
12:27
and I told her about how much we had learned
240
747167
2101
연ꡬλ₯Ό 톡해 깨달은 점을 λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:29
about infrastructure, the city, the efficiency of the city,
241
749292
3601
곡곡 기반 μ‹œμ„€, λ„μ‹œ, λ„μ‹œμ˜ νš¨μœ¨μ„±,
12:32
the architecture, the five materials that made the city.
242
752917
3101
건좕, λ„μ‹œ 건좕을 μœ„ν•΄ μ‚¬μš©ν•œ λ‹€μ„― 개의 μž¬λ£Œμ— κ΄€ν•΄μ„œμš”.
12:36
She looked really amused, she was smiling.
243
756042
2642
κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 즐거운 λ“― λ―Έμ†Œμ§€μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:38
In any case, she leaned forward
244
758708
2810
λŒ€μ‚¬μ œλŠ” λͺΈμ„ μ•žμœΌλ‘œ λ‚΄λ°€κ³ 
12:41
and put her hand on my head to bless me.
245
761542
3351
μ €λ₯Ό μΆ•λ³΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 제 머리 μœ„μ— 손을 μ–Ήμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:44
And she whispered in my ear, she said,
246
764917
3601
그리고 제 귀에 λŒ€κ³  μ†μ‚­μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:48
"Feel blessed that the Mother Ganges
247
768542
3059
"은총을 λ°›κΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:51
allowed you all to sit in her lap for a few days."
248
771625
4667
μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆ κ° μ§€μŠ€ κ°• λ¬΄λ¦Žμ— 앉도둝 λ©°μΉ  더 ν—ˆλ½ν•΄ μ£Όμ‹  κ²ƒμ„μš”."
12:57
I've often thought about this,
249
777375
2309
μ €λŠ” 가끔 이 일을 μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
12:59
and of course, I understood what she said.
250
779708
2893
λ¬Όλ‘ , μ €λŠ” κ·Έ 뢄이 ν•˜μ‹  말씀을 μ΄ν•΄ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:02
She said, cities, people, architecture will come and go,
251
782625
3851
λ„μ‹œ, μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 건좕은 μ™”λ‹€κ°€ μ–Έμ  κ°€λŠ” μ‚¬λΌμ§€μ§€λ§Œ
13:06
but the planet is here to stay.
252
786500
2042
μ§€κ΅¬λŠ” 이곳에 머물러 μ‘΄μž¬ν•œλ‹€κ³  κ·Έλ…€λŠ” λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:09
Touch it lightly, leave a minimal mark.
253
789625
3976
쑰금만 κ±΄λ“œλ¦¬κ³ , μ΅œμ†Œν•œμ˜ ν”μ λ§Œ λ‚¨κΈ°μ„Έμš”.
13:13
And I think that's an important lesson for us as citizens and architects.
254
793625
4434
이것은 μ‹œλ―Όμ΄μž 건좕가인 μš°λ¦¬μ—κ²Œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ΅ν›ˆμ΄λΌ μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:18
And I think it was this experience
255
798083
2601
이 κ²½ν—˜μœΌλ‘œ
13:20
that made me believe that impermanence is bigger than permanence
256
800708
6351
μ €λŠ” μΌμ‹œμ„±μ΄ μ˜κ΅¬μ„±λ³΄λ‹€ 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ κ°€μΉ˜λΌ 믿게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:27
and bigger than us all.
257
807083
1268
우리 λͺ¨λ‘λ₯Ό ν•©μΉœ 것 λ³΄λ‹€λ„μš”.
13:28
Thank you for listening.
258
808375
1518
λ“€μ–΄μ£Όμ…”μ„œ κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
13:29
(Applause)
259
809917
6083
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7